We calculate the phonon, electron, and magnon temperature profiles in yttrium iron garnet/platinum bilayers by diffusive theory with appropriate boundary conditions, in particular taking into account ...interfacial thermal resistances. Our calculations show that in thin film hybrids, the interface magnetic heat conductance qualitatively affects the magnon temperature. Based on published material parameters we assess the degree of nonequilibrium at the yttrium iron garnet/platinum interface. The magnitude of the spin Seebeck effect derived from this approach compares well with experimental results for the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect. Additionally, we address the temperature profiles in the transverse spin Seebeck effect.
Bullous pemphigoid constitutes a rare dermatological immune-related adverse event of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. Herein, we review all ...published cases of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 related bullous pemphigoid and discuss current knowledge on this condition. Clinical and diagnostic findings were found to resemble those of classic bullous pemphigoid. A delayed onset of bullous pemphigoid after commencement of immunotherapy as well as a frequent precendence of a refractory pruritic eruption prior to blister development was oberved, both posing diagnostic challenges. In addition to topical and systemic treatment, most patients required either discontinuation or permanent interruption of immunotherapy. Assessment of tumour outcome did not reveal improved survival in patients developing bullous pemphigoid during immunotherapy, as suggested for other types of skin toxicity, including vitiligo. Better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism and prognostic implications of this increasingly-reported adverse event is essential in order to establish optimal diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the umbrella term for a group of rare inherited skin fragility disorders caused by mutations in at least 20 different genes. There is no cure for any of the subtypes of ...EB resulting from different mutations, and current therapy only focuses on the management of wounds and pain. Novel effective therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently required. Strategies include gene‐, protein‐ and cell‐based therapies. This review discusses molecular procedures currently under investigation at the EB House Austria, a designated Centre of Expertise implemented in the European Reference Network for Rare and Undiagnosed Skin Diseases. Current clinical research activities at the EB House Austria include newly developed candidate substances that have emerged out of our translational research initiatives as well as already commercially available medications that are applied in off‐licensed indications. Squamous cell carcinoma is the major cause of death in severe forms of EB. We are evaluating immunotherapy using an anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibody as a palliative treatment option for locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin unresponsive to previous systemic therapy. In addition, we are evaluating topical calcipotriol and topical diacerein as potential agents to improve the healing of skin wounds in EBS patients. Finally, the review will highlight the recent advancements of gene therapy development for EB.
The rheology of inkjet printing inks must be well controlled in order to be able to form small droplets. One solution is to use low volume fraction dispersed suspensions, but this leads to a common ...problem during drying called the coffee stain effect. It is caused by particle migration from the center to the edge of a drying drop and leads to nonuniform printed structures. This article describes an approach, to suppress the coffee stain effect by a sufficiently fast increase in viscosity after deposition. Due to the viscosity limitations during printing, inks with tailored rheology and drying behavior need to be developed. Ceramic inks were prepared and printed. First, a binder was added to study the influence of viscosity on printability and the coffee stain effect. Second, the use of a high vapor pressure solvent for faster drying was investigated. Eventually, an ink with the combination of binder and fast drying agent was prepared. This ink showed a considerable decrease in drying time as well as a rapid increase in viscosity after deposition and was suitable to completely suppress the coffee stain effect. Plateau‐like structures were achieved by adapting the drying temperature to permit particle movement to a certain degree.
To know the properties of a particle or a wave, one should measure how its energy changes with its momentum. The relation between them is called the dispersion relation, which encodes essential ...information of the kinetics. In a magnet, the wave motion of atomic spins serves as an elementary excitation, called a spin wave, and behaves like a fictitious particle. Although the dispersion relation of spin waves governs many of the magnetic properties, observation of their entire dispersion is one of the challenges today. Spin waves whose dispersion is dominated by magnetostatic interaction are called pure-magnetostatic waves, which are still missing despite of their practical importance. Here, we report observation of the band dispersion relation of pure-magnetostatic waves by developing a table-top all-optical spectroscopy named spin-wave tomography. The result unmasks characteristics of pure-magnetostatic waves. We also demonstrate time-resolved measurements, which reveal coherent energy transfer between spin waves and lattice vibrations.
A
bstract
We present a general method to match fully differential next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) calculations to parton shower programs. We discuss in detail the perturbative accuracy criteria ...a complete NNLO + PS matching has to satisfy. Our method is based on consistently improving a given NNLO calculation with the leading-logarithmic (LL) resummation in a chosen jet resolution variable. The resulting NNLO + LL calculation is cast in the form of an event generator for physical events that can be directly interfaced with a parton shower routine, and we give an explicit construction of the input “Monte Carlo cross sections” satisfying all required criteria. We also show how other proposed approaches naturally arise as special cases in our method.
A
bstract
In this article we show how the resummation of infrared and collinear logarithms within Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) can be formulated in a way that makes it suitable for a ...Monte-Carlo implementation. This is done by applying the techniques developed for automated resummation using the branching formalism, which have resulted in the general resummation approach CAESAR/ARES. This work builds a connection between the two resummation approaches, and paves the way to automated resummation in SCET. As a case study we consider the resummation of the thrust distribution in electron-positron collisions at next-to-leading logarithm (NLL). The generalization of the results presented here to more complicated observables as well as to higher logarithmic orders will be considered in a future publication.
The intention of this Special Issue is to highlight current treatment options to target the cause, as well as disease-associated complications, of skin diseases, including a group of monogenetic skin ...disorders referred to as genodermatoses ....
SecA belongs to the large class of ATPases that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform mechanical work resulting in protein translocation across membranes, protein degradation, and unfolding. ...SecA translocates polypeptides through the SecY membrane channel during protein secretion in bacteria, but how it achieves directed peptide movement is unclear. Here, we use single‐molecule FRET to derive a model that couples ATP hydrolysis‐dependent conformational changes of SecA with protein translocation. Upon ATP binding, the two‐helix finger of SecA moves toward the SecY channel, pushing a segment of the polypeptide into the channel. The finger retracts during ATP hydrolysis, while the clamp domain of SecA tightens around the polypeptide, preserving progress of translocation. The clamp opens after phosphate release and allows passive sliding of the polypeptide chain through the SecA‐SecY complex until the next ATP binding event. This power‐stroke mechanism may be used by other ATPases that move polypeptides.
Synopsis
How AAA ATPases harness energy from ATP to promote directional translocation of polypeptides across membranes is poorly understood. Single‐molecule FRET reveals that bacterial SecA uses ATP hydrolysis to push a polypeptide segment into the SecY channel, and phosphate release to slide it through the SecA‐SecY complex.
SecA two‐helix finger and clamp domains move upon ATP binding, hydrolysis and phosphate release.
ATP binding moves the two‐helix finger towards the SecY channel, causing insertion of the first polypeptide segment into the channel.
Upon ATP hydrolysis, finger retraction and clamp domain closure around the translocating polypeptide ensure the translocation progress.
Clamp opening induced by phosphate release permits passive sliding of the polypeptide in either direction.
Single‐molecule FRET reveals that the bacterial SecA translocase uses ATP hydrolysis to push a polypeptide segment into the SecY channel, and phosphate release to slide it through the SecA‐SecY complex.
PDF
