Cyanines during the 1990s: A Review Mishra, Amaresh; Behera, Rajani K; Behera, Pradipta K ...
Chemical reviews,
2000-Jun-14, Letnik:
100, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
An overview of research on cyanines and merocyanines carried out during the 1990s is presented, focusing on the dyes' self-organization, nonlinear optical properties, photodimerization, ...photoisomerization, solvatochromic behavior, behavior in organized system, and use as fluorescent sensors.
•Leaching kinetics study of Nd from scrap magnet (Nd–Fe–B) by green solvent (CH3COOH).•Process optimization for efficient dissolution of Nd from secondary waste.•Extraction of Nd and Fe are ...quantitative using dilute CH3COOH (0.4M) solution.•Leaching of shrinking-sphere model (1-1-X1/3=kapt).
Leaching kinetics of neodymium was investigated from Nd–Fe–B scrap magnet using green solvent as CH3COOH. The Characterization study of the scarp magnet was performed by XRD and SEM–EDAX to ascertain the phase as Nd2Fe14B (31.05% Nd, 65.15% Fe and 0.66% B). Influence of the factors such as CH3COOH concentrations (0.05–0.8M), agitation speed (200–1000rpm), particle size (45–150μm), temperature (308–353K) and S/L ratio (1–5% (W/V)) affecting on leaching of Nd was investigated to obtain an optimum condition. Maximum yield (99.99%) of Nd along with definite extraction of Fe was resulted at the condition: Agitation speed: 800rpm, S/L: 1% (W/V), temp. 353K, 0.4M CH3COOH and particle size: 106–150μm). The key factors such as CH3COOH concentration and temperature appears to be critical on effective dissolution of both Nd and Fe from the scrap magnet phase. Leaching kinetic results showed best fit with the shrinking-sphere model (1-1-X1/3=kapt) ensuring the overall leaching process is governed by surface chemical control mechanism. The activation energy determined from the experimental study was of +17.13kJ/mol further more supports the proposed chemical control leaching process. Thermodynamics variables like ΔG0, ΔH0 values determined from the Arrhenius plot at varied temperature indicating the feasibility of the leaching reaction of endothermic type. Linear dependence of the plot of log kap on log 1/do and a first order dependence of kap with CH3COOH at 0.4M was derived from the above proposed leaching model.
Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most viable and promising enterprises for keeping pace with the surging need for animal protein, providing nutritional and food security to humans, particularly ...those residing in regions where livestock is relatively scarce. With every step toward intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in the stress level in the animal as well as the environment. Hence, disease outbreak is being increasingly recognized as one of the most important constraints to aquaculture production in many countries, including India. Conventionally, the disease control in aquaculture has relied on the use of chemical compounds and antibiotics. The development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. Consequently, with the emerging need for environmentally friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. In recent years, probiotics have taken center stage and are being used as an unconventional approach that has numerous beneficial effects in fish and shellfish culture: improved activity of gastrointestinal microbiota and enhanced immune status, disease resistance, survival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products, probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Therefore, comprehensive research to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of prominent fish species, mechanisms of action of probiotics and their effects on the intestinal ecosystem, immunity, fish health and performance is reasonable. This review highlights the classifications and applications of probiotics in aquaculture. The review also summarizes the advancement and research highlights of the probiotic status and mode of action, which are of great significance from an ecofriendly, sustainable, intensive aquaculture point of view.
Tilapiines are one of the most widely farmed fish species and currently being cultured in >100 countries in the World. Over the last few years, large-scale mortalities have been reported in tilapia ...due to infection with orthomyxo-like virus i.e. Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) which is considered as a threat to global tilapia industry. In the present study, we report outbreaks of TiLV disease in farmed tilapia in two states, West Bengal and Kerala from India. Diseased fish exhibited lethargy, inappetance and skin erosions with >85% mortality. TiLV infection was confirmed on the basis of PCR amplification and sequencing of segment 3 of TiLV, histopathology, infection of fish cell line and bioassay. CLUSTALW alignment of the partial sequences of segment 3 of the TiLV revealed that North 24 Parganas (MF502419) and South 24 Parganas (MF582636) of West Bengal, India showed 97.2% and Ernakulam, Kerala, India (MF574205) showed 96.4% similarity with TiLV from Israel (KJ605629.1). In histopathology, typical syncytial giant cells in liver and congestion of the blood vessels along with haemorrhages in sections of brain tissue were observed. The filtered tissue homogenate prepared from liver and brain of affected tilapia produced cytopathic effects in CFF cell line derived from Pristolepis fasciatus. The disease was successfully reproduced in naive tilapia following injection of culture supernatant from infected cell line and TiLV was successfully reisolated from experimentally infected tilapia. This is the first report of TiLV from India and adds to the reports of TiLV outbreaks in five countries across three continents.
•Mortalities were observed in farmed tilapia from West Bengal and Kerala, India.•Samples were positive for tilapia lake virus(TiLV) in RT PCR amplification.•NCBI-BLAST of the PCR amplicons showed maximum similarity with TiLV from Israel.•Typical syncytial giant cells were observed in sections of liver.•Filtered tissue homogenate from liver and brain of affected tilapia produced CPE in CFF cell line.
