The authors describe the first parasitological survey of protozoal infections on tissue slide sections of field cases processed at the histopathology laboratory of the College of Veterinary Medicine ...(CVM) at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Over 80% of the field cases were from Region 4 (CALABARZON) and the rest were equally distributed from other areas of the Philippines, namely: Region 2 (Cagayan Valley), Metropolitan Manila (National Capital Region), Region III (Central Luzon) and Region VI (Western Visayas). Histopathological analyses of tissue sections from 51 archived cases (1972-2010) of parasitic aetiology were performed. Microscopic examination of a total of 286 histopathological slides revealed the presence of several protozoa, including sarcosporidiosis, hepatic coccidiosis, intestinal coccidiosis, balantidiosis and leucocyto-zoonosis. In addition, the finding of Balantidium and Sarcocystis may have zoonotic implications and can therefore be used as markers of public health importance.
Hepatozoon canis infection in canines is allegedly an underreported disease in the Philippines. In over the past four decades, there are only two published cases in the country. A total of 168 canine ...blood samples was processed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and blood parasite examination (BPE). The PCR method was able to provide molecular evidence for the presence of Hepatozoon canis genomic DNA in one sample (0.6%). Consequently, Hepatozoon canis gametocytes demonstrating the classical elongated appearance in leucocytes were also consistently seen on Giemsa®-stained blood smears of the PCR-positive animal after BPE. The study elucidates the parasitological detection and first molecular evidence of Hepatozoon canis infection in the Philippines by PCR.
The partial nucleotide sequence of putative Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense oligosaccharyl transferase gene was previously reported. Here, we describe the determination of its full-length nucleotide ...sequence by Inverse PCR (IPCR), subsequent biological sequence analysis and transmembrane topology modelling. The full-length DNA sequence has an Open Reading Frame (ORF) of 2406 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 801 amino acid residues. Protein and DNA sequence analyses revealed that homologues within the genome of other kinetoplastid and various origins exist. Protein topology analysis predicted that Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense putative oligosaccharyl transferase clone II (TbOST II) is a transmembrane protein with transmembrane helices in probably an N(cytosol)-C(cytosol) orientation. Data from the GenBank database assembly and sequence analyses in general clearly state that TbOST II is the STT3 subunit of OST in T.b. rhodesiense that necessitates further characterisation and functional studies with RNAi. TbOST II sequence had been deposited in the GenBank (accession number GU245937).
Trypanosoma theileri is one of the protozoan parasites reported in cattle and carabaos in the Philippines. The distribution of T. theileri infection in livestock in this country is not well ...established. To date, more than two decades have passed without any new T. theileri prevalence reported in the country. The present study endeavored to determine whether the parasite is endogenously present in cattle from the remote areas of Region II (Cagayan Valley), particularly in the province of Quirino, Philippines and to establish the current parasite prevalence of T. theileri in this province using the blood parasite examination method. A total of 246 field blood samples of cattle was collected from 5/6 (83%) of the municipalities of Quirino Province, Philippines. Blood parasite examination of Giemsa-stained smears revealed that all samples were negative for the presence of the T. theileri parasite. Given that the mainstay of parasitological examination in the field is the classic blood parasite examination method, the data suggest that the negative results of these examinations can probably be attributed to very low parasitemia.
Transmembrane protein 30A (TMEM30A) maintains the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylserine, an integral component of the cell membrane and 'eat-me' signal recognized by macrophages. Integrative ...genomic and transcriptomic analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from the British Columbia population-based registry uncovered recurrent biallelic TMEM30A loss-of-function mutations, which were associated with a favorable outcome and uniquely observed in DLBCL. Using TMEM30A-knockout systems, increased accumulation of chemotherapy drugs was observed in TMEM30A-knockout cell lines and TMEM30A-mutated primary cells, explaining the improved treatment outcome. Furthermore, we found increased tumor-associated macrophages and an enhanced effect of anti-CD47 blockade limiting tumor growth in TMEM30A-knockout models. By contrast, we show that TMEM30A loss-of-function increases B-cell signaling following antigen stimulation-a mechanism conferring selective advantage during B-cell lymphoma development. Our data highlight a multifaceted role for TMEM30A in B-cell lymphomagenesis, and characterize intrinsic and extrinsic vulnerabilities of cancer cells that can be therapeutically exploited.
