Highlights • Antibiotics are used extensively in the swine industry. • Pigs can be a source of antibiotic resistant organisms that impact on human health. • Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) ...producing bacteria are an increasing problem. • Resistance genes on plasmids enhance transmissibility of ESBLs. • Antibiotic resistant strains of zoonotic organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus suis are of concern.
Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, dose‐limiting side effect of many chemotherapeutic agents. Although many therapies have been investigated for the prevention and/or ...treatment of CIPN, there is no well‐accepted proven therapy. In addition, there is no universally accepted, well‐validated measure for the assessment of CIPN. The agents for which there are the strongest preliminary data regarding their potential efficacy in preventing CIPN are intravenous calcium and magnesium (Ca/Mg) infusions and glutathione. Agents with the strongest supporting evidence for efficacy in the treatment of CIPN include topical pain relievers, such as baclofen/amitriptyline/ketamine gel, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. Other promising therapies are also reviewed in this paper. Cutaneous electrostimulation is a nonpharmacological therapy that appears, from an early pilot trial, to be potentially effective in the treatment of CIPN. Finally, there is a lack of evidence of effective treatments for the paclitaxel acute pain syndrome (P‐APS), which appears to be caused by neurologic injury.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011) 90 3, 377–387. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.115
Anthropogenic climate change has shifted the biogeography and phenology of many terrestrial and marine species.Marine phytoplankton communities appear sensitive to climate change, yet understanding ...of how individual species may respond to anthropogenic climate change remains limited. Here, using historical environmental and phytoplankton observations, we characterize the realized ecological niches for 87 North Atlantic diatom and dinoflagellate taxa and project changes in species biogeography between mean historical (1951–2000) and future (2051–2100) ocean conditions. We find that the central positions of the core range of 74% of taxa shift poleward at a median rate of 12.9 km per decade (km·dec−1), and 90% of taxa shift eastward at a median rate of 42.7 km·dec−1. The poleward shift is faster than previously reported for marine taxa, and the predominance of longitudinal shifts is driven by dynamic changes in multiple environmental drivers, rather than a strictly poleward, temperature-driven redistribution of ocean habitats. A century of climate change significantly shuffles community composition by a basin-wide median value of 16%, compared with seasonal variations of 46%. The North Atlantic phytoplankton community appears poised for marked shift and shuffle, which may have broad effects on food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
Marine phytoplankton generate half of global primary production, making them essential to ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. Though phytoplankton are phylogenetically diverse, studies ...rarely designate unique thermal traits to different taxa, resulting in coarse representations of phytoplankton thermal responses. Here we assessed phytoplankton functional responses to temperature using empirically derived thermal growth rates from four principal contributors to marine productivity: diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and coccolithophores. Using modeled sea surface temperatures for 1950-1970 and 2080-2100, we explored potential alterations to each group's growth rates and geographical distribution under a future climate change scenario. Contrary to the commonly applied Eppley formulation, our data suggest phytoplankton functional types may be characterized by different temperature coefficients (Q
), growth maxima thermal dependencies, and thermal ranges which would drive dissimilar responses to each degree of temperature change. These differences, when applied in response to global simulations of future temperature, result in taxon-specific projections of growth and geographic distribution, with low-latitude coccolithophores facing considerable decreases and cyanobacteria substantial increases in growth rates. These results suggest that the singular effect of changing temperature may alter phytoplankton global community structure, owing to the significant variability in thermal response between phytoplankton functional types.
Control-based continuation is a recently developed approach for testing nonlinear dynamic systems in a controlled manner and exploring their dynamic features as system parameters are varied. In this ...paper, control-based continuation is adapted to follow the locus where system response and excitation are in quadrature, extracting the backbone curve of the underlying conservative system. The method is applied to a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator under base excitation, and the results are compared with the standard resonant-decay method.
