Abstract only Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that differences in the ability to perceive individual tastes; sweet, salt, sour, bitter and umami, may influence food intake - amount and ...variety, thereby influencing diet quality, energy balance and cardiometabolic disorders. Objective: To explore the relationship between perception of each taste and intake of different categories of fruits and vegetables. We hypothesized that greater perception of each taste will be inversely associated with amount consumed. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline data from participants (N=379) in the University of Valencia center of the PREDIMED-PLUS Clinical Trial; a multi-center weight-loss primary prevention trial of cardiovascular disease, among community-dwelling adults in Spain aged 55-75y diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Taste perception was determined by challenging subjects with solutions of standard tastants representing sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami (400 mM sucrose, 200 mM NaCl, 34 mM citric acid, 5.6 mM phenylthiocarbamide PTC, 200 mM monopotassium glutamate, respectively). Taste perception intensities were evaluated on a 0-5 scale. Food intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Outcomes included fruit and vegetable intake (servings/week), total and sub-groups (citrus and non-citrus fruits; cruciferous and non-cruciferous vegetables). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess relationships between perception of each tastant and number of servings/week consumed, for total and square root-transformed sub-groups. Results: In the fully-adjusted models, controlling for sex, age, diabetes, smoking status, daily physical activity and weekly energy intake, there were inverse associations between sweet perception and intake of citrus fruit (β=-0.5; p<0.01) and total vegetables (β=-1.1; 95% CI -2.0, -0.2), particularly non-cruciferous vegetables (β=-1.0; p=0.02); and positive associations between salt perception and intake of total fruit (β=0.9; 95% CI 0.02, 1.7), particularly non-citrus fruit (β=0.6; p=0.03), sour perception and intake of cruciferous vegetables (β=0.1; p=0.04) and umami perception and intake of non-cruciferous vegetables (β=0.7; p=0.04). No significant associations were observed between bitter taste perception and fruit or vegetable intake. Conclusion: This marks the first exploration of taste perception as a determinant of fruit and vegetable intake among community-dwelling adults. Perception for each tastant differentially affected the amount and type of fruits and vegetables consumed, with sweet, salt, sour and umami perception emerging as significant predictors. These findings support a role of taste perception in guiding the amount and type of foods consumed, albeit in a more complex manner than originally hypothesized.
Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years ...show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55⁻75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at
< 5 × 10
(GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 (
= 9.25 × 10
), rs4148324 (
= 9.48 × 10
), rs6742078 (
= 1.29 × 10
), rs887829 (
= 1.39 × 10
), and the rs4148324 (
= 9.48 × 10
)) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men (
= 4.77 × 10
) and women (
= 2.15 × 10
), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance (
< 1 × 10
). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at
< 1 × 10
for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at
< 1 × 10
, and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene (
= 3.14 × 10
). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet.
