Biodiversity is attributed to a myriad of products and ecosystem services that sustain human well-being. Biodiversity is the ultimate source of livelihood for disadvantaged urban and rural ...populations, and it is linked to health, culture, and social behavior. Wild animals have a significant role in ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal, and decomposition, and they are an important aspect of biodiversity. In most parts of the world, wildlife is also essential as a source of food and clothing, as well as for recreation, tourism, and as esthetic and cultural icons. The continuous decline of global biodiversity and ecosystem services has sparked a lot of research into the efficacy of measures that can prevent ecosystem deterioration and species extinction while also allowing for sustainable resource use. Raising public awareness to boost conservation efforts by informing and involving managers, stakeholders, and the public in creating and improving management and conservation programs is a key component of sustainable wildlife management. Raising public awareness and knowledge of the environment promotes the adoption of sustainable use of natural resources. Persuading decision-makers and the worldwide public to adopt conservation action requires communication, education, and public awareness. Biodiversity science provides the basis of our understanding and is an essential aspect of policy making. This paper summarizes some important aspects of biodiversity communication with a special focus on wildlife management.
Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in
I. balsamina
...is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of
Impatiens
or its closest monotypic relative,
Hydrocera triflora
(L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of
Impatiens
and
H. triflora
and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in
Impatiens
were found to be palmitic (5.57–20.85%), stearic (2.86–21.61%), oleic (2.79–28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ
9,12
, 2.04–26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆
9,12,15
; 11.07–53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93–70.21%). Genus
Impatiens
contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related
H. triflora.
This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in
Impatiens
for the first time. Some species (
I. mengtszeana
,
I. racemulosa
and
I. oppositifolia
) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of
Impatiens.
Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for
Impatiens.
Moisture deficit stress is a major abiotic factor affecting muskmelon quality and productivity globally. Here we have examined the response of morpho-physiological traits under moisture deficit ...stress condition in muskmelon parental lines viz., Durgapur Madhu (DM) and BS25 along with F2:3 population derived from their cross for contrasting stress tolerance traits. Moisture stress reduced relative water content significantly (p < 0.01) with variation recorded among population lines. We observed that relative water content showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.34) with proline. A significantly increased value of the proline content (8.68 μg/gm), membrane stability index (27.11 mS/cm) and leaf area (24.43 cm2) were observed in BS25 compared to DM genotype. Some population lines such as L8, L10, L83, L16, L21, L54, and L63 showed significantly higher values for proline content and relative water content in moisture stress condition. We observed variability for different traits in the F2:3 population that allowed selection of individual lines with possibly greater potential of moisture stress tolerance, which can be useful in future breeding programs in muskmelon.
The present study has been carried out to find the trend of publications in the
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge
(
IJTK
) for the period 2002–2022 using various scientometric parameters. A ...total of 2072 articles were published in volumes 1–21 of the journal during this period, and all articles were taken into consideration for the study. Various indicators like distribution of articles over the period, impact factor, time gap in publications, subject-wise distribution of articles, author-wise listing of articles, country-wise listing of articles, degree of collaboration amongst the authors and most cited articles were analysed for this article. The evaluation of the data shows that the flow of articles submitted to the journal has increased in number over the years. The current impact factor (JCR 2022) of the journal is 0.8. The highest number of contributions in single-author papers was observed in 2008 with 25 publications (12.37%). While in multi-authored papers’ maximum contributions were observed in 2010 with 121 papers. The average degree of collaboration is 0.91. The activity index shows the Indian output and world output in terms of publications in the journal. The paper also recognized the most productive authors and highly cited papers.
Among abiotic stresses, heat stress has a large negative impact upon agricultural productivity worldwide. Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal) is attracting a great deal of attention due ...to its drought and heat stress tolerance nature although genotypic variability exists. Genotypes of moth bean were subjected to heat stress to reveal the pattern of expression of genes. Many heat shock proteins (HSPs) and Super oxide dismutase (MnSOD) are differentially regulated in plants subjected to heat stress. Twenty days-old moth bean seedlings were exposed to a temperature of 55°C for 30 minutes. Total RNA was extracted from stressed and control plants, proceed for qRT-PCR analysis. Heat shock protein (HSP70) and MnSOD were significantly up-regulated in Jwala, Jadia, Marumoth and RMO 40 genotypes of moth bean and downregulated in genotypes with accession numbers, IC 121051, IC 36392, IC 140725 and IC 472257. This study would help in identifying heat tolerant varieties in moth bean and related Vigna species for future breeding programmes.
Dioscorea
(Dioscoreaceae) is a large monocot genus of species with either underground tubers or rhizomes. Many species of
Dioscorea
are used for food or medicine.
Dioscorea
is as an emerging model ...organism that is important in understanding plant biology and evolution.
