Both nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are disciplines that form part of what is known as Nutritional Genomics, which, in the widest sense, provides the framework for integrating different omics with ...food and nutrition sciences. After decades of nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies, there is a large enough amount of knowledge to consider its application in so-called precision nutrition. This new discipline seeks to take into account the particular characteristics of the individual in order to provide the best diet for preventing or treating a disease. Omic markers are considered to be of importance to that personalization. There are many foods, nutrients and dietary patterns that have been researched in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, including the Mediterranean Diet pattern. Despite heterogeneity in defining the Mediterranean Diet, there are various studies that show that the Mediterranean Diet can interact with the genome, so reducing the risk of disease in the most genetically susceptible individuals. Likewise, several studies have recently been revealing the mechanisms through which the Mediterranean Diet may exercise this protective effect. Understanding genetic susceptibility, epigenetic mechanisms, the influence of the metabolome and other omics in more detail may be important in gastronomy, understood as the practice of selecting, cooking and eating food. This omic influence can not only be found in health-disease phenotypes, but also in food taste and smell perception and preferences for certain dishes. Considering all of these together may contribute to an increase in enjoying and at the same time pursuing healthy eating.
Background: Dietary fat quality and fat replacement are more important for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention than is total dietary fat intake.
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the association ...between total fat intake and fat subtypes with the risk of CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes) and cardiovascular and all-cause death. We also examined the hypothetical effect of the isocaloric substitution of one macronutrient for another.
Design: We prospectively studied 7038 participants at high CVD risk from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study. The trial was conducted from 2003 to 2010, but the present analysis was based on an expanded follow-up until 2012. At baseline and yearly thereafter, total and specific fat subtypes were repeatedly measured by using validated food-frequency questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were used.
Results: After 6 y of follow-up, we documented 336 CVD cases and 414 total deaths. HRs (95% CIs) for CVD for those in the highest quintile of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake compared with those in the lowest quintile were 0.58 (0.39, 0.86), 0.50 (0.31, 0.81), and 0.68 (0.48, 0.96), respectively. In the comparison between extreme quintiles, higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) and trans-fat intakes were associated with 81% (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.13) and 67% (HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.57) higher risk of CVD. Inverse associations with all-cause death were also observed for PUFA and MUFA intakes. Isocaloric replacements of SFAs with MUFAs and PUFAs or trans fat with MUFAs were associated with a lower risk of CVD. SFAs from pastries and processed foods were associated with a higher risk of CVD.
Conclusions: Intakes of MUFAs and PUFAs were associated with a lower risk of CVD and death, whereas SFA and trans-fat intakes were associated with a higher risk of CVD. The replacement of SFAs with MUFAs and PUFAs or of trans fat with MUFAs was inversely associated with CVD. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN 35739639.
El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer la utilización de actividades de traducción en las aulas de clase para mejorar la comprensión lectora de textos especializados en inglés para estudiantes ...universitarios. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica que sustenten la utilización de la traducción, a su vez, se ha determinado a través de conceptos y definiciones las características de los textos especializados que los estudiantes deben comprender como parte de su actividad formativa. Por lo tanto, se determina que su uso es aconsejable.
although obesity is a multidimensional health problem, few qualitative research studies have analyzed the discourse of obese individuals from the gender perspective in order to better understand the ...hard come by information gathered from quantitative research.
to analyze the discourse of obese individuals in focus groups concerning factors underlying obesity, pathology risk perception, weight loss and other relevant factors.
two single-sex focus groups, with a total of 14 participants, were held in separate sessions. A moderator directed the session, addressing the different dimensions of the problem. The groups were recorded in audio and textually transcribed. The discourse was analyzed using qualitative methods.
important differences were observed between male and female perspectives. The self-perceived causes of obesity for women were pregnancy and menopause. Men attributed obesity to eating habits and cultural customs. For men, the final aim of reducing weight was to improve their health, whereas women also included aesthetics. Both sexes believe that obesity can lead to greater problems. Women expressed their fear of putting on weight, but men did not. Differences were also observed in the strategies adopted for combating obesity.
differences in the perception of the causes and how to tackle obesity between men and women show us the need to consider therapeutic and preventive measures that take gender into account, in addition to the environmental aspects surrounding the patient.