The study investigated the occurrence of trypanosomosis in water buffaloes using parasitological and molecular methods. Buffaloes of different ages and both sexes comprising Bulgarian Murrah and some ...crosses were used in the study. Two of the 145 samples (0.13%) were positive for Trypanosoma evansi in both, blood parasite examination and PCR. One female buffalo (1/54 samples; 1.86%) from a lactating herd in the city of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija (Region 3) and another (1/51 samples; 1.96%) non-pregnant female belonging to caraheifer population from Los Baños, Laguna (Region 4) were found infected by T. evansi. The positive animals were in the age group of 3-4 years. Blood samples obtained from 40 buffaloes from Cagayan (Region 2) were found negative for trypanosome infection. Key words: Bulgarian Murrah buffaloes; Surra; Laguna; Nueva Ecija DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i2.3930 CJSBS 2011; 40(2): 141-146
Trypanosoma evansi is a protozoan parasite which ubiquitously infects livestock in the Philippines. The study depicts an initial report of livestock trypanosomes in cattle from the province of ...Quirino, Philippines using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Out of 246 field blood samples from apparently healthy cattle collected from five municipalities of Quirino Province, Philippines, 3/246 (1.22%) were established positive for T. evansi using PCR. The positive animals identified were from the municipality of Saguday (3/42; 7.14% prevalence). These were composed of one female and two males species and belonged to variable age groups (1.1-2 yrs, 2.1-3 yrs and >3 yrs). In addition, the data on the physical examination of the sampled animals using the nine-point scale body condition scoring system showed that the top three body condition scores (BCS) were 3Very thin, (107/246; 43.50%), 4Thin, (75/246; 30.50%) and 2Emaciated, (46/246; 18.70%). Furthermore, the data showed that majority of the animals in Diffun and Saguday were thin (BCS 4) while most of the animals in Cabarroguis and Maddela and Aglipay were classified under BCS 3(Very thin) and BCS 2(Emaciated) respectively. Consequently, all the Trypanosoma evansi positive animals appeared thin (BCS= 4) and were from the municipality of Saguday. No parasites were observed after blood parasite examination (BPE). The study provides information on the first report of T. evansi cases in cattle from Quirino Province located in Region 2 of the Philippines. Consequently the data also presents the first molecular detection of T. evansi infection in cattle in the province of Quirino, Philippines. Key words: Trypanosoma evansi, surra, blood parasite, polymerase chain reaction, Quirino Province, Philippines Trypanosoma evansi posvudasnji je protozoon koji invadira stoku na Filipinima. To je prvo izvjesce o tripanosomozi goveda na podrucju Quirino na temelju nalaza dobivenih lancanom reakcijom polimerazom. Ukupno je 246 uzoraka krvi bilo sakupljeno od naizgled zdravih goveda u pet opcina na podrucju Quirino. Prisutnost T. evansi dokazana u 3 (1,22%) zivotinje, u jedne zenke i dva muzjaka razlicite dobi (1,1-2 godine, 2,1-3 godine i vise od 3 godine) u opcini Saguday (3/42; prevalencija od 7,14%). U svih zivotinja bila je odredena i tjelesna kondicija prema sustavu bodovanja od 1 do 9. Pregledom svih zivotinja ustanovljena su bila tri najcesca stupnja kondicije: 3 vrlo mrsava, (107/246; 43,50%), 4 mrsava, (75/246; 30,50%)i 2 kahekticna, (46/246; 18,,70%)). Goveda na podrucju naselja Diffun i Saguday bila su mrsava dok su goveda na podrucju Cabarroguis, Maddela i Aglipay bila vrlo mrsava i kahekticna. Sve su pozitivne zivotinje u opcini Saguday bile mrsave. U goveda pozitivnih lancanom reakcijom polimerazom nisu bili dokazani paraziti u krvi. Rezultati ovog istrazivanja predstavljaju i izvjesce o prvom dokazu protozoona Trypanosoma evansi na podrucju Quirino na Filipinima. Kljucne rijeci: Trypanosoma evansi, sura, krvni parazit, lancana reakcija polimerazom, Quirino, Filipini
