To investigate the association between pre- and postdiagnosis physical activity (as well as change in prediagnosis to postdiagnosis physical activity) and mortality among women with breast cancer.
...This was a prospective observational study of 933 women enrolled onto the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study who were diagnosed with local or regional breast cancer between 1995 and 1998 and observed until death or September 2004, whichever came first. The primary outcomes measured were total deaths and breast cancer deaths. The primary exposures were physical activity in the year before and 2 years after diagnosis and the pre- to postdiagnosis change in physical activity.
Compared with inactive women, the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) for total deaths for women expending at least 9 metabolic equivalent hours per week (approximately 2 to 3 h/wk of brisk walking) were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.45 to 1.06; P = .045) for those active in the year before diagnosis and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.73; P = .046) for those active 2 years after diagnosis. Compared with women who were inactive both before and after diagnosis, women who increased physical activity after diagnosis had a 45% lower risk of death (HR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.38), and women who decreased physical activity after diagnosis had a four-fold greater risk of death (HR = 3.95; 95% CI, 1.45 to 10.50).
Moderate-intensity physical activity after a diagnosis of breast cancer may improve prognosis.
Overweight or obese breast cancer patients have a worse prognosis compared with normal-weight patients. This may be attributed to hyperinsulinemia and dysregulation of adipokine levels associated ...with overweight and obesity. Here, we evaluate whether low levels of adiponectin and a greater level of insulin resistance are associated with breast cancer mortality and all-cause mortality.
We measured glucose, insulin, and adiponectin levels in fasting serum samples from 527 women enrolled in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study, a multiethnic, prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with stage I-IIIA breast cancer. We evaluated the association between adiponectin and insulin and glucose levels (expressed as the Homeostatic Model Assessment HOMA score) represented as continuous measures and median split categories, along with breast cancer mortality and all-cause mortality, using Cox proportional hazards models.
Increasing HOMA scores were associated with reduced breast cancer survival (hazard ratio HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.20) and reduced all-cause survival (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.15) after adjustment for possible confounders. Higher levels of adiponectin (above the median: 15.5 μg/mL) were associated with longer breast cancer survival (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.95) after adjustment for covariates. A continuous measure of adiponectin was not associated with either breast cancer-specific or all-cause mortality.
Elevated HOMA scores and low levels of adiponectin, both associated with obesity, were associated with increased breast cancer mortality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the association between low levels of adiponectin and increased breast cancer mortality in breast cancer survivors.
PURPOSE Chronic inflammation is believed to contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer. Systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are measures of low-grade ...chronic inflammation and potential predictors of cancer survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated the relationship between circulating markers of inflammation and breast cancer survival using data from the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study (a multiethnic prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer). Circulating concentrations of CRP and SAA were measured approximately 31 months after diagnosis and tested for associations with disease-free survival (approximately 4.1 years of follow-up) and overall survival (approximately 6.9 years of follow-up) in 734 disease-free breast cancer survivors. Cox proportional hazards models were used with adjustment for potential confounding factors to generate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results Elevated SAA and CRP were associated with reduced overall survival, regardless of adjustment for age, tumor stage, race, and body mass index (SAA P trend < .0001; CRP P trend = .002). The HRs for SAA and CRP tertiles suggested a threshold effect on survival, rather than a dose-response relationship (highest v lowest tertile: SAA HR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.73 to 5.65; CRP HR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.27 to 4.08). Associations were similar and still significant after adjusting for self-reported history of cardiovascular events and censoring cardiovascular disease deaths. Elevated CRP and SAA were also associated with reduced disease-free survival, although these associations were of borderline significance (SAA P trend = .04; CRP P trend = .07). CONCLUSION Circulating SAA and CRP may be important prognostic markers for long-term survival in breast cancer patients, independent of race, tumor stage, and body mass index.
Low dietary folate intake is associated with several neoplasias, but reports are inconsistent for breast cancer. Additionally, the association of folate with breast cancer estrogen receptor (ER) ...status is not well established.
To determine if dietary intakes of folate, B-vitamins (B2, B6, B12) and methionine are associated with breast cancer risk and ER status in Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White women in the southwestern U.S.
Primary breast cancer cases (n = 2,325) in the 4-Corners region (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah), diagnosed between October 1999 and May 2004, were identified through state cancer registries. Controls (n = 2,525) were frequency-matched by ethnicity and age (±5 years). Dietary intake, physical activity and other exposures were assessed using in-person interviews. Risk was assessed through multivariable and multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for relevant covariates.
