Tradicionalmente agricultores familiares de Neuquén (Argentina) cultivan quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), el estudio pone en valor un material genético de quínoa en Varvarco. Se identificaron y ...entrevistaron a las familias guardianas de las semillas de quínoa; se realizaron observaciones del cultivo in situ y se validó la información en talleres con la comunidad. Los resultados mostraron que la quínoa forma parte del patrimonio histórico y cultural de Varvarco ya que contribuyó a la seguridad alimentaria en épocas de crisis económicas producto de distintos eventos históricos que afectaron económica y culturalmente al norte neuquino. Lleva al menos 90 años en la zona, el ciclo de cultivo es de noviembre a marzo, con características fenotípicas y de manejo similares a los materiales del Centro de Chile. El estudio mejora el conocimiento el comportamiento de la quínoa local para adaptar los calendarios, formas de manejo del cultivo, suelo y sanidad en otros agroecosistemas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Local IgE in non-allergic rhinitis Campo, P.; Rondón, C.; Gould, H. J. ...
Clinical and experimental allergy,
20/May , Letnik:
45, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary
Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is characterized by the presence of a nasal Th2 inflammatory response with local production of specific IgE antibodies and a positive response to a nasal ...allergen provocation test (NAPT) without evidence of systemic atopy. The prevalence has been shown to be up to 25% in subjects affected with rhinitis with persistence, comorbidity and evolution similar to allergic rhinitis. LAR is a consistent entity that does not evolve to allergic rhinitis with systemic atopy over time although patients have significant impairment in quality of life and increase in the severity of nasal symptoms over time. Lower airways can be also involved. The diagnosis of LAR is based mostly on demonstration of positive response to NAPT and/or local synthesis of specific IgE. Allergens involved include seasonal or perennial such as house dusts mites, pollens, animal epithelia, moulds (alternaria) and others. Basophils from peripheral blood may be activated by the involved allergens suggesting the spill over of locally synthesized specific IgE to the circulation. LAR patients will benefit from the same treatment as allergic patients using antihistamines, inhaled corticosteroids and IgE antagonists. Studies on immunotherapy are ongoing and will determine its efficacy in LAR in terms of symptoms improvement and evolution of the natural course of the disease.
Nonallergic rhinitis and lower airway disease Rondón, C.; Bogas, G.; Barrionuevo, E. ...
Allergy,
January 2017, 2017-Jan, 2017-01-00, 20170101, Letnik:
72, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the past years, several investigators have demonstrated the existence of local nasal responses in some patients with typical allergic rhinitis symptoms but without atopy and have defined a new ...phenotype called local allergic rhinitis (LAR) or ‘entopy’. In a percentage of LAR subjects, the upper airway disease is also associated with lower airway symptoms. After the description of this phenotype, the differential diagnosis between LAR and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) has become a challenge for the clinician. To correctly identify LAR patients is of high importance for treatment and management of these patients, and for an appropriate inclusion of patients in clinical trials and genetics studies. The treatment of LAR patients, in contrast with NAR, is oriented to allergen avoidance and specific treatment. Allergen immunotherapy, the aetiological treatment for allergic respiratory diseases, has demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment in LAR, increasing immunological tolerance, and reducing the clinical symptoms and the use of medication. In this article, the important and novel aspects of LAR in terms of mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment will be discussed. Also, the involvement of the lower airway and the potential role of IgE in the bronchial disease will be also reviewed.
Background
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequent triggers of drug hypersensitivity with NSAIDs‐induced urticaria/angioedema (NIUA) the most common phenotype. Loss of ...hypersensitivity has been reported for IgE‐mediated reactions; however, it has not been assessed in nonimmunological reactions such as NIUA. We evaluated NSAID‐hypersensitivity over time in NIUA patients.
Methods
Patients confirmed as NIUA by positive drug provocation test (DPT) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) during 2005‐2012 (V1) were included (n=38). Subjects were prospectively re‐evaluated by DPT with ASA/other NSAIDs at two time points between 2013 and 2015 (V2 and V3). Atopy was assessed by skin prick test (SPT) using inhalant and food allergens.
Results
Patients were evaluated at V1 and re‐evaluated after 60 months (V2; IR:48‐81) and a further 18 months (V3; IR:14‐24). At V2, the majority (24; 63.15%) tolerated ASA and other NSAIDs (Group A) while 14 (36.84%) still reacted (Group B). At V3, all Group A patients remained tolerant; all Group B patients remained hypersensitive. The number of previous episodes reported at V1 and the percentage of reactions induced by ASA/ibuprofen were significantly lower in Group A (P=.005 and P=.006, respectively). Group A patients developed tolerance 72 months (IR:45‐87) after their last evaluated reaction (V1); this interval was shorter in nonatopics (P=.003), patients who experienced reactions over 1 hour after NSAIDs administration (P=.001), and those who experienced isolated urticaria after NSAID intake (P=.024).