Recent data has shown that there are strong indications that the putative oligosaccharyl transferase genes from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense were conserved within the family Trypanosomatidae. Based ...on these findings, the study endeavored to determine if Trypanosoma evansi also possessed putative oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) clone I previously documented in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Using the DNA hybridization method (Southern blot analyses), genomic DNAs of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma evansi were processed using the same set of restriction enzymes and subsequently hybridized by the same set of DNA probes designed from the reported nucleotide sequence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense putative oligosaccharyl transferase clone I. The results exhibited that Trypanosoma evansi also contains a gene similar to the reported Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense putative OST gene clone I, as shown by the successful hybridization of the DNA probes to their complementary nucleotide sequences in the genome of the Trypanosoma evansi species. In addition, the data also showed that Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma evansi genomes shared some common restriction sites and loci within the genome of each individual parasite species. Key words: Trypanosoma evansi, oligosaccharyl transferase, N-glycosylation, DNA hybridization Nedavna istrazivanja pokazala su da su geni za oligosaharil-transferazu protozoona brucei rhodesiense vrlo dobro sacuvani unutar porodice Trypanosomatidae rypanosomatidae. Cilj istrazivanja bio je otkriti je li ista pojava karakteristicna za gen za oligosaharil-transferazu klona I protozoona Trypanosoma evansi. Genomske DNA vrste Trypanosoma brucei i vrste Trypanosoma evansi bile su pretrazene hibridizacijom DNA (Southern Blot analizom) rabeci istu skupinu restrikcijskih enzima kao i iste probe za hibridizaciju DNA pripravljene na temelju objavljenog slijeda nukleotida za oligosaharil-transferazu klona I protozoona Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Rezultati su pokazali da Trypanosoma evansi takoder sadrzi gen koji je vrlo sliican genu za oligosaharil-transferazu protozoona Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, sto je dokazano uspjesnom hibridizacijom DNA proba s komplementarnim nukleotidnim slijedovima u genomu vrste Trypanosoma evansi. Istrazivanje je pokazalo da Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense i Trypanosoma evansi dijele i zajednicka estrikcijska mjesta. Kljucne rijeci: Trypanosoma evansi rypanosoma evansi, oligosaharil-transferaza, N-glikoziliranje, DNA hibridizacija
Trypanosoma evansi posvudašnji je protozoon koji invadira stoku na Filipinima. To je prvo izvješće o tripanosomozi goveda na području Quirino na temelju nalaza dobivenih lančanom reakcijom ...polimerazom. Ukupno je 246 uzoraka krvi bilo sakupljeno od naizgled zdravih goveda u pet općina na području Quirino. Prisutnost T. evansi dokazana u 3 (1,22%) životinje, u jedne ženke i dva mužjaka različite dobi (1,1-2 godine, 2,1-3 godine i više od 3 godine) u općini Saguday (3/42; prevalencija od 7,14% ). U svih životinja bila je
određena i tjelesna kondicija prema sustavu bodovanja od 1 do 9. Pregledom svih životinja ustanovljena su bila tri najčešća stupnja kondicije: 3 vrlo mršava, (107/246; 43,50%), 4 mršava, (75/246; 30,50%) i 2 kahektična, (46/246; 18,70%). Goveda na području naselja Diffun i Saguday bila su mršava dok su goveda na području Cabarroguis, Maddela i Aglipay bila vrlo mršava i kahektična. Sve su pozitivne životinje u općini Saguday bile mršave. U goveda pozitivnih lančanom reakcijom polimerazom nisu bili dokazani paraziti u krvi. Rezultati ovog istraživanja predstavljaju i izvješće o prvom dokazu protozoona Trypanosoma evansi na području Quirino na Filipinima.
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