Dioscorea
is rich in secondary metabolite content (e.g., diosgenin). The first objective of this study was phylogenetic analysis of Indian
Dioscorea
. Sampling included 16 Indian species representing approximately 50% of total Indian species. In molecular phylogenetic analyses, using plastid markers (
mat
K,
rbc
L,
atp
B-
rbc
L and
ndh
F), the tuberous and rhizomatous species formed separate clades with strong support and members of each section formed distinct clade supporting the traditional morphology based sectional classification of
Dioscorea
. Results of phylogenetic analyses of Indian
Dioscorea
formed the basis for sampling of species for the second objective of this study, which was to compare the secondary metabolite (phenolics and flavonoid) content in representatives from different sections of Indian
Dioscorea.
The phenolic content and associated antioxidant activity were studied using methanolic extracts of underground parts. Six species from different sections were used in this study, which are
Dioscorea alata
L. (six cultivars;
Enantiophyllum
),
D. pentaphylla
L. (sect.
Botryosicyos
),
D. esculenta
(Lour.) Burkill (sect.
Combilium
),
D. bulbifera
L. (sect.
Opsophyton
),
D. deltoidea
Wall. ex Griseb. and
D. prazeri
Prain et Burkill (sect.
Stenophora
). The rhizomatous species
D. prazeri
and
D. deltoidea
showed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than the tuberous species. Significant differences were also observed in the phenolic content and antioxidant activities among different cultivars of
D. alata
.
Extraction of RNA from
Dioscorea
is difficult because of rich mucilage and secondary metabolite content. High-quality RNA is required for RT-PCR and transcriptome analysis. Different protocols and ...common extraction kits were used for RNA extraction in
Dioscorea
, but the results were not satisfactory. A CTAB based protocol with lithium chloride precipitation yielded good quality RNA. The RNA isolated using this protocol was successfully used for RT-PCR and transcriptome sequencing experiments. Mucilage content varies at different developmental stages of
Dioscorea
and the present protocol was effective in isolating RNA from such samples. Although the protocol was originally modified for tuber tissues, it can be used also for extraction of RNA from rhizome, root, shoot and leaf.
Moth bean is the most drought and heat tolerant cultigens among Asian
Vigna
. We performed comparative transcriptome analysis of moth bean cultivar “Marumoth” under control and stress condition. De ...novo transcriptome assembly was carried out by using Velvet followed by Oases softwares. Differential expression analyses, SSR identification and validation and mapping of pathways and transcription factors were conducted. A total of 179,979 and 201,888 reads were generated on Roche 454 platform and 48,617,205 and 45,449,053 reads were generated on ABI Solid platform for the control and stressed samples. Combined assembly from Roche and ABI Solid platforms generated 16,090 and 15,096 transcripts for control and stressed samples. We found 1287 SSRs and 5606 transcripts involved in 179 pathways. The 55 transcription factor families represented 19.42% of total mothbean transcripts. In expression profiling, ten transcripts were found to be up-regulated and 41 down-regulated while 490 showed no major change under moisture stress condition. Stress inducible genes like Catalase, Cyt P450 monooxygenase, heat shock proteins (HSP 90 and HSP 70), oxidoreductase, protein kinases, dehydration responsive protein (DRP), universal stress protein and ferridoxin NADH oxidoreductase genes were up-regulated in stressed sample. Genes which might be involved in moisture stress tolerance in moth bean were identified and these might be useful for stress tolerance breeding in moth bean and other related crops.
Expressed genes and polymorphisms were identified in lines of rohu
Labeo rohita
selected for resistance or susceptibility to
Aeromonas hydrophila
, an important bacterial pathogen causing ...aeromoniasis. All animals were grown in a common environment and RNA from ten individuals from each line pooled for Illumina mRNA-seq. De novo transcriptome assembly produced 137,629 contigs with 40× average coverage. Forty-four percent of the assembled sequences were annotated with gene names and ontology terms. Of these, 3,419 were assigned biological process terms related to “stress response” and 1,939 “immune system”. Twenty-six contigs containing 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to map to the
Cyprinus carpio
mitochondrial genome and over 26,000 putative SNPs and 1,700 microsatellite loci were detected. Seventeen percent of the 100 transcripts with coverage data most indicative of higher-fold expression (>5.6 fold) in the resistant line pool showed homology to major histocompatibility (MH), heat shock proteins (HSP) 30, 70 and 90, glycoproteins or serum lectin genes with putative functions affecting immune response. Forty-one percent of these 100 transcripts showed no or low homology to known genes. Of the SNPs identified, 96 showing the highest allele frequency differences between susceptible and resistant line fish included transcripts with homology to MH class I and galactoside-binding soluble lectin, also with putative functions affecting innate and acquired immune response. A comprehensive sequence resource for
L. rohita
, including annotated microsatellites and SNPs from a mixture of
A. hydrophila
-susceptible and -resistant individuals, was created for subsequent experiments aiming to identify genes associated with
A. hydrophila
resistance.
PDF
