Intercropping and close planting are important cultivation methods that increase soybean yield in agricultural production. However, plant shading is a major abiotic stress factor that influences ...soybean growth and development. Although shade affects leaf morphological parameters and decreases leaf photosynthesis capacity, information on the responses of soybean leaf photosynthesis to shading at proteomic level is still lacking.
Compared with leaves under normal light (CK) treatment, leaves under shading treatment exhibited decreased palisade and spongy tissue thicknesses but significantly increased cell gap. Although shade increased the number of the chloroplast, the thickness of the grana lamella and the photosynthetic pigments per unit mass, but the size of the chloroplast and starch grains and the rate of net photosynthesis decreased compared with those of under CK treatment. A total of 248 differentially expressed proteins, among which 138 were upregulated, and 110 were downregulated, in soybean leaves under shading and CK treatments were detected via isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling in the three biological repeats. Differentially expressed proteins were classified into 3 large and 20 small groups. Most proteins involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms were upregulated. By contrast, proteins involved in photosynthesis were downregulated. The gene family members corresponding to differentially expressed proteins, including protochlorophyllide reductase (Glyma06g247100), geranylgeranyl hydrogenase (Ggh), LHCB1 (Lhcb1) and ferredoxin (N/A) involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins and photosynthesis pathway were verified with real-time qPCR. The results showed that the expression patterns of the genes were consistent with the expression patterns of the corresponding proteins.
This study combined the variation of the soybean leaf structure and differentially expressed proteins of soybean leaves under shading. These results demonstrated that shade condition increased the light capture efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in soybean leaves but decreased the capacity from PSII transmitted to photosystem II (PSI). This maybe the major reason that the photosynthetic capacity was decreased in shading.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The zoonotic enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 can disrupt intestinal epithelial barrier function and in turn leading to serious intestinal and systemic disease. PR39 could ...effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, but there is little knowledge of its effects on intestinal barrier function and the microbiota in E. coli-challenged mice. In this study, an intestinal disease caused by EHEC O157:H7 was established, to analyze the effect of PR39 on EHEC O157:H7 induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury and disorder. Interestingly, PR39 attenuated EHEC O157:H7-induced systemic symptoms and significantly decreased mortality and the degree of E. coli shedding in faeces. Furthermore, the infiltration index of macrophages and neutrophils in intestine of the PR39 treatment group were obviously attenuated, along with the level of apoptosis. PR39 treatment group had distinctly improved tight junction associated proteins' expression after EHEC O157:H7 caused injury. Additionally, the sequencing analysis of cecum microbiota showed that PR39 altered the abnormal increase in Bacteroides caused by EHEC O157:H7 and promoted the growth of probiotics such as Lactobacillus. In conclusion, cathelicidin-derived PR39 could effectively improve EHEC O157:H7-induced epithelial barrier injury, and dysfunction of immune and microbiota homeostasis in the intestinal tract, indicating that PR39 could be an excellent potential drug for zoonotic EHEC O157:H7-related intestinal disease.
With the development of economic globalization, the influence produced by cultural soft power has an irreplaceable role in the comprehensive strength of a country. In this paper, principal component ...analysis is used to classify the main factors affecting the effect of cultural communication, and factor analysis is combined to construct the effect dimensions of Chinese cultural communication. Pearson’s correlation is used to test the correlation between the effect of cultural communication and the four communication factors: degree of cultural satisfaction, degree of cultural cognition, development prospect and degree of publicity. From the perspective of social media information dissemination, a cultural communication model is constructed by combining social networks and used to analyze the effects of cultural communication. Combined with the effect of Chinese culture’s communication with the outside world, a communication path to optimize communication media to improve media influence rates is proposed. The results show that the correlation coefficient between the communication effect and the satisfaction degree factor is 0.348**, and the correlation with the publicity factor is 0.317**, of which the most relevant to the communication effect is the cultural cognition factor, with a correlation of 0.412**. The number of cultural communicators first shows an increasing trend and reaches the maximum value at the moment of t=7, then gradually decreases from the maximum value and finally decreases to 0 at t=15. The influence of cultural communication in the network increases as the media influence rate increases.
