Este trabalho apresenta resultados de investigação histórica sobre o processo de criação, instalação e extinção das escolas primárias superiores, em Portugal, durante a Primeira República. As ações ...do Grêmio dos Professores de Escolas Primárias Superiores pela sobrevivência dessas escolas foram tomadas como ponto de partida da investigação. Tais ações foram divulgadas no jornal O Ensino do Povo, órgão oficial da agremiação. Dada a especificidade desse tipo de fonte, fez-se necessário reconstruir a trajetória legal de tais escolas. Para tal reconstrução, realizou-se um exaustivo levantamento dos diplomas legislativos publicados sobre elas no Diário do Governo. A escrita da história aqui apresentada foi elaborada, de acordo com a expressão utilizada Thompson, no “diálogo com as evidências” encontradas ou produzidas na análise das fontes privilegiadas na pesquisa.
: Studies pertaining to the mechanical behavior of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) frequently found the highest tensile stress values at the connector region when load is applied at the pontic central ...region. The connector region is considered the weakest point of the prosthesis with the greatest potential of fractures, regardless of the material used. This 2D finite element study compared the stress distribution on three‐element all‐ceramic and metal‐ceramic FPDs with different loading conditions. Three FPD models were designed: (i) metal‐ceramic FPD; (ii) all‐ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal face; and (iii) all‐ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain on the occlusal and cervical face of the pontic. Loads of 100 N were applied following these simulations: (i) distributed on all working cusps; (ii) only on the abutment teeth; and (iii) only on the pontic. There is a significant change on the stress distribution and on the tensile stress values when the load configuration is changed. The stress distribution from the load applied on the abutments was significantly better compared with the other two load simulations. When the loads were applied on the pontic and distributed on all working cusps, the highest tensile stress values appeared on the cervical region of the connectors between the abutments and the pontic. However, when the load was applied on the abutment teeth, the maximum tensile stress value significantly decreased and was located on the occlusal region of the connectors. In fact, the load applied on the pontic region does not simulate the clinical situation. Studies using this load configuration have overestimated the connector regions as having the highest probability of failures.
This paper presents results of a historical research on organized action of teachers at the very end of the First Portuguese Republic. Guided by Norberto Bobbio's reflections on intellectuals and ...power, this paper highlights the work of teachers who starred in significant changes in the history of the curriculum of higher primary schools existing then in Portugal. Organized around a guild - Guild of Teachers of Higher Primary Schools, whose official organ was entitled O Ensino do Povo -, such teachers promoted a campaign in defense of the schools where they were teaching, in response to criticism and threats of extinction that hovered over them. Once completed the investigation, it was possible to say that the organized work of these teachers allowed for the promotion of education reforms, so to speak, "from bottom to up".
The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with infestation by Amblyomma cajennense on horses in two microregions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Horses on 62 farms in the ...municipalities of the Itaguaí and Serrana microregions were evaluated between January and May 2009. The animals were examined to determine the presence of ticks and infestation level. The animals' rearing and management were assessed on each farm property using an epidemiological questionnaire. Out of the 635 horses evaluated, 41.6% were infested with A. cajennense. It was observed that farms in low-altitude regions (OR=3.69; CI: 2.3-5.8), with unsatisfactory zootechnical and sanitary management (OR=5.92; CI: 3.8-9.2) and an extensive rearing system (OR=4.25; CI: 2.1-8.5) were factors associated with tick infestation (p < 0.05) and also with cases of high infestation on horses. Use of chemical acaricides on horses was also associated with infestation (p < 0.05); the owners described different therapeutic approaches with different treatment intervals. From the present study, low altitudes, unsatisfactory management, extensive rearing and inappropriate use of acaricide products were factors associated with occurrences of A. cajennense at different infestation levels on horses in these municipalities.
Este trabalho apresenta resultados de investigação histórica sobre circulação de modelos sociopedagógicos em Portugal no início do século XX Focaliza experiências, no campo da educação escolar, que ...foram veiculadas na imprensa pedagógica local direcionada aos professores do ensino primário Objetiva identificar as representações de escola que conformam tais experiências, bem como as que se depreendem dos comentários e análises daqueles que as deram a conhecer A análise restringiu-se à “Revista de Periódicos”, uma seção da revista Educação, que foi publicada pela Sociedade Promotora de Escolas, ao longo de 1913 A Redação dessa revista estava sob a responsabilidade de professores da Escola Oficina nº 1 de Lisboa, instituição criada em 1905 e mantida pela mesma Sociedade Dentre outras particularidades, essa escola reuniu alguns dos principais protagonistas dos movimentos políticos e sociais no início do século XX em Portugal, como maçons, republicanos e anarquistas
Purpose
Occlusal reduction is considered a fundamental step for providing adequate and uniform space for the ceramic prosthesis; however, a flat occlusal surface is usually found. The prosthesis ...design influences the resistance to deformation and the stress state within the ceramic. This finite element (FE) study analyzes the influence of changing the substructure design on the stress distribution of a metal‐ceramic crown in a premolar tooth with three types of occlusal reduction.
Materials and Methods
Each part of three‐dimensional metal ceramic complete crown models was designed according to the space provided by different levels of occlusal reduction and the same external morphology of the tooth. Three models were designed: (1) correct occlusal reduction with a uniform thickness of the substructure (0.3 mm) and the veneering porcelain (1.5 mm); (2) flat occlusal reduction with different thicknesses of veneering porcelain to produce a uniform substructure; and (3) a flat occlusal reduction with different thicknesses of substructure for a uniform thickness of veneering porcelain.