Abstract only Objective: Evidence suggests perception of sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami tastes may be independently related to food preferences and intake. Our objective was to determine ...whether a collective measure of taste perception for all 5 tastes—“taste perception profiles”—was related to adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedD). Methods: Participants were 367 older adults (55-75 years; 55% female) with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia. A data-driven clustering approach identified six taste perception profiles from baseline taste perception scores: Low All ( n = 85), High Bitter ( n = 41), High Umami ( n = 61), Low Bitter & Umami ( n = 59), High All But Bitter ( n = 72) and High All But Umami ( n = 49). A MedD adherence score was tabulated from a questionnaire which captured adherence to 17 pre-determined MedD criteria (range = 0-17; 1 point per criteria met). Generalized linear models were used to determine the relations between taste perception profiles and MedD adherence scores, with confounder adjustment. Results: Across profiles, there were no significant differences in MedD adherence scores (unadjusted mean range = 8.1-8.6; ANOVA, p = 0.97); however, there were significant differences in the criteria met by each profile. For High All But Bitter and Low All profiles, 71% vs. 42% of individuals, respectively, met criteria for adequate vegetable intake (chi square = 12.8, p = 0.03); and for High All But Umami and High All But Bitter profiles, 95% vs. 65% of individuals, respectively, reported preferring lean over red meat (chi square = 12.5, p = 0.03). After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, diabetes, medication use and energy intake, compared to individuals with Low All (reference), those with High All But Bitter were more likely to meet criteria for adequate vegetable (OR 95% CI = 2.9 1.3, 6.6), adequate sofrito (2.4 1.1, 5.4) and moderate wine (4.1 1.5, 11.3) intakes, and less likely to meet criteria for low non-whole grain pasta/rice (0.3 0.1, 0.8), white bread (0.3 0.1, 0.6) and red/processed meat (0.3 0.2, 0.7) intakes, and to report preferring lean over red meat (0.3 0.1, 0.8) and using extra virgin olive oil as a main cooking fat (0.4 0.2, 0.95); individuals with High Bitter were more likely to meet criteria for adequate fruit (2.7 1.3, 5.5) and less likely to meet criteria for low sugar-sweetened beverage (0.4 0.2, 0.8) intakes, while those with High Umami were more likely to meet criterion for adequate vegetable intake (2.2 1.1, 4.5). Neither Low Bitter & Umami nor High All But Umami were significantly associated with MedD adherence. Conclusions: Among older adults with metabolic syndrome, taste perception profiles were associated with differential patterns of adherence to a MedD, supporting the use of taste perception profiles when developing individualized dietary modification strategies to improve cardiometabolic risk factors.
Diet regulates gene expression and methylation profiles by several mechanisms. However, studies analyzing the simultaneous effect of specific foods on gene-expression and DNA methylation at the ...genome-wide level are very scarce. Therefore our aims were: To study the short-term transcriptomics and epigenomcis effects at the genome-wide level of the Iberian ham intake compared with orange intake in the same subjects.
We carried out a cross-over randomized trial (registered at ISRCTN17906849) in 33 healhty volunteers (aged 18–50 years and 50% females) of European ancestry. After 12h fasting, participants were randomly allocated to eat 67.5 g of Iberian ham (100% pure iberian breed and 100% acorn fed) or 500 g of peeled oranges (Citrus reticulata) depening on the intervention group. After a washout period, subjects were crossed over to the alternate treatment arm. Blood samples were taken at 0-h and at 4-h to isolate DNA and RNA from leukocytes. A random sample of 16 participants was selected for omics analyses (gene expression with the. GeneChip Human Gene 2.0 ST Array, and the EPIC-Illumina array (850K) for methylation). Eight arrays (2 times and 2 treatments per 2 omics) were obtained for each participant. Differences in gene expression and methylation (4 h vs baseline) were analyzed for Iberian ham, oranges and combined. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used for pathway enrichment analysis.
The top-ranked genes differentially expressed P < 1 × 10–5) after Iberian ham intake (4 h vs baseline) were PKBP5 and PICALM. Pantothenate and CoA biosyntesis and the JAK-STAT singaling pathways were the most significantly enriched (P < 5 × 10–7). After orange intake, the top-ranked differentially expressed genes (P < 5 × 10–6) were: SMAP2 and RHEB, the pathways being (P < 5 × 10–9): Cellular senescence and ABC transporters. We detected top-ranked methylated CpGs both for ham and oranges, resulting the Chemokine signaling pathway differentially methylated for oranges and in the Neurothrophine singaling pathway for Iberian ham intake. Comparative combined analysis revealed additional differences.
A short-term intake of Iberian ham or oranges results in differences in gene expression as well as in DNA-methylation.
CIBEROBN-06/03/035, PROMETEO-17/2017 APOSTD/2019/136), P1–1B2013–54 and COGRUP/2016/06
Insufficient sleep leads to overconsumption, but the factors contributing to this effect are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed the influence of prolonged curtailment of sleep on free-living ...eating patterns linked with overconsumption and explored associations of these eating patterns with diet quality under different sleep conditions.
