Increased thyroid hormone (TH) levels are known to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Some studies have provided evidence for a functional link between angiotensin II (ANG II) and transforming growth factor ...beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the heart, both being able to also induce cardiac hypertrophy. However, the contribution of this growth factor activated directly by TH or indirectly by ANG II in cardiac hypertrophy development remains unknown. To analyze the possible role of TGF-beta1 in cardiac hypertrophy induced by TH and also to evaluate if the TGF-beta1 effect is mediated by ANG II receptors, we employed Wistar rats separated into control, hypothyroid (hypo) and hyperthyroid (T4 - 10) groups combined or not with ANG II receptor blockers (losartan or PD123319). Serum levels of T3 and T4, systolic pressure and heart rate confirmed the thyroid state of the groups. The T4 - 10 group presented a significant increase in cardiac TGF-beta1 levels; however, TGF-beta1 levels in the hypo group did not change in relation to the control. Inhibition of the increase in cardiac TGF-beta1 levels was observed in the groups treated with T4 in association with losartan or PD123319 when compared to the T4 - 10 group. These results demonstrate for the first time the TH-modulated induction of cardiac TGF-beta1 in cardiac hypertrophy, and that this effect is mediated by ANG II receptors.
Increased thyroid hormone (TH) levels are known to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Some studies have provided evidence for a functional link between angiotensin II (ANG II) and transforming growth factor ...β1 (TGF-β1) in the heart, both being able to also induce cardiac hypertrophy. However, the contribution of this growth factor activated directly by TH or indirectly by ANG II in cardiac hypertrophy development remains unknown. To analyze the possible role of TGF-β1 in cardiac hypertrophy induced by TH and also to evaluate if the TGF-β1 effect is mediated by ANG II receptors, we employed Wistar rats separated into control, hypothyroid (hypo) and hyperthyroid (T4-10) groups combined or not with ANG II receptor blockers (losartan or PD123319). Serum levels of T3 and T4, systolic pressure and heart rate confirmed the thyroid state of the groups. The T4-10 group presented a significant increase in cardiac TGF-β1 levels; however, TGF-β1 levels in the hypo group did not change in relation to the control. Inhibition of the increase in cardiac TGF-β1 levels was observed in the groups treated with T4 in association with losartan or PD123319 when compared to the T4-10 group. These results demonstrate for the first time the TH-modulated induction of cardiac TGF-β1 in cardiac hypertrophy, and that this effect is mediated by ANG II receptors.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Summary We are presenting the morphological features of 121 cases of atypical penile intraepithelial lesions. The term penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) was used to encompass all of them, and ...lesions were classified into 2 major groups, differentiated and undifferentiated. The latter was further divided in warty, basaloid, and warty-basaloid subtypes. Ninety-five cases were associated with invasive squamous cell carcinomas. Differentiated lesions predominated (68%), followed by warty-basaloid (14%), basaloid (11%), and warty (7%) subtypes. Multifocality was found in 15% of the cases. Differentiated lesions were preferentially located in foreskin, whereas warty and/or basaloid subtypes were more prevalent in the glans. The former lesions were preferentially seen in association with keratinizing variants of squamous carcinoma, whereas the latter subtypes were found mostly in conjunction with invasive warty, basaloid, and warty-basaloid carcinomas. Lichen sclerosus was present in 51% of cases of differentiated lesions and absent in warty and/or basaloid subtypes. In summary, PeIN can be classified into 4 distinctive morphological subtypes. The proper pathological characterization of these lesions may provide important clues to the understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of penile cancer.
Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) ...and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network MASK) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.
Odoribacter splanchnicus
, belonging to the order Bacteroidales, is a common, short-chain fatty acid producing member of the human intestinal microbiota. A decreased abundance of
Odoribacter
has been ...linked to different microbiota-associated diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The type strain of
O. splanchnicus
has been genome-sequenced, but otherwise very little is known about this anaerobic bacterium. The species surfaces in many microbiota studies and, consequently, comprehension on its interactions with the host is needed. In this study, we isolated a novel strain of
O. splanchnicus
from a healthy fecal donor, identified it by genome sequencing and addressed its adhesive, epithelium reinforcing and immunoregulatory properties. Our results show that
O. splanchnicus
strain 57 is non-adherent to enterocytes or mucus, does not reinforce nor compromise Caco-2 monolayer integrity and most likely harbors penta-acylated, less endotoxic lipid A as part of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure based on the lack of gene
lpxM
and
in vitro
results on low-level NF-κB activity. The studies by transmission electron microscopy revealed that
O. splanchnicus
produces outer membrane vesicles (OMV).
