An established three-spined stickleback (
Gasterosteus aculeatus) cDNA array was expanded to 14,496 probes with the addition of hepatic clones derived from subtractive and normalized libraries from ...control males and males exposed to model toxicants. Microarrays and one-dimensional
1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, together with individual protein and gene biomarkers were employed to investigate the hepatic responses of the stickleback to ethinyl-estradiol (EE
2) exposure. Male fish were exposed via the water to EE
2, including environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1–100
ng/l) for 4 days, and hepatic transcript and metabolite profiles, kidney spiggin protein and serum vitellogenin concentrations were determined in comparison to controls. EE
2 exposure did not significantly affect spiggin concentration but significantly induced serum vitellogenin protein at the threshold concentration of 32
ng/l.
1H NMR coupled with robust univariate testing revealed only limited changes, but these did support the predicted modulation of the amino acid profile by transcriptomics. Transcriptional induction was found for hepatic vitellogenins and choriogenins as expected, together with a range of other EE
2-responsive genes. Choriogenins showed the more sensitive responses with statistically significant induction at 10
ng/l. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed transcriptional induction of these genes. Phosvitinless vitellogenin C transcripts were highly expressed and represent a major form of the egg yolk precursors, and this is in contrast to other fish species where it is a minor component of vitellogenic transcripts. Differences in inducibility between the vitellogenins and choriogenins appear to be in accordance with the sequential formation of chorion and yolk during oogenesis in fish.
In 2019, the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network (RECON) obtained multiple-chord occultation measurements of two Centaur objects: 2014 YY49 on 2019 January 28 and 2013 NL24 on ...2019 September 4. RECON is a citizen-science telescope network designed to observe high-uncertainty occultations by outer solar system objects. Adopting circular models for the object profiles, we derive a radius km and a geometric albedo for 2014 YY49 and a radius km and a geometric albedo for 2013 NL24. To the precision of these measurements, no atmosphere or rings are detected for either object. The two objects measured here are among the smallest distant objects measured with the stellar occultation technique. In addition to these geometric constraints, the occultation measurements provide astrometric constraints for these two Centaurs at a higher precision than has been feasible by direct imaging. To supplement the occultation results, we also present an analysis of color photometry from the Pan-STARRS surveys to constrain the rotational light curve amplitudes and spectral colors of these two Centaurs. We recommend that future work focus on photometry to more deliberately constrain the objects' colors and light curve amplitudes and on follow-on occultation efforts informed by this astrometry.
The structure of the endosomal-associated protein, Hrs, has been determined with cryo-electron microscopy. Hrs interacts with a number of proteins, including SNAP-25 and STAM1, forming a complex that ...binds ubiquitin moieties. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies revealed that Hrs exists as a hexamer. The symmetry and the structure of the hexameric form of Hrs were determined with the single-particle reconstruction method. Hrs comprises three antiparallel dimers with a central core and distinct caps on either end. Crystal structures of VHS and FYVE domains fit into the Hrs end caps in the EM density map. Thus, the location of domains that interact with the endosomal membrane, the VHS, FYVE, and C-terminal domains, facilitates the anchorage of Hrs to the membrane, initiating the functional processes of Hrs on the endosome. Based on our model, the Hrs hexamer interacts with the membrane and acts as a “master molecule” that presents multiple sites for protein binding.
At selected sites around the UK, the offshore sentinel flatfish species dab Limanda limanda are found to contain elevated levels of macroscopic liver tumors. Previous proteomic and metabolomic ...studies have demonstrated that differences exist between tumor and non-tumor tissues; however, these differing features were not identified, and little is known about the changes at the gene expression level, or whether prognostic markers are present and can be identified. A flounder Platichthys flesus custom cDNA microarray and RT-PCR were used to investigate hepatic mRNA expression in the histologically confirmed tumors, hepatocellular adenoma (HA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) from dab, and in adjacent normal tissue from the same fish. Differences in gene expression were observed between tumor and normal tissues, and between tumor types. A class-prediction approach using 50 transcripts revealed sufficient group-specific expression profiles to allow segregation of samples dependent on their tumor type or the sex of the host. Vitellogenins were found to display the greatest induction (up to 500-fold induction) in some HC tumors from female fish and in both HA and HC tumors from males. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of vitellogenin expression with tumors of wild fish.
Significant challenges exist toinvestigating uncommon illnesses because too few patients are seen atany single clinical center to permit appropriate research studies. Recognizing this impediment to ...clinical research inα1-antitrypsin deficiency, the Alpha One Foundation, apatient-organized research foundation, has collaborated withclinician-scientists to organize a voluntary registry of individualswith α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
To facilitate clinical research in α1-antitrypsindeficiency by organizing a registry of affected individuals willing tobe approached to participate in clinical studies.
Elements of the Alpha One Foundation Research Network Registry include a Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee, composed of physician-investigators and patient advocates, designatedclinical resource centers at medical institutions with expertise in themanagement of individuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiency, and a data coordinating center with responsibility for databasemanagement and analysis. Questionnaires requesting information aboutdemographic features, α1-antitrypsin phenotype, smokinghistory, and health-care utilization were distributed to prospectiveregistrants through the following channels: mailings from the Alpha One Foundation; mailings from the clinical resource centers; and distribution by home-care and pharmaceutical companies. Informationfrom this questionnaire formed the basis of the initial registrydatabase.