Conclusions
NIUA patients may develop tolerance to NSAIDs over time, a process that seems to be influenced by atopy and type of clinical reaction.
Summary
Objective
To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro responses to nOle e 1 in allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) patients sensitized to olive tree pollen (OL) confirmed by ...nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT).
Methods
Twelve subjects with AR, 12 with LAR and 12 subjects as control group (CG) were selected. Skin testing and NAPT with nOle e 1 were performed. Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and tryptase were measured in nasal lavages before and after NAPT. Serum IgE to OL allergens was measured by ELISA. Basophil activation tests (BAT) with OL and nOle e 1 and dendritic cell maturation/proliferation studies were carried out.
Results
All AR (12/12) and 10/12 (83%) of LAR had a +NAPT to nOle e 1. ECP levels in nasal lavages were significantly increased after NAPT in both AR and LAR compared with CG at 15 min (P < 0.05). Serum IgE was positive only in AR. All AR had +BAT responses to OL and 10/12 to nOle e 1 (83%); 8/12 LAR (66.6%) had a +BAT to OL and 4/12 (33%) to nOle e 1, with only one subject of the CG with a +BAT to both OL and nOle e 1 (8%). Dendritic cell proliferation to nOle e 1 was increased in AR compared to LAR and CG (P = 0.019 and P = 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Both AR and LAR had a similar in vivo response to nOle e 1 with release of inflammatory mediators. Specific basophil activation with OL and nOle e 1 was observed in LAR confirming previous data obtained with dust mites.
Hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDRs) vary over time in frequency, drugs involved, and clinical entities. Specific reactions are mediated by IgE, other antibody isotypes (IgG or IgM), and T cells. ...Nonspecific HDRs include those caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). beta-Lactams--the most important of which are amoxicillin and clavulanic acid--are involved in specific immunological mechanisms. Fluoroquinolones (mainly moxifloxacin, followed by ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) can also induce HDRs mediated by IgE and T cells. In the case of radio contrast media, immediate reactions have decreased, while nonimmediate reactions, mediated by T cells, have increased. There has been a substantial rise in hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotics and latex in perioperative allergic reactions to anesthetics. NSAIDs are the most frequent drugs involved in HDRs. Five well-defined clinical entities, the most common of which is NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema, have been proposed in a new consensus classification. Biological agents are proteins including antibodies that have been humanized in order to avoid adverse reactions. Reactions can be mediated by IgE or T cells or they may be due to an immunological imbalance. Chimeric antibodies are still in use and may have epitopes that are recognized by the immune system, resulting in allergic reactions.
Suspicion of an acute allergic reaction is a common reason for attending the emergency department (ED). However, there are few comparisons between the initial diagnosis of suspected allergic reaction ...made in the ED with the definitive diagnosis made subsequently in the allergy department (AD). Objective: To compare details of the initial diagnosis made in the ED relating to allergy with the final diagnosis made in the AD.
Patients attending the ED of 2 hospitals with suspected allergic reactions were prospectively enrolled based on key words. A certified allergy specialist reviewed the ED records of these patients and, if these were suggestive of an allergic reaction, the patients were scheduled for further evaluation at the allergy clinic.
In total, 2000 patients were enrolled between April 2013 and October 2015. Of these, 1333 passed the initial assessment and underwent further evaluation. Of the 1333 patients, 528 underwent an allergological study, and 206 were confirmed as being allergic. With respect to drug allergy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most common triggers, followed by β-lactams; in food allergy, plant-based foods were the most common. Only 16.4% of patients confirmed as having anaphylaxis in the AD were initially diagnosed with the condition in the ED.
Of the 528 patients who finally underwent the full allergological study, fewer than half were confirmed as allergic. Moreover, anaphylaxis appears to be underdiagnosed in the ED. Better communication between the ED and the AD is necessary to improve the diagnosis and management of these patients.
Summary
Hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDRs) encompass a wide spectrum of unpredictable clinical entities. They represent an important health problem, affecting people of all ages, and lead to a ...large strain on the public health system. Here, we summarize experiments that use high‐throughput genomics technologies to investigate HDRs. We also introduce the field of systems biology as a relatively recent discipline concerned with the integration and analysis of high‐throughput data sets such as DNA microarrays and next‐generation sequencing data. We describe previous studies that have applied systems biology techniques to related fields such as allergy and asthma. Finally, we present a number of potential applications of systems biology to the study of HDRs, in order to make the reader aware of the types of analyses that can be performed and the insights that can be gained through their application.
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