Background Distal pancreatectomy is the most frequent operation for insulinomas complicating multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 insulinoma, although there are conditions for which a different ...operative approach might be preferable. In this article, we report the operative experience of a referral center for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 insulinoma. Methods Twelve patients underwent operations between 1992 and 2015: 8 underwent a distal pancreatic resection, and 4 underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy. Enucleation of other macroadenomas present in the remnant pancreas was performed in 9 out of these 12 patients. Results Operative complications (2 pancreatic fistulas and 2 cases of pancreatitis) occurred in 4 of the 8 distal pancreatic resections. In 1 patient, reoperation was required to resolve the complications of the first operation. At pathologic analysis, multiple insulinomas were found in 5 patients, lymph-nodal metastasis positive for insulin in 2 patients, multiple nonfunctioning pancreatic tumors in all patients, glucagonoma in 4 patients, and gastrinoma in the duodenum or lymph nodes in 4 patients. All the patients were treated successfully for the hypoglycemic/hyperinsulinemic syndrome with no clinical recurrence at a mean follow-up of 85 months (range 4–242 months). Recurrent nonfunctioning pancreatic tumor macroadenomas in the remnant pancreas occurred in only 1 of the 12 patients, and no progression of the gastrinomas was observed. None of the patients developed diabetes mellitus. Conclusion Resection of the most severely affected part of the pancreas, whether left or right, associated with enucleation of concomitant macroadenomas in the preserved pancreas is recommended for the treatment of hypoglycemic/hyperinsulinemic syndrome and to prevent malignant progression of nonfunctioning pancreatic tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. If the head of the pancreas is the most affected site and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is concomitant, then pancreatoduodenectomy should be preferred over distal pancreatectomy.
Abstract Background The role of liver resection (LR) of hepatocellular carcinoma with macroscopic vascular thrombosis (MVT) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the ...presence of MVT should still be considered a contraindication for LR. Methods Retrospective study was carried out on 62 patients who underwent LR and thrombectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by MVT. Of the 62 patients, 15 (36.5%) had tumor thrombus (TT) in the peripheral portal vein (Vp1), 5 (12.2%) in second branch (Vp2), and 21 (51.3%) in the first branch/portal vein trunk (Vp3), while on the hepatic/cava vein side, 8 (12.9%) had TT in the main trunk of the hepatic veins (Vv2) and 3 (4.8%) had TT reaching the vena cava/right atrium (Vv3). Results Perioperative major morbidity was 14.5%, while in-hospital mortality was 4.8%. Overall, 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates were 53.3%, 30.1%, and 20%, and disease-free survival rates were 31.7%, 20.8%, and 15.6%, respectively. There were no differences in survival about the MVT localized in Vp1, Vp2, or Vp3 ( P = .77), while we found a statistical trend between patients with Vv2 and Vv3 ( P = .06). Conclusion Surgical resection seems to be justified in these patients, and the presence of MVT should no longer be considered an absolute contraindication for LR.
The liver is the most common site of colorectal cancer metastasis. Liver surgery is a cornerstone in treatment, with progressive expansion of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). This study aims to ...compare short- and long-term outcomes of open surgery and MIS for the treatment of colorectal adenocarcinoma liver metastasis during the first three years of increasing caseload and implementation of MIS use in liver surgery. All patients treated between November 2018 and August 2021 at Careggi Teaching Hospital in Florence, Italy, were prospectively entered into a database and retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-one patients were resected (41 open, 10 MIS). Considering that patients with a significantly higher number of lesions underwent open surgery and operative results were similar, postoperative morbidity rate and length of hospital stay were significantly higher in the open group. No differences were found in the pathological specimen. The postoperative mortality rate was 2%. Mean overall survival and disease-free survival were 46 months (95% CI 42-50) and 22 months (95% CI 15.6-29), respectively. The use of minimally invasive techniques in liver surgery is safe and feasible if surgeons have adequate expertise. MIS and parenchymal sparing resections should be preferred whenever technically feasible.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of pancreatic resection in pancreatic endocrine neoplasias (PENs) in patients affected by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome.
Since ...these tumors often show an indolent course, the role of diagnostic procedures and type of surgical approach are controversial. Experience with new diagnostic approaches and more aggressive surgery is still limited.
Sixteen MEN1 patients were referred to our Surgical Unit (1992-2003) and were operated on for the indications of hypergastrinism, hypoglycemia, and/or pancreatic endocrine neoplasias larger than 1 cm. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) was present in 13 patients, 2 of whom experienced a recurrence after previous surgery. Preoperative tumor localization was carried out using ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SSRS), or selective arterial secretin injection (SASI). Rapid intraoperative gastrin measurement (IGM) was carried out in 8 patients, and 1 patient also underwent an intraoperative secretin provocative test.
Either pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) or total pancreatectomy (TP) or distal pancreatectomy was performed. There was no postoperative mortality; 37% complications included pancreatic (27%) and biliary (6%) fistulas, abdominal collection (6%), and acute pancreatitis (6%). EUS and SSRS were the most sensitive preoperative imaging techniques. At follow-up, 10 of 13 hypergastrinemic patients (77%) are currently eugastrinemic with negative secretin provocative test, while 3 are showing a recurrence of the disease. All patients affected by insulinoma were cured.