Sixty-five adults (47 females) participated in outpatient randomized crossover studies with two 6-week conditions: adequate sleep (7-9 h/night) and sleep restriction (-1.5 h/night relative to screening). Food records were collected over 3 nonconsecutive days, from which we ascertained data on eating frequency, midpoint, and window and intakes of energy and nutrients. Linear mixed models were used to assess the impact of sleep condition on change in eating pattern (sleep × week interaction) and the relation between eating patterns and dietary intakes (sleep × eating pattern interaction).
Sleep condition impacted the change in eating frequency across weeks, with eating frequency increasing in sleep restriction relative to adequate sleep (β = 0.3 ± 0.1;
= .046). Across conditions, eating more frequently tended to relate to higher energy intakes (β = 60.5 ± 34.6;
= .082). Sleep also influenced the relation of variability in eating midpoint with intakes of saturated fat (β = 6.0 ± 2.1;
= .005), polyunsaturated fat (β = -3.9 ± 2.0;
= .051), and added sugar (β = 17.3 ± 6.2;
= .006), with greater midpoint variability associated with more adverse changes in these diet quality components in sleep restriction vs adequate sleep.
Chronic short sleep increases eating frequency and adversely influences associations of variability in meal timing with components of diet quality. These findings help to explain how short sleep leads to overconsumption and obesity.
Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Impact of Sleep Restriction in Women; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02835261; Identifier: NCT02835261 and Name: Impact of Sleep Restriction on Performance in Adults; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02960776; Identifier: NCT02960776.
Barragán R, Zuraikat FM, Tam V, RoyChoudhury A, St-Onge M-P. Changes in eating patterns in response to chronic insufficient sleep and their associations with diet quality: a randomized trial.
. 2023;19(11):1867-1875.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multimorbid long-term condition without consensual medical definition and a diagnostic based on compatible symptomatology. Here we have investigated the molecular ...signature of MetS in urine.
We used NMR-based metabolomics to investigate a European cohort including urine samples from 11,754 individuals (18-75 years old, 41% females), designed to populate all the intermediate conditions in MetS, from subjects without any risk factor up to individuals with developed MetS (4-5%, depending on the definition). A set of quantified metabolites were integrated from the urine spectra to obtain metabolic models (one for each definition), to discriminate between individuals with MetS.
MetS progression produces a continuous and monotonic variation of the urine metabolome, characterized by up- or down-regulation of the pertinent metabolites (17 in total, including glucose, lipids, aromatic amino acids, salicyluric acid, maltitol, trimethylamine N-oxide, and p-cresol sulfate) with some of the metabolites associated to MetS for the first time. This metabolic signature, based solely on information extracted from the urine spectrum, adds a molecular dimension to MetS definition and it was used to generate models that can identify subjects with MetS (AUROC values between 0.83 and 0.87). This signature is particularly suitable to add meaning to the conditions that are in the interface between healthy subjects and MetS patients. Aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are also risk factors that may enhance MetS probability, but they do not directly interfere with the metabolic discrimination of the syndrome.
Urine metabolomics, studied by NMR spectroscopy, unravelled a set of metabolites that concomitantly evolve with MetS progression, that were used to derive and validate a molecular definition of MetS and to discriminate the conditions that are in the interface between healthy individuals and the metabolic syndrome.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introducción: Las dificultades en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios generalmente se ubican en sus habilidades cognitivas, en sus hábitos de estudio o en las relaciones con su ...pares o familiares, entre otros. Sin embargo, es necesario observar con más detalle cómo están focalizando su atención y cómo están manejando los distractores internos y externos. Por esto se requiere identificar de qué manera los estudiantes perciben los cambios en su atención al entrenarse en el Mindfulness, que consiste en saber autorregular la atención, lo cual genera cambios en la conducta y mejora el manejo del estrés. Objetivos: Se buscó identificar los cambios en los subprocesos atencionales y en los indicadores de la atención de estudiantes universitarios entrenados en el Método de autocontrol de la atención Mindfulness. Materiales y método: Se utilizó un diseño preexperimental de un solo grupo con observación antes/después, en 21 universitarios (16 mujeres y 5 hombres), con una edad promedio de 20,4 años. Resultados: Se compararon los promedios mediante la t de student antes y después de entrenarse en el método Mindfulness, y se observaron cambios estadísticamente signifi- cativos tanto en la Escala Subjetiva como en las subescalas del WAIS, avalando el apoyo al entrenamiento en el método. Conclusiones. El método Mindfulness generó cambios favorables y significativos en la autopercepción de los subprocesos atencionales y en los indicadores de atención del WAIS.