While there was no overall association with breast cancer, the highest quartile of folate intake was marginally inversely associated with ER- breast cancer (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.50, 95% CI 0.25-1.00, p for trend = 0.07). Vitamin B12 intake was inversely associated with breast cancer also (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-1.00, p for trend = 0.06), particularly for the highest quartile of ER+ breast cancer (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.99, p for trend = 0.06), among NHW women (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29-0.81, p for trend = 0.01) and invasive breast cancer (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.93, P(trend) = 0.01). Methionine intake was also inversely associated with ER+ breast cancer (OR for 4th quartile = 0.83, 95% CI 0.66-1.03, p for trend = 0.04), primarily among Hispanic women (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.47-1.06, and P for trend = 0.02).
Higher intake of folate is marginally associated with a lower risk for ER- breast cancer, and higher intakes of vitamin B-12 and methionine are marginally associated with a lower risk of ER+ breast cancer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Physical activity is associated with reduced mortality and higher quality of life in breast cancer survivors; however, limited data on the prevalence of activity and long-term trends after diagnosis ...are available.
A multiethnic cohort of 631 women (18-64 years) with stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer was followed for 10 years. Recreational aerobic activity (MET-h/wk) was ascertained for the year before diagnosis (baseline), 24 months, 5 years, and 10 years after enrollment. Women were classified according to U.S. physical activity guidelines (≥150 min/wk moderate or ≥75 min/wk vigorous activity). The OR for meeting guidelines at 5 and 10 years according to baseline factors was estimated using logistic regression. The change in MET-h/wk was predicted using linear regression.
Prediagnosis, 34% of women met physical activity guidelines; 34.0%, 39.5%, and 21.4% met guidelines at 24 months, 5 years, and 10 years after enrollment, respectively. Less than 8% of survivors met guidelines at all follow-up periods. Over 10 years, recreational aerobic activity decreased by a mean ± SD of 4.3 ± 16.2 MET-h/wk. Meeting guidelines pre-diagnosis was strongly associated with meeting guidelines at 5 years OR (95% confidence interval; CI): 2.76 (1.85-4.1) and 10 years OR (95% CI): 3.35 (2.13-5.28). No other demographic or prognostic factors were significantly associated with the 10-year change in MET-h/wk.
The vast majority of early breast cancer survivors do not meet national exercise recommendations 10 years postdiagnosis.
Physical activity levels are low in breast cancer survivors across the 10 years postdiagnosis; nonetheless, the predictors of activity in this population remain poorly understood.
To examine the association between serum C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion, measured 3 years after a breast cancer diagnosis, and death resulting from all causes and breast cancer.
This was a ...prospective, observational study of 604 women enrolled onto the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study who were diagnosed with local or regional breast cancer between 1995 and 1998 and observed until death or December 31, 2006, whichever came first. The hazard ratio (HR) for all deaths and deaths owing to breast cancer and 95% CIs for the HR were estimated using multivariable stratified Cox regression analyses.
Among women without type 2 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels were associated with an increased risk of death resulting from all causes and from breast cancer. A 1-ng/mL increase in C-peptide was associated with a 31% increased risk of any death (HR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.63; P = .013) and a 35% increased risk of death as a result of breast cancer (HR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.87, P = .048). Associations between C-peptide levels and death as a result of breast cancer were stronger in certain subgroups, including women with type 2 diabetes, women with a body mass index less than 25 kg/m(2), women diagnosed with a higher stage of disease, and women whose tumors were estrogen receptor positive.
Treatment strategies to reduce C-peptide levels in patients with breast cancer, including dietary-induced weight loss, physical activity, and/or use of insulin-lowering medications, should be explored.
We examined cross-sectional associations between arm lymphedema symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the Health, Eating, Activity and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study. 499 women diagnosed ...with localized or regional breast cancer at ages 35-64 years completed a survey, on average 40 months after diagnosis, querying presence of lymphedema, nine lymphedema-related symptoms, e.g., tension, burning pain, mobility loss, and warmth/redness, and HRQoL. Analysis of covariance models were used to assess HRQoL scores in relation to presence of lymphedema and lymphedema-related symptoms. Lymphedema was self-reported by 137 women, of whom 98 were experiencing lymphedema at the time of the assessment. The most common symptoms were heaviness (52%), numbness (47%), and tightness (45%). Perceived physical health was worse for women reporting past or current lymphedema than those reporting no lymphedema (P-value < 0.0001). No difference was observed for perceived mental health (P-value = 0.31). Perceived physical health, stress, and lymphedema-specific HRQoL scores worsened as number of symptoms increased (P-values ≤ 0.01). Women reporting tension in the arm had lower physical health (P-value = 0.01), and those experiencing burning pain, tension, heaviness, or warmth/redness in the arm had lower lymphedema-specific HRQoL (P-values < 0.05). Treatment targeting specific lymphedema-related symptoms in addition to size/volume reduction may improve some aspects of HRQoL among affected women.
