Lifetime measurements in
178
Pt with excited states de-exciting through
γ
-ray transitions and internal electron conversions have been performed. Ionic charges were selected by the in-flight mass ...separator MARA and measured at the focal plane in coincidence with the
4
1
+
→
2
1
+
257
keV
γ
-ray transition detected using the JUROGAM 3 spectrometer. The resulting charge-state distributions were analysed using the differential decay curve method (DDCM) framework to obtain a lifetime value of 430(20) ps for the
2
1
+
state. This work builds on a method that combines the charge plunger technique with the DDCM analysis. As an alternative analysis, ions were selected in coincidence with the
178
Pt alpha decay (
E
alpha
=
5.458
(
5
)
MeV) at the focal plane. Lifetime information was obtained by fitting a two-state Bateman equation to the decay curve with the lifetime of individual states defined by a single quadrupole moment. This yielded a lifetime value of 430(50) ps for the
2
1
+
state, and 54(6) ps for the
4
1
+
state. An analysis method based around the Bateman equation will become especially important when using the charge plunger method for the cases where utilising coincidences between prompt
γ
rays and recoils is not feasible.
A charge plunger device has been commissioned based on the DPUNS plunger (Taylor et al., 2013) using the in-flight mass separator MARA at the University of Jyväskylä. The 152Sm(32S,4n)180Pt reaction ...was used to populate excited states in 180Pt. A lifetime measurement of the 21+ state was performed by applying the charge plunger technique, which relies on the detection of the charge state-distribution of recoils rather than the detection of the emitted γ rays. This state was a good candidate to test the charge plunger technique as it has a known lifetime and depopulates through a converted transition that competes strongly with γ-ray emission. The lifetime of the 21+ state was measured to be 480(10)ps, which is consistent with previously reported lifetimes that relied on the standard γ-ray techniques. The charge plunger technique is a complementary approach to lifetime measurements of excited states that depopulate through both γ-ray emission and internal conversion. In cases where it is not possible to detect Doppler-shifted γ rays, for example, in heavy nuclei where internal conversion dominates, it may well be the only feasible lifetime analysis approach.
Abstract
Lifetime measurements in
$$^{178}$$
178
Pt with excited states de-exciting through
$$\gamma $$
γ
-ray transitions and internal electron conversions have been performed. Ionic charges were ...selected by the in-flight mass separator MARA and measured at the focal plane in coincidence with the
$$4_1^+\rightarrow 2_1^+$$
4
1
+
→
2
1
+
$$257\,$$
257
keV
$$\gamma $$
γ
-ray transition detected using the JUROGAM 3 spectrometer. The resulting charge-state distributions were analysed using the differential decay curve method (DDCM) framework to obtain a lifetime value of 430(20) ps for the
$$2_1^+$$
2
1
+
state. This work builds on a method that combines the charge plunger technique with the DDCM analysis. As an alternative analysis, ions were selected in coincidence with the
$$^{178}$$
178
Pt alpha decay (
$$E_{\mathrm {alpha}} = 5.458(5)$$
E
alpha
=
5.458
(
5
)
MeV) at the focal plane. Lifetime information was obtained by fitting a two-state Bateman equation to the decay curve with the lifetime of individual states defined by a single quadrupole moment. This yielded a lifetime value of 430(50) ps for the
$$2_1^+$$
2
1
+
state, and 54(6) ps for the
$$4_1^+$$
4
1
+
state. An analysis method based around the Bateman equation will become especially important when using the charge plunger method for the cases where utilising coincidences between prompt
$$\gamma $$
γ
rays and recoils is not feasible.
Expensive anaesthesia complications Beeton, AG
Southern African journal of anaesthesia and analgesia,
20/3/1/, Letnik:
18, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The major, costly, and catastrophic adverse consequences of anaesthesia are reviewed. The American Society of Anesthesiologists' closed claims registry yields valuable insights. The size and success ...of claims is determined by the standard of care, and extent of injury. Ongoing assessment of the pattern of claims allows determination of high-risk patients and interventions, as well as the formulation of protocols or practice guidelines to reduce risk. Injuries to previously healthy individuals are inevitably more costly. Respiratory mechanisms still account for the majority of serious adverse events. However, the focus has shifted from intubation problems to extubation and the recovery room. Emerging areas of concern are claims that relate to nerve injury, with or without regional anaesthesia, postoperative visual loss, and monitored anaesthesia care and sedation. An area of particular concern, namely spinal-epidural haematoma associated with central neuraxial blockade, is a typical example of the closed claims registry/taskforce/protocol approach. Specific risk factors, such as use of anticoagulants close to the time of performance of the neuraxial block, traumatic technique, elderly patients, and renal dysfunction, have been identified. Protocols have been devised for risk reduction.
The 10 months after the introduction of the first acute pain relief service (APRS) in southern Africa is described. Seven hundred patients were treated with morphine by means of patient-controlled ...analgesia (PCA), administered to patients after major surgery or extensive burns via the intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) route. The efficacy, safety and resource implications were assessed. The results showed that pain control was good, with the majority of patients (66%) experiencing mild pain during the first 24 hours. The pump was used by each patient for an average of 4.32 days. The mean total dose of morphine used was 105.2 mg via the IV route and 114.6 mg via the SC route. Over the 10 months, the 25 PCA pumps worked 80,000 pump-hours; only 3 pumps malfunctioned. A total of 86,861 mg morphine was used during this period with rare morbidity and no mortality. Only 1 patient experienced sedation and respiratory depression. The benefits of an APRS with PCA to patients and medical staff alike are discussed.
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a well-established technique for the relief of acute and chronic pain. It is widely used in Western hospitals. Patient and staff education is required to provide ...successful analgesia. This paper reports the successful introduction of PCA on a large scale in a provincial hospital. The considerable potential difficulties in communication and education appear to have been overcome. The widespread introduction of PCA in all our hospitals would appear to be feasible.
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