Introducción: aunque la obesidad es un problema de salud multidimensional, pocos estudios de investigación cualitativa han analizado el discurso de personas obesas con perspectiva de género para ...conocer con mayor profundidad información difícilmente obtenible con técnicas cuantitativas.Objetivo: analizar el discurso de personas obesas mediante grupos de discusión en cuanto a factores que subyacen en la obesidad, percepción del riesgo de patologías, pérdida peso y otros factores relevantes.Métodos: se realizaron dos grupos de discusión en sesiones separadas, homogéneos por sexo, con un total de 14 participantes. Un moderador dirigió la sesión contemplando las distintas dimensiones del problema. Los grupos fueron grabados en audio y transcritos textualmente. Se analizó el discurso por métodos cualitativos.Resultados: se observaron importantes diferencias en la perspectiva entre hombres y mujeres. Las causas autopercibidas de obesidad para las mujeres fueron el embarazo y el periodo menopáusico. Los hombres la atribuyeron a los hábitos alimenticios y costumbres culturales. Para los hombres la finalidad de disminuir el peso era mejorar su salud, sin embargo, las mujeres incluían también la estética. Ambos sexos pensaban que la obesidad puede acarrear grandes problemas. Ellas revelaron tener miedo a engordar, mientras que los hombres no lo expusieron. También se observaron diferencias en las estrategias de lucha contra la obesidad.Conclusiones: las diferencias en la percepción de las causas y el abordaje de la obesidad entre hombres y mujeres nos indican la necesidad de considerar las medidas preventivas y terapéuticas teniendo en cuenta el sexo, así como aspectos ambientales que envuelven al paciente.
Overall quality of dietary carbohydrate intake rather than total carbohydrate intake may determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
We examined 6- and 12-mo changes in carbohydrate quality ...index (CQI) and concurrent changes in several CVD risk factors in a multicenter, randomized, primary-prevention trial (PREDIMED-Plus) based on an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention program.
Prospective analysis of 5373 overweight/obese Spanish adults (aged 55–75 y) with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary intake information obtained from a validated 143-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to calculate 6- and 12-mo changes in CQI (categorized in quintiles), based on 4 criteria (total dietary fiber intake, glycemic index, whole grain/total grain ratio, and solid carbohydrate/total carbohydrate ratio). The outcomes were changes in intermediate markers of CVD.
During the 12-mo follow-up, the majority of participants improved their CQI by increasing their consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, and nuts and decreasing their consumption of refined cereals, added sugars, and sugar-sweetened beverages. After 6 mo, body weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride levels, triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, and TyG-WC decreased across successive quintiles of improvement in the CQI. After 12 mo, improvements were additionally observed for HDL cholesterol and for the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol. Favorable improvements (expressed in common units of SD and 95% CI) for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1 of CQI change were observed for most risk factors, including TyG-WC (SD −0.20; 95% CI −0.26, −0.15), HbA1c (SD −0.16; 95% CI −0.23, −0.10), weight (SD −0.12; 95% CI −0.14, −0.09), systolic BP (SD −0.11; 95% CI −0.19, −0.02) and diastolic BP (SD −0.11; 95% CI −0.19, −0.04).
Improvements in CQI were strongly associated with concurrent favorable CVD risk factor changes maintained over time in overweight/obese adults with MetS. This trial was registered as ISRCTN 89898870.
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