Between May 1997 and June 1999,7,789 forms were distributed, and forms were returned by 712 uniqueregistrants. Registrants have the following characteristics: mean(± SD) age, 49.3 ± 13.2 years; women, 47.7%; white, 96.2%;PI*ZZ phenotype, 70.7%; ex-smokers, 73.3%; COPD patients, 87.2%(emphysema patients, 54.2%; chronic bronchitis patients, 33%); and self-reported liver disease, 6.4%. The mean number of physician visitsreported by registrants in the preceding 12 months was 7.8 ± 9.4,59% reported currently receiving IV augmentation therapy, and 35% reported using supplemental oxygen at home. Examples of ongoingresearch studies using this unique database include: (1) a case-controlstudy to evaluate occupational risk factors for obstructive lungdisease in individuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and (2) a study to evaluate the health-care costs for affectedindividuals.
A registry currentlyincluding 712 individuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiencyhas been organized through a collaboration betweenphysician-investigators and a patient-organized research foundation. Use of the registry has already facilitated studies that werepreviously difficult because of the paucity of identifiable studysubjects. The registry cohort promises to provide an important resourcefor future clinical and epidemiologic studies.
In 2019, the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network (RECON) obtained multiple-chord occultation measurements of two centaur objects: 2014 YY\(_{49}\) on 2019 January 28 and 2013 ...NL\(_{24}\) on 2019 September 4. RECON is a citizen-science telescope network designed to observe high-uncertainty occultations by outer solar system objects. Adopting circular models for the object profiles, we derive a radius \(r=16^{+2}_{-1}\)km and a geometric albedo \(p_V=0.13^{+0.015}_{-0.024}\) for 2014 YY\(_{49}\), and a radius \(r=66 ^{+5}_{-5}\)km and geometric albedo \(p_V = 0.045^{+0.006}_{-0.008}\) for 2013 NL\(_{24}\). To the precision of these measurements, no atmosphere or rings are detected for either object. The two objects measured here are among the smallest distant objects measured with the stellar occultation technique. In addition to these geometric constraints, the occultation measurements provide astrometric constraints for these two centaurs at a higher precision than has been feasible by direct imaging. To supplement the occultation results, we also present an analysis of color photometry from the Pan-STARRS surveys to constrain the rotational light curve amplitudes and spectral colors of these two centaurs. We recommend that future work focus on photometry to more deliberately constrain the objects' colors and light curve amplitudes, and on follow-on occultation efforts informed by this astrometry.
Abstract
In 2019, the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network (RECON) obtained multiple-chord occultation measurements of two Centaur objects: 2014 YY
49
on 2019 January 28 and 2013 ...NL
24
on 2019 September 4. RECON is a citizen-science telescope network designed to observe high-uncertainty occultations by outer solar system objects. Adopting circular models for the object profiles, we derive a radius
km and a geometric albedo
for 2014 YY
49
and a radius
km and a geometric albedo
for 2013 NL
24
. To the precision of these measurements, no atmosphere or rings are detected for either object. The two objects measured here are among the smallest distant objects measured with the stellar occultation technique. In addition to these geometric constraints, the occultation measurements provide astrometric constraints for these two Centaurs at a higher precision than has been feasible by direct imaging. To supplement the occultation results, we also present an analysis of color photometry from the Pan-STARRS surveys to constrain the rotational light curve amplitudes and spectral colors of these two Centaurs. We recommend that future work focus on photometry to more deliberately constrain the objects’ colors and light curve amplitudes and on follow-on occultation efforts informed by this astrometry.
Borderlands migration has been the subject of considerable study, but the authorship has usually reflected a north-of-the-border perspective only. Gathering a transnational group of prominent ...researchers, including leading Mexican scholars whose work is not readily available in the United States and academics from US universities, Mexican Migration to the United States brings together an array of often-overlooked viewpoints, reflecting the interconnectedness of immigration policy. This collection’s research, principally empirical, reveals significant aspects of labor markets, family life, and educational processes. Presenting recent data and accessible explanations of complex histories, the essays capture the evolving legal frameworks and economic implications of Mexico-US migrations at the national and municipal levels, as well as the experiences of receiving communities in the United States. The volume includes illuminating reports on populations ranging from undocumented young adults to elite Mexican women immigrants, health-care rights, Mexico’s incorporation of return migration, the impact of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on higher education, and the experiences of young children returning to Mexican schools after living in the United States. Reflecting a multidisciplinary approach, the list of contributors includes anthropologists, demographers, economists, educators, policy analysts, and sociologists. Underscoring the fact that Mexican migration to the United States is unique and complex, this timely work exemplifies the cross-border collaboration crucial to the development of immigration policies that serve people in both countries.
The Trump Paradox Hinojosa-Ojeda, Raul; Telles, Edward
03/2021
eBook
The Trump Paradox: Migration, Trade, and Racial Politics in
US-Mexico Integration explores one of the most complex and
unequal cross-border relations in the world, in light of both a
...twenty-first-century political economy and the rise of Donald
Trump. Despite the trillion-plus dollar contribution of Latinos to
the US GDP, political leaders have paradoxically stirred racial
resentment around immigrants just as immigration from Mexico has
reached net zero. With a roster of state-of-the-art scholars from
both Mexico and the US, The Trump Paradox explores a
dilemma for a divided nation such as the US: in order for its
economy to continue flourishing, it needs immigrants and trade.
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