MEN1 tumors should be considered surgically curable diseases. IGM may be of value in the assessment of surgical cure. Our experience suggests that PD is superior to less radical surgical approaches in providing cure with limited morbidity in MEN1 gastrinomas and pancreatic neoplasias.
Leonardo da Vinci's analysis and artistic representation of the hepatic vascular anatomy, performed more than 500 years ago, has not yet been fully recognized nor appreciated. Leonardo modified the ...anatomic concepts of Galen, up until then in vogue, and described for the first time the intrahepatic distribution of the proper hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the hepatic veins. The depiction of these structures is surprising for its clarity and perspective and reproduces the anatomic situation almost exactly. The segmentary division of the liver which several centuries later became the basis of modern resection hepatic surgery was extremely clear in Leonardo's mind.
Background. Surgical treatment is the cornerstone in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. The aim of this study is to identify clinicopathological factors affecting ...disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing potentially curative liver resection for CRC metastasis. Methods. All consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for first recurrence of CRC from February 2006 to February 2018 were included. Prognostic impact of factors related to the patient, primary and metastatic tumors, was retrospectively tested through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results. Seventy patients were included in the study. Median postoperative follow-up was 37 months (range 1–119). Median DFS and OS were 15.2 and 62.7 months, and 5-year DFS and OS rates were 16% and 53%. In univariate analysis, timing of metastasis presentation/treatment (combined colorectal and liver resection, “bowel first” approach or metachronous presentation) (p<0.0001), ASA score (p=0.003), chemotherapy after liver surgery (p=0.028), T stage (p=0.021), number of resected liver lesions (p<0.0001), and liver margin status (p=0.032) was significantly associated with DFS while peritoneal resection at colorectal surgery (p=0.026), ASA score (p=0.036), extension of liver resection (p=0.024), chemotherapy after liver surgery (p=0.047), and positive nodes (p=0.018) with OS. In multivariate analysis, timing of metastasis presentation/treatment, ASA score, and chemotherapy (before and after liver surgery) resulted significantly associated with DFS and timing of metastasis presentation/treatment, positive nodes, peritoneal resection at colorectal surgery, and surgical approach (open or minimally invasive) of colorectal resection with OS. Conclusions. Surgery may provide good DFS and OS rates for CRC liver metastasis. Patient selection for surgery and correct timing of intervention within a multidisciplinary approach may be improved by taking into account negative prognostic factors which stress the importance of systemic therapy.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently diagnosed as multinodular. This study aims to assess prognostic factors for survival and identify patients with multiple HCC who may benefit from surgery ...beyond the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification indications.
This retrospective study included all the consecutive patients from 4 Italian tertiary centers receiving liver resection for naive multiple HCC between 1990 and 2012 to have a potential follow-up of 5 years.
Included patients were 144. Ninety-day morbidity and mortality rates were 38.3% and 8.3%, respectively. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 33.3% and 19.1%, respectively. Tumor size <3 cm, bilirubin, Child-Pugh A, BCLC-A stage, being within “up-to-7” criteria, and minor resections resulted in prognostic factors. The Child-Pugh score resulted in an independent prognostic factor.
Surgery may be related to good outcomes in selected patients with multiple HCC.
•Actual guidelines provide strict indications for hepatocellular carcinoma resection.•Retrospective evaluation of patients resected for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas.•The Child-Pugh score found as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival.•Good outcomes may be achieved with surgery performed beyond the actual guidelines.
Background
The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) natural history is poorly evaluated, and few single-institution experiences about hereditary gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine ...tumors (GEP-NET) are reported. Our purpose is to analyze the role of GEP-NET in MEN1-related death, as well as the behavior of these lesions during follow-up.
Methods
The study population consists of 77 patients diagnosed with MEN1 GEP-NET, regularly followed up since 1990. Extensive clinical data were prospectively recorded. Statistical analysis was performed both on the whole population of 77 patients and on two subgroups including patients who, during the long lasting study period, underwent GEP-NET surgery (50 pts) and who did not (27 pts), respectively.
Results
Twenty-five males (32.5%) and 52 females (67.5%) were enrolled. Sixty-four patients had MEN1 family history (83.1%), and genetic mutation was detected in 67 cases (87%). The mean age at GEP-NET diagnosis was 41.4 years (SD = 13.6); 16 patients (20.8%) had GEP-NET diagnosed before age 30 and 12 cases (15.6%) before 1996. The mean interval time between MEN1 diagnosis and GEP-NET detection was 5.7 years (range −11/37; SD = 8.1 years). Overall, the mean follow-up time from MEN1 diagnosis was 15.8 years (SD = 9.7 years) and from GEP-NET diagnosis was 9.6 years (SD = 6.9 years). Gastrinoma was the most frequent functioning GEP-NET and pancreatoduodenectomy the most adopted surgery. GEP-NET progression affected 12 patients within the non-surgical group, while 18 subjects developed progression after surgery.
Conclusions
Our single-center data provide information on epidemiologic, clinical and pathological features of GEP-NET in MEN1 making possible to clarify their natural history.
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