Results
Stress distributions were very similar in the three models. The highest tensile stresses were concentrated immediately below the midline fissure in both the veneering porcelain and the metal alloy substructure. Although models with flat occlusal reduction had lower stress values, this preparation results from a reduction that removes a greater amount of sound tissue, which may increase the probability of dental pulp injury.
Conclusions
Occlusal reduction must be anatomic; however, when a flat occlusal reduction already exists, the substructure must reproduce the correct anatomic form to allow a uniform thickness of the veneering porcelain.
All-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have an esthetic approach for oral rehabilitation. However, metal-ceramic FPDs are best indicated in the posterior area where the follow-up studies found a ...lower failure rate. This 2D finite element study compared the stress distribution on 3-unit all-ceramic and metal-ceramic FPDs and identified the areas of major risk of failure. Three FPD models were designed: (1) metal-ceramic FPD; (2) All-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain on the occlusal and cervical surface of the abutment tooth; (3) All-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal surface. A 100 N load was applied in an area of 0.5 mm(2) on the working cusps, following these simulations: (1) on the abutment teeth and the pontic; (2) only on the abutment teeth; and (3) only on the pontic. Relative to the maximum stress values found for the physiological load, all-ceramic FPD with only occlusal veneering porcelain produced the lowest stress value (220 MPa), followed by all-ceramic FPD with cervical veneering porcelain (322 MPa) and metal-ceramic FPD (387 MPa). The stress distribution of the load applied on the abutments was significantly better compared to the other two load simulations. The highest principal stress values were low and limited in a small area for the three types of models under this load. When the load was applied on the pontic, the highest stress values appeared on the connector areas between the abutments and pontic. In conclusion, the best stress values and distribution were found for the all-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal surface. However, in under clinical conditions, fatigue conditions and restoration defects must be considered.
Resumo Fundamento Poucos estudos já examinaram a relação do nível habitual de atividade física e a modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA) na qualidade do sono de fumantes. Objetivos O objetivo ...deste estudo foi identificar alterações na qualidade do sono de fumantes e sua relação com nível habitual de atividade física e modulação do SNA. Métodos Um total de 42 fumantes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o 50º percentil de atividade física de moderada a vigorosa (AFMV). A qualidade do sono foi avaliada utilizando-se o Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (mini questionário do sono), e a modulação do SNA foi avaliada por índices de variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC). Para a análise de possíveis diferenças de média, foi utilizada a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) para ajuste de idade, gênero, composição corporal, maços-ano, betabloqueadores, ansiedade, e depressão, em log base 10, exceto por dados qualitativos, tais como gênero e betabloqueadores. Foram estabelecidas correlações utilizando-se a correlação de postos de Spearman. A significância estatística foi definida em 5%. Resultados Os fumantes que eram menos ativos demonstraram pior qualidade do sono (p=0,048) e insônia (p=0,045). Além disso, o grupo menos ativo apresentou redução na modulação parassimpática HF (un; p=0,049); RMSSD (ms; p=0,047) e SD1 (ms; p=0,047) e aumento do índice de LF (un) index (p=0,033) e razão LF/HF (p=0,040). Houve correlação positiva entre a pontuação total no Mini-sleep com o índice de LF (un) (r=0,317, p=0,041) e razão LF/HF (r=0,318, p=0,040) e correlação negativa com o índice de HF (un) (r= -0,322, p=0,038). Conclusões Fumantes com baixo nível de atividade física habitual apresentaram baixa qualidade do sono e alterações na modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; online.ahead print, PP.0-0)
This article presents results of the analysis of a bulletin published in Lisbon in 1918, named Boletim daEscola-Oficina Nº. 1. The school that nominates this journal was created in 1905 and belonged ...to the Societyfor Promoting Schools, a Republican Masonic institution. The presence of libertarian teachers – as AdolfoLima, Emilio Costa and Deolinda Lopes (Pinto Quartim), among others – in the faculty of that school, twoyears after its opening, resulted in a “true and silent revolution in the field of school education,” according toAntónio Candeias (1994), one of the Portuguese scholars of that subject. These teachers were considered themain responsible for a new form of educating, based on the knowledge and practices of libertarian inspiration.For these reasons, the Boletim da Escola-Oficina Nº.1 has become an object of research and a source offundamental importance for the knowledge of some of the practices of that singular school, despite havingbeen published for only one year, between January and December 1918.
Este artigo apresenta resultados da análise de um boletim publicado em Lisboa, em 1918, denominado Boletim da Escola-Oficina Nº. 1. A escola, que nomeia este periódico, foi criada em 1905 e pertencia à Sociedade Promotora de Escolas, uma instituição maçônica republicana. A presença de professores libertários – como Adolfo Lima, Emílio Costa e Deolinda Lopes Vieira (Pinto Quartim), dentre outros – no corpo docente dessa escola, dois anos após a sua abertura, resultou numa “verdadeira revolução silenciosa no campo da educação escolar”, na avaliação de António Candeias (1994), um dos principais estudiosos portugueses do assunto. Esses professores teriam sido os principais responsáveis por uma nova forma de educar, orientada por saberes e práticas de inspiração libertária. Por essas razões, o Boletim da Escola-Oficina Nº. 1 fez-se objeto e fonte de fundamental importância para o conhecimento de algumas das práticas dessa singular instituição de ensino, apesar de ter sido editado por apenas um ano, entre janeiro e dezembro de 1918.
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