O. splanchnicus
cells, culture supernatant i.e., spent medium or OMVs did not induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) response in HT-29 enterocyte cells suggesting a very low proinflammatory capacity. On the contrary, the treatment of HT-29 cells with
O. splanchnicus
cells, spent medium or OMVs prior to exposure to
Escherichia coli
LPS elicited a significant decrease in IL-8 production as compared to
E. coli
LPS treatment alone. Moreover,
O. splanchnicus
spent supernatant induced IL-10 production by immune cells, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. Our
in vitro
findings indicate that
O. splanchnicus
and its effector molecules transported in OMVs could potentially exert anti-inflammatory action in the gut epithelium. Taken together,
O. splanchnicus
seems to be a commensal with a primarily beneficial interaction with the host.
Cohort Profile: The 100 Million Brazilian Cohort Barreto, Mauricio L; Ichihara, Maria Yury; Pescarini, Julia M ...
International journal of epidemiology,
05/2022, Letnik:
51, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recent research has found that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is an important transdiagnostic process both in adult and child psychopathology. This finding has led some authors to design ...content-independent measures of RNT that can be administered across disorders. One of these instruments is the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) and its version for children (PTQ-C). This study presents the Spanish translation of the PTQ-C and its psychometric analysis in a sample of 1,127 Colombian children and adolescents (8-18 years old). All items obtained good discrimination indexes, and internal consistency was excellent (.93). A cross-validation study was conducted to analyze the factor structure of the PTQ-C, which strongly supported the one-factor structure. Measurement invariances across gender and age-group (8-12 and 13-18 years old) were also found. The PTQ-C scores for older boys were lower than for younger boys, whereas the inverse pattern was found for girls. The PTQ-C showed strong correlations with measures of pathological worry, emotional symptoms, and psychological inflexibility. In conclusion, the Spanish translation of the PTQ-C appears to be a valid and reliable measure of RNT.
The herbal Espinheira Santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) can ingested in capsules for treatment of injuries from digestive tract, such as gastritis. However, the large amount of drug administered dose ...medication adherence difficult, so this study sought an alternative by formulating effervescent granules facilitating drug intake. The obtained granules made by wet and effervescent mixture of citric acid, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate at different concentrations, totaling eight formulations, in addition to lactose as diluent and disintegrant in the composition. The granules were produced in sizes from 1 and 2mm. Rheological tests were compared against the dry extract, analyzed the average particle sizes of beads, mapped its surface by scanning electron microscopy and evaluated their behavior effervescent. The flow properties of the granules showed better values than the dry extract. The co-processed formulations showed average particle sizes distributed closed, where 1mm time effervescence had smaller, respecting all formulations, pharmacopeial limits of maximum 5 minutes. The preparation of effervescent granules Espinheira Santa proved to be a good alternativel, once that have easy preparation, low cost, excellent flow and rapid disintegration. Keywords: Espinheira Santa, effervescent granules, dry extract.
The herbal Espinheira Santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) can ingested in capsules for treatment of injuries from digestive tract, such as gastritis. However, the large amount of drug administered dose ...medication adherence difficult, so this study sought an alternative by formulating effervescent granules facilitating drug intake. The obtained granules made by wet and effervescent mixture of citric acid, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate at different concentrations, totaling eight formulations, in addition to lactose as diluent and disintegrant in the composition. The granules were produced in sizes from 1 and 2mm. Rheological tests were compared against the dry extract, analyzed the average particle sizes of beads, mapped its surface by scanning electron microscopy and evaluated their behavior effervescent. The flow properties of the granules showed better values than the dry extract. The co-processed formulations showed average particle sizes distributed closed, where 1mm time effervescence had smaller, respecting all formulations, pharmacopeial limits of maximum 5 minutes. The preparation of effervescent granules Espinheira Santa proved to be a good alternativel, once that have easy preparation, low cost, excellent flow and rapid disintegration.Keywords: Espinheira Santa, effervescent granules, dry extract.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving aggregation of misfolded proteins inside the neuron causing prolonged cellular stress. The neuropathological hallmarks of ...AD include the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in specific brain regions that lead to synaptic loss and neuronal death. The exact mechanism of neuron dysfunction in AD remains obscure. In recent years, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction has been implicated in neuronal degeneration seen in AD. Apart from AD, many other diseases also involve misfolded proteins aggregations in the ER, a condition referred to as ER stress. The response of the cell to ER stress is to activate a group of signaling pathways called unfolded protein response (UPR) that stimulates a particular transcriptional program to restore ER function and ensure cell survival. ER stress also involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, together with mitochondrial ROS and decreased effectiveness of antioxidant mechanisms, producing a condition of chronic oxidative stress. The unfolded proteins may not always produce a response that leads to the restoration of cellular functions, but they may also lead to inflammation by a set of different pathways with deleterious consequences. In this review, we extensively discuss the role of ER stress and how to target it using different pharmacological approaches in AD development and onset.
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