In the twenty-first century, humanity faces both unprecedented existential threats and remarkable possibilities for development. While no one knows how things will unfold by century’s end, it is ...increasingly clear that religion will play a major role in shaping the outcomes, for better or worse. In Better Religion , philosopher and religion scholar John Barton explores how grassroots interreligious peacebuilding can help ensure the better. More specifically, the book argues that for religion’s better to be realized, interreligious peacebuilding must honor and directly engage religious differences. This challenges a common assumption that religious differences inevitably lead to hostilities and must therefore be minimized or functionally neutralized for collaborative peacebuilding to be possible. Better Religion explains why such assumptions are misguided and charts a more realistic and hopeful way forward. Using a blend of data analysis, theoretical models, and real-life anecdotes, the book makes sense of global religious diversity and projects the possibilities of peacebuilding across even the most irreconcilable of differences. Written for academic and professional audiences, this conceptual primer will equip readers to understand religion in the twenty-first century and pursue constructive collaborations for human flourishing, all for the sake of the world we currently share and the world we want our grandchildren to inherit.
We propose a new hybrid modelling approach that combines a mechanistic model with a machine-learnt model to predict the limit cycle oscillations of physical systems with a Hopf bifurcation. The ...mechanistic model is an ordinary differential equation normal-form model capturing the bifurcation structure of the system. A data-driven mapping from this model to the experimental observations is then identified based on experimental data using machine learning techniques. The proposed method is first demonstrated numerically on a Van der Pol oscillator and a three-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic model. It is then applied to model the behaviour of a physical aeroelastic structure exhibiting limit cycle oscillations during wind tunnel tests. The method is shown to be general, data-efficient and to offer good accuracy without any prior knowledge about the system other than its bifurcation structure.
This paper extends the recently developed methodology for model selection and parameter identification called RL-ABC (Ritto et al., 2022) (reinforced learning and approximate Bayesian computation) to ...time-varying systems. To tackle slowly-varying systems and detect abrupt changes, new features are proposed. (1) The probability of sampling the worst model has now a lower bound; because it cannot disappear, once it might be useful in the future as the system evolves. (2) A memory term (sliding window) is introduced such that past data can be forgotten whilst updating the reward; which might be useful depending on how fast the system changes. (3) The algorithm detects a change in the system by monitoring the models’ acceptance; a significant drop in acceptance indicates a change. If the system changes the algorithm is reset: new parameter ranges are computed and the rewards are restarted. To test the proposed strategy, new experimental data is obtained from a test rig with non-linear restoring force characteristics. The amplitude of the dynamical experiment is obtained with the control-based continuation strategy varying the excitation amplitude, and three Duffing-like models are used to represent the system. The results are consistent, and the strategy is able to detect changes and update parameter estimation and model predictions.
Identifying the significance of nonlinear normal modes Hill, T. L.; Cammarano, A.; Neild, S. A. ...
Proceedings of the Royal Society. A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences,
03/2017, Letnik:
473, Številka:
2199
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) are widely used as a tool for understanding the forced responses of nonlinear systems. However, the contemporary definition of an NNM also encompasses a large number of ...dynamic behaviours which are not observed when a system is forced and damped. As such, only a few NNMs are required to understand the forced dynamics. This paper firstly demonstrates the complexity that may arise from the NNMs of a simple nonlinear system—highlighting the need for a method for identifying the significance of NNMs. An analytical investigation is used, alongside energy arguments, to develop an understanding of the mechanisms that relate the NNMs to the forced responses. This provides insight into which NNMs are pertinent to understanding the forced dynamics, and which may be disregarded. The NNMs are compared with simulated forced responses to verify these findings.
It is well known that many of the nighttime acquisitions of the L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) instrument over equatorial ...regions show significant distortions of the image amplitude information. These distortions have the form of amplitude stripes that are roughly aligned with the local geomagnetic field. While ionospheric scintillation has been identified as the source of these distortions, the exact nature of the induced artifacts on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image quality and SAR signal phase has not yet been studied in sufficient detail. Hence, this paper provides a quantitative analysis of equatorial scintillation effects on SAR image quality and SAR phase. We have performed a statistical analysis of ALOS PALSAR images over equatorial regions to describe the observed distortions and relate them to ionospheric parameters. An ionospheric simulator was developed and validated that is capable of simulating ionospheric distortions based on ionospheric scintillation parameters. Using this simulator, we found that ionospheric scintillation in the equatorial zone can cause significant distortions of SAR image amplitudes, image focus, and SAR signal phase. We determined threshold ionospheric environmental conditions that lead to the formation of these image distortions. Based on these thresholds, we quantified the likelihood of occurrence of ionospheric distortions for the global equatorial belt and for L-band sensors ALOS PALSAR, ALOS-2 PALSAR-2, and NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR).
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