Several cohort studies have found associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and stroke risk. However, it is unclear whether the surrounding ecology may modify these associations. This ...study evaluates associations of air pollution with stroke risk by ecoregions, which are areas of similar type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. We assessed the incidence of stroke in 26,792 participants (45+ yrs) from the REGARDS study, a prospective cohort recruited across the contiguous United States. One-yr and 3-yr means of PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO were estimated at baseline using data from the Center for Air, Climate, & Energy Solution, and assigned to participants at the census block group level. Incident stroke was ascertained through September 30, 2020. Relations of air pollutants with the risk of incident stroke were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for relevant demographics, behavioral risk factors, and neighborhood urbanicity. Models were stratified by EPA designated ecoregions. A 5.4 μg/m3 (interquartile range) increase in 1-yr PM10 was associated with a hazard ratio (95 %CI) for incident stroke of 1.07 (1.003, 1.15) in the overall study population. We did not find evidence of positive associations for PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO in the fully adjusted models. In our ecoregion-specific analysis, associations of PM2.5 with stroke were stronger in the Great Plains ecoregion (HR = 1.44) than other ecoregions, while associations for PM10 were strongest in the Eastern Temperate Forests region (HR = 1.15). The associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of stroke varied by ecoregion. Our results suggests that the type, quality, and quantity of the surrounding ecology can modify the effects of air pollution on risk of stroke.
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•Long-term PM10 concentrations were positively related to stroke risk.•PM effects were significantly modified by the ecological region of participants.•Associations of PM2.5 on stroke were strongest in the Great Plains.•Urbanicity modified the relations between air pollution and stroke risk.
Obese women and women who gain weight after a breast cancer diagnosis are at a greater risk for breast cancer recurrence and death compared with lean women and women who do not gain weight after ...diagnosis. In this population-based study, we assessed weight and body fat changes from during the first year of diagnosis to during the third year after diagnosis, and whether any changes in weight and body fat varied by demographic, prognostic, and lifestyle factors in 514 women with incident Stage 0-IIIA breast cancer.
Patients were participants in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) study. Weight and body fat (via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans) were measured during the baseline visit and 2 years later at a follow-up visit. Analysis of covariance methods were used to obtain mean weight and body fat changes adjusted for potential cofounders.
Women increased their weight and percent body fat by 1.7 +/- 4.7 kg and 2.1% +/- 3.9%, respectively, from during their first year of diagnosis to during their third year of diagnosis. A total of 68% and 74% of patients gained weight and body fat, respectively. Greater increases in weight were observed among women diagnosed with a higher disease stage, younger age, being postmenopausal, and women who decreased their physical activity from diagnosis to up to 3 years after diagnosis (P for trend < .05).
Weight and body fat increased in the postdiagnosis period. Future research should focus on the effect of physical activity on weight and fat loss and breast cancer prognosis.
Purpose
While several studies have evaluated the association of combined lifestyle factors on breast cancer-specific mortality, few have included Hispanic women. We constructed a “healthy behavior ...index” (HBI) and evaluated its associations with mortality in non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic women diagnosed with breast cancer from the southwestern U.S.
Methods
Diet and lifestyle questionnaires were analyzed for 837 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (1999–2004) in New Mexico as part of the 4-Corners Women’s Health Study. An HBI score ranging from 0 to 12 was based on dietary pattern, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body size and shape, with increasing scores representing less healthy characteristics. Hazard ratios for mortality over 14 years of follow-up were estimated for HBI quartiles using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for education and stratified by ethnicity and stage at diagnosis.
Results
A significant increasing trend was observed across HBI quartiles among all women, NHW women, and those diagnosed with localized or regional/distant stage of disease for all-cause (AC) mortality (
p
-trend = 0.006, 0.002, 0.03, respectively). AC mortality was increased >2-fold for all women and NHW women in HBI Q4 versus Q1 (HR = 2.18, 2.65, respectively). The association was stronger in women with regional/distant than localized stage of disease (HR = 2.62, 1.94, respectively). Associations for Hispanics or breast cancer-specific mortality were not significant.
Conclusions
These findings indicate the associations between the HBI and AC mortality, which appear to differ by ethnicity and stage at diagnosis. Interventions for breast cancer survivors should address the combination of lifestyle factors on prognosis.