Work of the Mental Health Act Commission Curtis, David; Bass, Nick; Cobb, Andrew ...
Psychiatric bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,
06/1998, Letnik:
22, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Markers for X chromosome loci were used in linkage studies of a large group of small families (n = 126) with at least two schizophrenic members in one sibship. Based on the hypothesis that a gene for ...schizophrenia could be X-Y linked, with homologous loci on both X and Y, our analyses included all families regardless of the pattern of familial inheritance. Lod scores were computed with both standard X-linked and a novel X-Y model, and sib-pair analyses were performed for all markers examining the sharing of maternal alleles. Small positive lod scores were obtained for loci pericentromeric, from Xp11.4 to Xq12. Lod scores were also computed separately in families selected for evidence of maternal inheritance and absence of male to male transmission of psychosis. The lod score for linkage to the locus DXS7 reached a maximum of 1.83 at 0.08% recombination, assuming dominant inheritance on the X chromosome in these families (n = 34). Further investigation of the X-Y homologous gene hypothesis focussing on this region is warranted.
Age of onset in familial schizophrenia DeLisi, L E; Bass, N; Boccio, A ...
Archives of general psychiatry,
04/1994, Letnik:
51, Številka:
4
Journal Article
In this large randomized trial (SYNTAX), patients with three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to undergo revascularization by means of either percutaneous coronary ...intervention (PCI) involving drug-eluting stents or coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG). The need for repeat revascularization was lower, but the risk of stroke was higher, with CABG than with PCI. This tradeoff needs to be considered in making decisions about the treatment of patients with advanced coronary disease.
Patients with severe coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to undergo revascularization by means of either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG). The need for repeat revascularization was lower, but the risk of stroke was higher, with CABG than with PCI.
Coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) was introduced in 1968 and rapidly became the standard of care for symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease.
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Advances in coronary surgery (e.g., off-pump CABG, smaller incisions, enhanced myocardial preservation, use of arterial conduits, and improved postoperative care) have reduced morbidity, mortality, and rates of graft occlusion.
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–
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Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was introduced in 1977.
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Experience with this approach, coupled with improved technology, has made it possible to treat increasingly complex lesions and patients with a history of clinically significant cardiac disease, risk factors for coronary artery disease, coexisting conditions, or anatomical risk factors.
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, . . .
Some RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) discriminate viral and cellular dsRNA by their termini, and
Dicer-2 (dmDcr-2) differentially processes dsRNA with blunt or 2 nucleotide 3'-overhanging termini. We ...investigated the transient kinetic mechanism of the dmDcr-2 reaction using a rapid reaction stopped-flow technique and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Indeed, we found that ATP binding to dmDcr-2's helicase domain impacts association and dissociation kinetics of dsRNA in a termini-dependent manner, revealing termini-dependent discrimination of dsRNA on a biologically relevant time scale (seconds). ATP hydrolysis promotes transient unwinding of dsRNA termini followed by slow rewinding, and directional translocation of the enzyme to the cleavage site. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy reveals a nucleotide-dependent modulation in conformational fluctuations (nanoseconds) of the helicase and Platform-PAZ domains that is correlated with termini-dependent dsRNA cleavage. Our study offers a kinetic framework for comparison to other Dicers, as well as all members of the RLRs involved in innate immunity.
The neuropeptides arginine vasotocin (AVT) and arginine vasopressin are key modulators of affiliation and aggression among non-mammalian and mammalian vertebrates, respectively. Here, we explored ...AVT's effect on aggression in a wild population of beaugregory damselfish, Stegastes leucostictus, a highly territorial species. Aggression by territorial males towards 'intruders' (bottled fishes) was assessed before and after each male received intramuscular injections of either AVT, Manning compound (an AVT V1a receptor antagonist), isotocin (the teleost homologue of mammalian oxytocin differing from AVT by two amino acids) or saline (vehicle control). Compared to saline controls, AVT and Manning increased and decreased aggression, respectively, while isotocin had no effect. Response selectivity was further established in a dose-response study that revealed an inverted U-shaped function. Compared to saline controls, aggression levels for low and high AVT doses were similar, while medium dose treatments were significantly greater. This type of behavioural response, the first that we know of for a vertebrate neuropeptide, could depend on the binding of AVT to both V1-type and other AVT or non-AVT receptors. The pattern revealed here for damselfish may be symptomatic of species- and context-dependent specificity of AVT's modulation of aggression across teleosts, as is currently proposed for tetrapods.
We sought to identify new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease through a staged association study (GERAD+) and by testing suggestive loci reported by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Consortium ...(ADGC) in a companion paper. We undertook a combined analysis of four genome-wide association datasets (stage 1) and identified ten newly associated variants with P ≤ 1 × 10(-5). We tested these variants for association in an independent sample (stage 2). Three SNPs at two loci replicated and showed evidence for association in a further sample (stage 3). Meta-analyses of all data provided compelling evidence that ABCA7 (rs3764650, meta P = 4.5 × 10(-17); including ADGC data, meta P = 5.0 × 10(-21)) and the MS4A gene cluster (rs610932, meta P = 1.8 × 10(-14); including ADGC data, meta P = 1.2 × 10(-16)) are new Alzheimer's disease susceptibility loci. We also found independent evidence for association for three loci reported by the ADGC, which, when combined, showed genome-wide significance: CD2AP (GERAD+, P = 8.0 × 10(-4); including ADGC data, meta P = 8.6 × 10(-9)), CD33 (GERAD+, P = 2.2 × 10(-4); including ADGC data, meta P = 1.6 × 10(-9)) and EPHA1 (GERAD+, P = 3.4 × 10(-4); including ADGC data, meta P = 6.0 × 10(-10)).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We undertook a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involving over 16,000 individuals, the most powerful AD GWAS to date. In stage 1 (3,941 cases and 7,848 ...controls), we replicated the established association with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus (most significant SNP, rs2075650, P = 1.8 × 10−157) and observed genome-wide significant association with SNPs at two loci not previously associated with the disease: at the CLU (also known as APOJ) gene (rs11136000, P = 1.4 × 10−9) and 5′ to the PICALM gene (rs3851179, P = 1.9 × 10−8). These associations were replicated in stage 2 (2,023 cases and 2,340 controls), producing compelling evidence for association with Alzheimer's disease in the combined dataset (rs11136000, P = 8.5 × 10−10, odds ratio = 0.86; rs3851179, P = 1.3 × 10−9, odds ratio = 0.86).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Late Onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the leading cause of dementia. Recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the first strongly supported LOAD susceptibility genes since the ...discovery of the involvement of APOE in the early 1990s. We have now exploited these GWAS datasets to uncover key LOAD pathophysiological processes.
We applied a recently developed tool for mining GWAS data for biologically meaningful information to a LOAD GWAS dataset. The principal findings were then tested in an independent GWAS dataset.
We found a significant overrepresentation of association signals in pathways related to cholesterol metabolism and the immune response in both of the two largest genome-wide association studies for LOAD.
Processes related to cholesterol metabolism and the innate immune response have previously been implicated by pathological and epidemiological studies of Alzheimer's disease, but it has been unclear whether those findings reflected primary aetiological events or consequences of the disease process. Our independent evidence from two large studies now demonstrates that these processes are aetiologically relevant, and suggests that they may be suitable targets for novel and existing therapeutic approaches.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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