The aim of this study was to estimate the costs related to hospitalisation for exacerbations of COPD in patients who received domiciliary rehabilitation.
The hospital costs (obtained from the health ...insurance office of Bayonne) of 31 patients suffering from COPD of all stages, were analysed for the year of rehabilitation and for the preceding year. All the patients had access to the same management programme in a health care system: domiciliary bicycle ergometry, collective gymnastics, dietary advice, psychological support and education.
The analysis of the costs of respiratory care revealed two populations: a minority in whom costs were increased (two end of life situations requiring palliative care and two severe episodes requiring intensive care), and a majority in whom domiciliary rehabilitation led to a reduction of over 60% in the costs related to hospitalisation.
Respiratory rehabilitation reduces the costs of hospitalisation secondary to exacerbations in patients suffering from COPD but does not reduce the high costs related to severe episodes of respiratory failure or terminal care. It is important that rehabilitation is adapted to the needs of each patient until the end of his life.
We present the first non-lexicographic social ranking rule in the preference-approval setting. Our rule is obtained using three well-known axioms and a novel symmetry axiom, which balances ...preferences and approval information, thereby avoiding the extreme outcomes seen in existing lexicographic methods. Other non-lexicographic alternatives are discussed.
•We present the first non-lexicographic social ranking rule in the preference-approval setting.•Our rule avoids the extreme outcomes seen in existing lexicographic methods.•Our rule is obtained using a novel axiom, balancing preferences and approval information.•Other non-lexicographic alternatives are discussed.
Evidence from consumer research indicates that people tend to focus their attention on options with which they are familiar; for this reason, they are also more likely to choose them. To study this ...phenomenon axiomatically, we extend the standard choice data to specify the timing of choices. This allows us to consider several (nested) time-evolving, experience-based choice models. Specifically, the agent in our theory first considers only the subset of available options with which he is familiar, and only if none of the options in this subset is satisfying (according to a fixed threshold) does he consider the entire possibility set. Importantly, we allow the set of familiar options to expand as the agent acquires experience. We provide choice-theoretic foundations for maximizing a single preference relation under this dynamic, familiarity-based attention, and show how one can reveal from the observed behavior an agent’s preferences and his threshold level. We also provide a comparative measure of preference for familiar options that is observable from choice and relate it to our main representation.
The note puts forward the idea of
revealed desirability
, a novel instrument, which like revealed preference is observable from choice and important for individual and social welfare. We provide the ...axiomatic underlying individual’s choice model, preliminary experimental results that support the idea, and an appealing allocation rule that uses the revealed desirability information along with the revealed-preference information.
The paper provides choice theoretic foundations for impulsive behavior and changing taste. Similar to other studies in the literature, revelation is possible owing to self-limitation. However, in ...contrast to the usual unrealistic assumption that selflimitation opportunities are exogenous and observable, we follow Laibson's classical paper by allowing for self-limitation through investing only in illiquid assets. This approach allows us to identify impulsive behavior and changing taste using only standard demand data. In addition, we provide a refinement for an individual's welfare that is based on libertarian considerations. The refinement uniquely identifies the revealed impulsiveness in our model, and ultimately leads to a notion of comparative impulsiveness. Finally, we relate the comparative impulsiveness in our model to existing measures of (ir)rationality.
In a setting of choice with an observable status quo, we model an agent who struggles with temptation by exercising (costly) self-control, and who views the status quo as a commitment opportunity ...that allows him to avoid the self-control costs incurred when making an active choice. Our model is rational in that the agent always maximizes the same ex-post utility function; hence, when the standard indirect utility property holds, the model reduces to classic rational choice model. However, when we allow for costly self-control, our theory provides a rationale for three well-documented phenomena that cannot be captured by the standard model: the status-quo bias, the compromise effect, and the satisficing choice procedure (when ignoring the information on the status quo). A notable feature of our theory is that while it relaxes the indirect utility property, it still allows for a complete identification of an agent’s preference relation over menus. This is found to be important in many practical situations.
•While there is abundant evidence of the name-letter effect (NLE) on the demand side of the market, our results are the first to:.•Demonstrate the NLE on the supply side of the market.•Measure the ...economic value of NLE in the products market.
The name letter effect—that people's choices are affected by the similarity between the first letter of the choice and the chooser's own first name letter—has been documented in multiple consumer behavior fields. However, little is known about its impact on the supply side of the market, that is, on seller behavior. Hence, this study utilizes field experiments in which sellers on a second-hand online platform are approached with distinct names to analyze their responses. The results show that sellers change the offered price of second-hand products sold on online platforms based on the customer's name. The results suggest that, on average, sellers agree to reduce the selling price more when approached by a consumer with a name that starts with the same letter and that the economic value of the name letter effect is approximately 3.5–5% of the product's initial requested price. Notably, the results are robust when examined with both between- and within-subject designs and when analyzing sellers' reactions to customers approaching them anonymously.
This paper provides a tight axiomatic relation between the following models: the standard rational choice model, non-domination rationalizability, rationalization by an incomplete Hype-relation ...(Aizerman and Malishevski, 1981), and the transitive version of the partial dominant choice model (Gerasimou, 2016). Thus, providing a taxonomy of rationalization by incomplete preferences.
•We provide a taxonomy of 4 known models of rationalization with (possibly) incomplete preferences.•We provide a novel characterization of rationalizability that gives a new interpretation of WARP.•Our taxonomy provides a novel axiomatic rationale for a moderate attraction effect.
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