AbstractThe definition of a set of precursory safety metrics is critical to detect when an airspace is degrading in terms of safety and thus undesired effects are becoming more likely. Furthermore, ...safety metrics are paramount in the measurement of the impact of new operational procedures or technical improvements in the air traffic control system. The study presented in this paper introduces three safety metrics (reaction time performance indicator, time to closest point of approach performance indicator, and time to closest point of approach critical limit ratio) derived from a given airspace and a sizable, assorted traffic sample extracted from traffic surveillance track data. The metrics are used to characterize the airspace as a function of the safety outcome, which can be continuously overseen. The final goal of the safety metrics is to be used as an airspace safety warning system, where precursory metrics would signal the need to act to maintain the air traffic control system safety target in the face of operational, organizational, technical, or legal changes.
The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an indicator of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The aim of this study was to assess the association between PAD, measured with the ABI, and cognitive function in ...persons with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Cross-sectional study conducted with baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus study, which included 4898 participants (after exclusion of those without ABI measurements) aged between 55 and 75 years, and with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. At the baseline assessment, we measured the ABI with a standardized protocol and assessed the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors (eg, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension). Cognitive function was evaluated using several tests validated for the Spanish population (mini-mental state examination MMSE, phonological and semantic verbal fluency test, WAIS-III working memory index WMI, parts A and B of the trail making test (TMT), and clock drawing test). Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between the ABI and cognitive function.
Among the participants, 3.4% had PAD defined as ABI ≤ 0.9, and 3.3% had arterial calcification defined as ABI ≥ 1.4. PAD was associated with age, systolic blood pressure and obesity indicators, while arterial calcification was also associated with obesity and diabetes. No significant associations were observed between cognitive function and ABI or PAD.
In our sample, the presence of PAD increased with age, blood pressure, and obesity. No significant association was observed between ABI, PAD, or cognitive function.
El índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) es un indicador de enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la asociación entre la EAP medida con el ITB y el rendimiento cognitivo de individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad y síndrome metabólico.
Estudio transversal realizado con los datos basales del estudio PREDIMED-Plus, en el que se incluyó a un total de 4.898 participantes (tras excluir a aquellos sin medición de ITB) de entre 55 y 75 años, con sobrepeso u obesidad y síndrome metabólico. En la visita basal se midió el ITB según un protocolo estandarizado, así como otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (diabetes mellitus, dislipemia e hipertensión arterial, entre otros). Para la evaluación del rendimiento cognitivo, se aplicaron diferentes pruebas validadas en población española (Mini-mental Test, test de fluencia verbal semántica y fonológica, test de valoración de memoria de trabajo, test del trazo y test del reloj). Para evaluar la asociación entre el ITB y el rendimiento cognitivo, se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados.
El 3,4% de los participantes tenían EAP, definida por un ITB ≤ 0,9, y un 3,3%, calcificación arterial definida por un ITB ≥ 1,4. La EAP se asoció con la edad, la presión arterial sistólica y los indicadores de obesidad, mientras que la calcificación arterial se asoció también con obesidad y diabetes. Entre el rendimiento cognitivo y el ITB o la EAP, no se observaron asociaciones significativas.
En nuestra muestra la EAP aumenta con la edad, la presión arterial y los indicadores de obesidad. No se observa una asociación significativa entre el ITB, la EAP y el rendimiento cognitivo.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between the consumption of different categories of edible olive oils (virgin olive oils and olive oil) and olive pomace oil and ankle-brachial ...pressure index (ABI) in participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study, a trial of lifestyle modification for weight and cardiovascular event reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Consumption of any category of olive oil and olive pomace oil was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between olive oil consumption and ABI. Additionally, ABI ≤1 was considered as the outcome in logistic models with different categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil as exposure.