The term "Telemedicine" is being used in the medical and health sector to treat patients and to provide medical guidance remotely. The intellectual output from India in terms of publications was ...harvested from Scopus
with the keyword "Telemedicine" and analyzed by using bibliometric techniques.
The source data was downloaded from the Scopus
database. All the publications on telemedicine and indexed in the database up to the year 2021 were considered for scientometric analysis. The software tools VOSviewer
version 1.6.18 to visualize bibliometric networks, statistical software R Studio
version 3.6.1 with the Bibliometrix package Biblioshiny
were used for analysis and data visualization, and EdrawMind
was used for mind mapping.
India contributed 2,391 (4.32%) publications on telemedicine to a total of 55,304 publications worldwide until 2021. There were 886 (37.05%) papers that appeared in open access mode. The analysis revealed that the first paper was published in the year 1995 from India. Steep growth in the number of publications was observed in 2020 with 458 publications. The highest, 54 research publications, appeared in the "Journal of Medical Systems." The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, contributed the highest number of publications (n = 134). A considerable overseas collaboration was observed (USA: 11%; UK: 5.85%).
This is the first such attempt to address the intellectual output of India in the emerging medical discipline of telemedicine and has yielded useful information such as leading authors, institutions, their impact, and year-wise topic trends.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper proposes a new methodology to optimize trajectory of the path for multi-robots using improved gravitational search algorithm (IGSA) in clutter environment. Classical GSA has been improved ...in this paper based on the communication and memory characteristics of particle swarm optimization (PSO). IGSA technique is incorporated into the multi-robot system in a dynamic framework, which will provide robust performance, self-deterministic cooperation, and coping with an inhospitable environment. The robots in the team make independent decisions, coordinate, and cooperate with each other to accomplish a common goal using the developed IGSA. A path planning scheme has been developed using IGSA to optimally obtain the succeeding positions of the robots from the existing position in the proposed environment. Finally, the analytical and experimental results of the multi-robot path planning were compared with those obtained by IGSA, GSA and differential evolution (DE) in a similar environment. The simulation and the Khepera environment result show outperforms of IGSA as compared to GSA and DE with respect to the average total trajectory path deviation, average uncovered trajectory target distance and energy optimization in terms of rotation.
Applications of nanotechnology in various spheres have increased manifold as it offers solution to unsolved problems with higher effectiveness. Nanoemulsions are one such system that are widely ...studied and have a very promising potential in solving various issues as those encountered in delivery of drugs, pesticides or any other biologically potent substance. Apart from this, nanoemulsions have wide applications in the field of food, cosmetics, skincare and agriculture. In this review, we have discussed and compared the methods of nanoemulsion preparation and various methods of synthesis, along with few major applications in various fields of science and technology. We sincerely hope that this review will help to understand the different aspects of nanoemulsions and help us to explore its potent applications in various fields.
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•Nanoemulsions have been employed in various medical applications.•Nanoemulsion based vaccines reveal good protein stability, protein structure integrity and protein specificity.•They increase drug bioavailability, protect drugs from degradation and can be administered via different routes.•Promising applications in cosmetics and skincare.•Numerous nanoemulsion based consumer products in market.
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•Anisotropy study reveals incorporation of OFX inside the cavity of β-CD.•Negative value of ΔH and positive value of ΔS validate that hydrophobic interaction in complex.•Negative ...value of ΔG suggest the complex is spontaneous in nature.
Ofloxacin (OFX) which is poorly soluble fluroquinolone drug exists as cationic form in acidic pH and zwitterionic form in neutral pH. The behaviour of host-guest interaction of Ofloxacin (OFX) with β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been investigated by fluorescence quenching method in acidic and neutral medium using copper as quencher at various temperatures. Using the Benesi−Hildebrand relationship, the stochiometry of the host-guest complexation has been estimated. The incorporation of OFX inside the cavity of β-CD was revealed from fluorescence anisotropy measurement. Effect of temperature on the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) and binding constant (K) has been analyzed and a suitable mechanism has been proposed on the nature of quenching. Using Vant-Hoff equation and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, thermodynamic parameter change of enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and Free Energy (ΔG) has been determined, negative value of ΔH and positive value of ΔS validate that hydrophobic interaction between drug and quencher and negative value of ΔG suggest the complex is spontaneous in nature.
The proposed India-based Neutrino Observatory will host a 50 kton magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) with resistive plate chambers as its active detector element. Its primary focus is to study ...charged-current interactions of atmospheric muon neutrinos via the reconstruction of muons in the detector. We present the first study of the energy and direction reconstruction of the final state lepton and hadrons produced in charged current interactions of atmospheric electron neutrinos at ICAL and the sensitivity of these events to neutrino oscillation parameters θ23 and Δm232. However, the signatures of these events are similar to those from neutral-current interactions and charged-current muon neutrino events in which the muon track is not reconstructed. On including the entire set of events that do not produce a muon track, we find that reasonably good sensitivity to θ23 is obtained, with a relative 1σ precision of 15% on the mixing parameter sin2θ23, which decreases to 21%, when systematic uncertainties are considered.
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