We investigate the usage of a schlieren imaging setup to measure the geometrical dimensions of a plasma channel in atomic vapor. Near resonant probe light is used to image the plasma channel in the ...tenuous vapor and machine learning techniques are tested for extracting quantitative information from the images. We build a database of simulated signals with a range of plasma parameters for training Deep Neural Networks, and demonstrate that they can estimate, from the schlieren images, reliably and with high accuracy the location, the radius and the maximum ionization fraction of the plasma channel as well as the width of the transition region between the core of the plasma channel and the unionized vapor. We test several different neural network architectures with supervised learning and show that the parameter estimations supplied by the networks are resilient with respect to slight changes of the experimental parameters that may occur in the course of a measurement.
•Machine learning programs can evaluate images provided by a laser probe.•The parameters of a plasma channel can be estimated quickly and accurately.•Parameter estimation works well for measurements taken under varying circumstances.
The scaling of charged hadron fragmentation functions to the Tsallis distribution for the momentum fraction 0.01≲x≲0.2 is presented for various e+e− collision energies. A possible microcanonical ...generalisation of the Tsallis distribution is proposed, which gives good agreement with measured data up to x≈1. The proposal is based on superstatistics and a Koba–Nielsen–Olesen (KNO) like scaling of multiplicity distributions in e+e− experiments.
A portable cosmic muon detector has been developed for geophysical applications: searching for large scale underground rock/soil inhomogeneities and underground cavities. The designed muon telescope ...called a muon tomograph is based on the recently developed closed cathode chamber (CCC) technology, which provides a cheap, easy handling, portable, and power efficient detector system able to work even in extreme conditions (e.g. high humidity, low/high temperature). The muon telescope has a detection surface of approximately 0.1 m2 with a 10 mrad angular resolution. Tests have been performed in natural caves and artificial tunnel systems as well. In this paper a summary of the first results on tomographic cavities are presented and the geophysical and possible industrial use of the cosmic muon tomographic technology is indicated.
We investigated recent observation data of pulsar masses of PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0348+0432, and PSR J1614−2230 based on the extended
σ
-
ω
model. We assumed that these pulsars are maximal mass ...compact star, which suggest that the core approximation can be applied. Using the linear relations between the microscopic and macroscopic parameters of neutron stars suggested by this model, we estimated the values of the nucleon Landau mass and nuclear compressibility
m
L
=776.0
−84.9
+38.5
MeV and
K
=242.7
−28.0
+57.2
MeV, respectively.
Summary of the long term data taking, related to one of the proposed next generation ground-based gravitational detector’s location is presented here. Results of seismic and infrasound noise, ...electromagnetic attenuation and cosmic muon radiation measurements are reported in the underground Matra Gravitational and Geophysical Laboratory near Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary. The collected seismic data of more than two years is evaluated from the point of view of the Einstein Telescope, a proposed third generation underground gravitational wave observatory. Applying our results for the site selection will significantly improve the signal to noise ratio of the multi-messenger astrophysics era, especially at the low frequency regime.
Very high momentum particle identification in ALICE at the LHC Agocs, A.; Alfaro, R.; Barnafoldi, G.G. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2010, Letnik:
617, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We propose to construct and install a limited acceptance detector to identify hadrons (pions, K, p) up to 30
GeV/
c on a track-by-track basis in space available in ALICE. Details and PID performance ...simulation results will be presented for two possible options, including a high transverse momentum (
p
T
) trigger for this detector. The first option is a RICH design with a
C
4
F
10
gas UV-photon radiator, UV-mirror, quartz window and pad-readout. This design requires additional tracking detectors to enable high
p
T
triggering. A second option is a combination of three detectors: a RICH with
CF
4
gas both as a UV-photon radiator and as a gas amplification medium (a windowless approach); and a threshold Cherenkov detector (
C
4
F
10
) with a quartz window and pad readout. The response for minimum ionizing particles (MIP) and UV-photons in these detectors can be well separated. With an additional tracking detector this design will also provide high
p
T
triggering. The simulation includes UV-photon production due to
CF
4
scintillation.
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the most up-to-date theory of the strong interaction. Its predictions have been verified experimentally, and it is a cornerstone of the Standard Model of particle ...physics. However, standard perturbative procedures fail if applied to low-energy QCD. Even the discovery of the Higgs Boson will not solve the problem of masses originating from the non-perturbative behavior of QCD. This book presents a new method, the introduction of the ‘mass gap’, first suggested by Arthur Jaffe and Edward Witten at the turn of the millennium. It attempts to show that, to explain the mass-spectrum of QCD, one needs the mass scale parameter (the mass gap) instead of other massive particles. The energy difference between the lowest order and the vacuum state in Yang–Mills quantum field theory, the mass gap is in principle responsible for the large-scale structure of the QCD ground state, and thus also for its non-perturbative phenomena at low energies. This book not only presents the mass gap, but also details the applications and outlook of the mass gap method. A detailed summary of references and problems are included as well.
Muography is a novel imaging technology based on particle physics instrumentation to reveal density structure of hill-sized objects. The cosmic muon flux is attenuated while penetrating into the ...ground, thus the differential local flux correlates with the overburden density-length. Underground muography exploits the close-to-zenith flux, while main challenges became portability, low power consumption, and robustness against the out-of-the-laboratory environment. Various fields could benefit from this non-invasive imaging, eg. speleology, mining, archeology, or industry. Portable gaseous tracking detector systems have been designed, built, and successfully used in several underground locations. This paper presents the designed portable muography systems, the main requirements, and measurement campaigns for calibration, natural caves, and cultural heritage.
The Bergen proton CT system Aehle, M.; Alme, J.; Barnaföldi, G.G. ...
Journal of instrumentation,
02/2023, Letnik:
18, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
The Bergen proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is a prototype detector under construction. It aims to have the capability to track and measure ions’ energy deposition to minimize uncertainty in ...proton treatment planning. It is a high granularity digital tracking calorimeter, where the first two layers will act as tracking layers to obtain positional information of the incoming particle. The remainder of the detector will act as a calorimeter. Beam tests have been performed with multiple beams. These tests have shown that the ALPIDE chip sensor can measure the deposited energy, making it possible for the sensors to distinguish between the tracks in the Digital Tracking Calorimeter (DTC).
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