Among 4330 participants, the highest quintile of total olive oil consumption (sum of all categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil) was associated with higher mean values of ABI (beta coefficient: 0.014, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.002, 0.027) (p for trend = 0.010). Logistic models comparing the consumption of different categories of olive oils, olive pomace oil and ABI ≤1 values revealed an inverse association between virgin olive oils consumption and the likelihood of a low ABI (odds ratio OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97), while consumption of olive pomace oil was positively associated with a low ABI (OR 1.22 95% CI 1.00, 1.48).
In a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk, total olive oil consumption was associated with a higher mean ABI. These results suggest that olive oil consumption may be beneficial for peripheral artery disease prevention, but longitudinal studies are needed.
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•Total olive oil consumption is associated with a high ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) disease.•Virgin olive oils consumption is inversely associated with having ABI≤1.•Olive pomace oil consumption is positively associated with having ABI≤1.
Background
Diets high in acid load may contribute to kidney function impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary acid load and 1-year changes in glomerular filtration ...rate (eGFR) and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR).
Methods
Older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (mean age 65 ± 5 years, 48% women) from the PREDIMED-Plus study who had available data on eGFR (
n
= 5,874) or UACR (
n
= 3,639) at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up were included in this prospective analysis. Dietary acid load was estimated as potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) at baseline from a food frequency questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between baseline tertiles of dietary acid load and kidney function outcomes. One year-changes in eGFR and UACR were set as the primary outcomes. We secondarily assessed ≥ 10% eGFR decline or ≥10% UACR increase.
Results
After multiple adjustments, individuals in the highest tertile of PRAL or NEAP showed higher one-year changes in eGFR (PRAL, β: –0.64 ml/min/1.73 m
2
; 95% CI: –1.21 to –0.08 and NEAP, β: –0.56 ml/min/1.73 m
2
; 95% CI: –1.13 to 0.01) compared to those in the lowest category. No associations with changes in UACR were found. Participants with higher levels of PRAL and NEAP had significantly higher odds of developing ≥10% eGFR decline (PRAL, OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07–1.54 and NEAP, OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03–1.50) and ≥10 % UACR increase (PRAL, OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04–1.46) compared to individuals with lower dietary acid load.
Conclusions
Higher PRAL and NEAP were associated with worse kidney function after 1 year of follow-up as measured by eGFR and UACR markers in an older Spanish population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.
La motivación juega un papel de mucha importancia para lograr el desarrollo exitoso de las clases de inglés. Convirtiéndose en una necesidad pedagógica cuyo objetivo es exponer vías que motiven al ...docente de inglés al mejor ejercicio de su labor educativa, para que este a su vez utilice esa motivación como medio ineludible en el diseño de sus horas de clases estimuladoras basadas en la realidad de sus estudiantes. Por lo que el uso de técnicas fomente y contribuyan a elevar el grado de interés por lo novedoso en el área de enseñanza aprendizaje causando una actitud positiva de los docentes al momento de impartir las clases, por ende, la actitud de los estudiantes frente al idioma inglés.
Esta investigación tiene como finalidad mejorar la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes de tercer nivel de la Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, ...mediante el uso de la Web 2.0 como herramientas interactivas para el aprendizaje los estudiantes cuya necesidad es entender textos técnicos en ingles debido a su profesión y las demandas del mundo actual. En base a la investigación previa se evidencia que el nivel lector de los estudiantes no es óptimo. La realidad existente en este grupo refleja la falta de capacitación metodológica y poco uso de técnicas interactivas para la enseñanza aprendizaje por parte de los docentes. Esta investigación pretende que los docentes hagan uso de estas técnicas con sus estudiantes para obtener resultados positivos en la comprensión lectora con el objetivo de lograr un aprendizaje significativo a través de actividades en las que el estudiante está involucrado en todo momento. Existe una fuerte correlación entre la lectura y un buen desempeño académico. En otras palabras, un estudiante que lee es muy probable que tenga éxito escolar en comparación con un estudiante que no tiene hábitos de lectura.
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