Right-Sizing Stem-Rust Research Pardey, P. G.; Beddow, J. M.; Kriticos, D. J. ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
04/2013, Letnik:
340, Številka:
6129
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Is increased support needed for wheat disease research to avert crop losses from current and future strains?
Stem rust caused by
Puccinia graminis
f. sp.
tritici
is a potentially devastating fungal ...disease that can kill wheat plants and small grain cereals but more typically reduces foliage, root growth, and grain yields e.g., (
1
,
2
). After years of success in keeping the disease at bay, new virulent races (collectively referred to as “Ug99”) have emerged, with the potential to infect much of the world's wheat (
3
). Despite, or because of, the success of past research, these programs saw an eventual rundown in support (
4
). We estimate global wheat losses over the past 50 years absent investments in research to limit impacts of stem rust and discuss how this can inform decisions about “right-sizing” research investments.
Electrodeposited nickel composites are often used as protective coatings with many important applications. The filler particles used in these composites can be expensive, requiring energy-intensive ...production methods to produce, whilst the composites themselves are difficult to recycle. The research aim was to use a sustainable filler particle (the spice turmeric), to produce a more sustainable electrodeposited nickel composite coating and characterise its properties. A new low nickel ion concentration electrolyte (LICE) was developed to prevent agglomeration of the turmeric particles in solution. The pure nickel deposit produced from the LICE electrolyte exhibited analogous hardness and salt spray corrosion rate to that of pure nickel deposits produced from a Watts electrolyte. The incorporation of turmeric into the nickel deposit refined the grain structure, increasing the deposit's hardness to 536 HV, its salt spray corrosion rate to 189 mm y−1 and increasing the water contact angle to 104°. The hardness exhibited by the deposits at a turmeric concentration of 5.0 g/L was equal to or better than many nickel composites reported in the literature.
•The electro-co-deposition of turmeric refined the nickel deposit's grain structure.•The grain structure refinement led to enhanced physical properties.•The hardness is greater than that reported for many more commonly used particles.
CuantumFuse nano copper material has been used to assemble functional LED test boards and a small camera board with a 48 pad CMOS sensor quad-flat no-lead chip and a 10 in flexible electronics demo. ...Drop-in replacement of solder, by use of stencil printing and standard surface mount technology equipment, has been demonstrated. Applications in space and commercial systems are currently under consideration. The stable copper-nanoparticle paste has been examined and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; this has shown that the joints are nanocrystalline but with substantial porosity. Assessment of reliability is expected to be complicated by this and by the effects of thermal and strain-enhanced coarsening of pores. Strength, creep, and fatigue properties were measured and results are discussed with reference to our understanding of solder reliability to assess the potential of this nano-copper based solder alternative.
The branching fraction ratio R(D^{*})≡B(Bover ¯^{0}→D^{*+}τ^{-}νover ¯_{τ})/B(Bover ¯^{0}→D^{*+}μ^{-}νover ¯_{μ}) is measured using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 ...fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ^{-}→μ^{-}νover ¯_{μ}ν_{τ}. The semitauonic decay is sensitive to contributions from non-standard-model particles that preferentially couple to the third generation of fermions, in particular, Higgs-like charged scalars. A multidimensional fit to kinematic distributions of the candidate Bover ¯^{0} decays gives R(D^{*})=0.336±0.027(stat)±0.030(syst). This result, which is the first measurement of this quantity at a hadron collider, is 2.1 standard deviations larger than the value expected from lepton universality in the standard model.
A measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions of the B(+) → K(+)μ(+)μ(-) and B(+) → K(+)e(+)e(-) decays is presented using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated ...luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1), recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The value of the ratio of branching fractions for the dilepton invariant mass squared range 1 < q(2) < 6 GeV(2)/c(4) is measured to be 0.745(-0.074)(+0.090)(stat) ± 0.036(syst). This value is the most precise measurement of the ratio of branching fractions to date and is compatible with the standard model prediction within 2.6 standard deviations.
Agriculture. Right-sizing stem-rust research Pardey, P G; Beddow, J M; Kriticos, D J ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
2013-Apr-12, 20130412, Letnik:
340, Številka:
6129
Journal Article
Observations of exotic structures in the J/ψp channel, which we refer to as charmonium-pentaquark states, in Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψK^{-}p decays are presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated ...luminosity of 3 fb^{-1} acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions. An amplitude analysis of the three-body final state reproduces the two-body mass and angular distributions. To obtain a satisfactory fit of the structures seen in the J/ψp mass spectrum, it is necessary to include two Breit-Wigner amplitudes that each describe a resonant state. The significance of each of these resonances is more than 9 standard deviations. One has a mass of 4380±8±29 MeV and a width of 205±18±86 MeV, while the second is narrower, with a mass of 4449.8±1.7±2.5 MeV and a width of 39±5±19 MeV. The preferred J^{P} assignments are of opposite parity, with one state having spin 3/2 and the other 5/2.
The first full amplitude analysis of B^{+}→J/ψϕK^{+} with J/ψ→μ^{+}μ^{-}, ϕ→K^{+}K^{-} decays is performed with a data sample of 3 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected at sqrts=7 and 8 TeV with ...the LHCb detector. The data cannot be described by a model that contains only excited kaon states decaying into ϕK^{+}, and four J/ψϕ structures are observed, each with significance over 5 standard deviations. The quantum numbers of these structures are determined with significance of at least 4 standard deviations. The lightest has mass consistent with, but width much larger than, previous measurements of the claimed X(4140) state.
A
bstract
The isospin asymmetries of
B
→
Kμ
+
μ
−
and
B
→
K
*
μ
+
μ
−
decays and the partial branching fractions of the
B
0
→
K
0
μ
+
μ
−
,
B
+
→
K
+
μ
+
μ
−
and
B
+
→
K
*+
μ
+
μ
−
decays are ...measured as functions of the dimuon mass squared,
q
2
. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb
−1
from proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The isospin asymmetries are both consistent with the Standard Model expectations. The three measured branching fractions favour lower values than their respective theoretical predictions, however they are all individually consistent with the Standard Model.
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