Aqueous diffusion of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is examined for high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyurethane/urea, and two ...polyethylene (PE) geomembranes coextruded with ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). Additionally, the diffusion of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes through polyurethane/urea geomembrane is examined. Permeation coefficients for HDPE, LLDPE, and polyurethane/urea range from 0.4-1.2 × 10−10 m2/s for TCE and 1.0-2.5 × 10−10 m2/s and for PCE. Experiments using the coextruded geomembranes have not reached equilibrium at 500 days, however parameters for the EVOH layer are deduced using data from these experiments. Using the parameters of the individual layers, single layer parameters were calculated. These single layer parameters range from 0.37-2.2 × 10−12 m2/s for TCE to 0.28-0.93 × 10−12 m2/s for PCE. Two hypothetical vapour intrusion cases are modelled using the parameters developed for the five geomembranes, and the calculated airspace concentrations decrease depending on the choice of vapour barrier in the following order: no barrier >0.75 mm LLDPE >1.5 mm polyurethane/urea >1.5 mm HDPE >0.75 mm LLDPE/EVOH/LLDPE >1.5 mm HDPE/EVOH/HDPE.
•First BTEX diffusion and TCE and PCE for polyurethane/urea geomembrane.•Full layer parameters for diffusion through co-extruded geomembranes with EVOH core.•First evaluation of the relative performance as a vapour barrier of five GMBs for TCE and PCE.
To provide an overview of pediatric palliative care (PPC) as it relates to children and families living with oncologic disease.
Journal articles, clinical research reports, clinical guidelines, and ...national statistics.
As new treatment protocols become available, the need for simultaneous supportive PPC, including adequate pain and symptom management, is evident. Further research and PPC program development is necessary for adherence to the current recommendation that PPC should be initiated at the time of diagnosis and continue throughout the course of a child's disease.
Palliative care nursing holds a specific role in the pediatric oncology setting. Registered nurses and advanced practice nurses should be adequately trained in PPC because they are in an optimal role to contribute to interdisciplinary PPC for pediatric oncology patients and their families.
Congenital muscular dystrophies are a group of rare neuromuscular disorders with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Recent advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of congenital ...muscular dystrophy have enabled better diagnosis. However, medical care for patients with congenital muscular dystrophy remains very diverse. Advances in many areas of medical technology have not been adopted in clinical practice. The International Standard of Care Committee for Congenital Muscular Dystrophy was established to identify current care issues, review literature for evidence-based practice, and achieve consensus on care recommendations in 7 areas: diagnosis, neurology, pulmonology, orthopedics/rehabilitation, gastroenterology/ nutrition/speech/oral care, cardiology, and palliative care. To achieve consensus on the care recommendations, 2 separate online surveys were conducted to poll opinions from experts in the field and from congenital muscular dystrophy families. The final consensus was achieved in a 3-day workshop conducted in Brussels, Belgium, in November 2009. This consensus statement describes the care recommendations from this committee.
An abstract of a study by Wittenberg et al describing spiritual communication with seriously-ill children to inform communication training in pediatric palliative care is presented. Nurses believed ...that ill children had spiritual needs and that it was important to nourish the child's spirit by being with them and acknowledging their experiences. Nurses also emphasized being present for and with the children and their families and available to pray with them. Finally, nurses highlighted that they themselves had to be spiritually available.
A presentation on providing palliative care to a child when a parent has a major psychiatric illness, assessment and treatment of delirium in children, and treatment of children with complex ...psychiatric symptoms and life limiting illnesses in the outpatient and home setting is detailed. Topics for the second half of the session will include management of psychosis, anxiety, depression, aggression, mania and suicidal ideation.
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