Ensuring source location privacy is crucial for the security of underwater acoustic sensor networks amid the growing use of marine environmental monitoring. However, the traditional source location ...privacy scheme overlooks multi-attacker cooperation strategies and also has the problem of high communication overhead. This paper addresses the aforementioned limitations by proposing an underwater source location privacy protection scheme based on game theory under the scenario of multiple cooperating attackers (SLP-MACGT). First, a transformation method of a virtual coordinate system is proposed to conceal the real position of nodes to a certain extent. Second, through using the relay node selection strategy, the diversity of transmission paths is increased, passive attacks by adversaries are resisted, and the privacy of source nodes is protected. Additionally, a secure data transmission technique utilizing fountain codes is employed to resist active attacks by adversaries, ensuring data integrity and enhancing data transmission stability. Finally, Nash equilibrium could be achieved after the multi-round evolutionary game theory of source node and multiple attackers adopting their respective strategies. Simulation experiments and performance evaluation verify the effectiveness and reliability of SLP-MACGT regarding aspects of the packet forwarding success rate, security time, delay and energy consumption: the packet delivery rate average increases by 30%, security time is extended by at least 85%, and the delay is reduced by at least 90% compared with SSLP, PP-LSPP, and MRGSLP.
In 2022, China faced unusually high temperatures, leading to a lack of hydropower in the southwest and increased power demand in the east. This incongruity exerted substantial strain on the power ...system. To tackle this, a structured method called orderly power utilization (OPU) is suggested as an effective approach to manage short-term power shortages and prevent recurring blackouts. However, typical OPU strategies tend to overlook the principles of fairness, openness, and justice (OEJ), potentially causing problems for various users, especially major industries. Herein, we introduce a comprehensive OPU framework. According to the demand difference in OPU plans in different periods, the optimization cycle is divided into several intervals to achieve computational enhancement. Furthermore, in the interest of judiciously managing the manifold OPU resources characterized by heterogeneous parameters, we introduce an aggregated operational model underpinned by the formalism of zonotopic sets. Numerical simulation results indicate the great potential of the proposed method to solve power shortage problems while upholding the imperatives of OEJ.
Halide double perovskites have recently emerged as an environmentally green candidate toward electronic and optoelectronic applications owing to their non-toxicity and versatile physical merits, ...whereas study on high-temperature antiferroelectric (AFE) with excellent anti-breakdown property remains a huge blank in this booming family. Herein, we present the first high-temperature AFE of the lead-free halide double perovskites, (CHMA)
CsAgBiBr
(1, where CHMA
is cyclohexylmethylammonium), by incorporating a flexible organic spacer cation. The typical double P-E hysteresis loops and J-E curves reveal its concrete high-temperature AFE behaviors, giving large polarizations of ~4.2 μC/cm
and a high Curie temperature of 378 K. Such merits are on the highest level of molecular AFE materials. Particularly, the dynamic motional ordering of CHMA
cation contributes to the formation of antipolar alignment and high electric breakdown field strength up to ~205 kV/cm with fatigue endurance over 10
cycles, almost outperforming the vast majority of molecule counterparts. This is the first demonstration of high-temperature AFE properties in the halide double perovskites, which will promote the exploration of new "green" candidates for anti-breakdown energy storage capacitor.
Purpose:
Cardiac insufficiency has been considered to be a common cause of extubation failure. Some studies have shown that central venous pressure (CVP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are able ...to predict extubation outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a pooled analysis to evaluate the potential of CVP and BNP levels as predictors of extubation outcomes, using a cohort of critically ill patients who were on mechanical ventilation (MV).
Methods:
We searched three online electronic databases up to October 2021. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. For each study, the analysis was performed using standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results:
The pooled analysis of seven studies on CVP levels and extubation outcomes showed that elevated CVP levels were significantly associated with extubation failure (SMD:0.47, 95% CI: 0. 43–0.51,
p
< 0.00001). This association also appeared before extubation (SMD:0.47, 95% CI: 0. 43–0.51,
p
< 0.00001), but it did not appear after extubation (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: −0.05–1.31,
p
=0.07). Similarly, pooled analysis of eight studies on BNP levels and extubation outcomes showed that increased BNP levels are closely related to extubation failure (SMD:0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.86,
p
< 0.00001). This relationship also occurs before (SMD: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35–0.79,
p
< 0.00001) and after (SMD: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.59–1.23,
p
< 0.00001) extubation.
Conclusions:
This study showed that elevated CVP and BNP levels are associated with extubation failure in critically ill patients. However, BNP levels are more valuable than CVP levels in predicting extubation outcomes.
The distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) aims at minimizing the power losses and improving the voltage profile. Traditional model-based methods exactly need the network parameters to derive the ...optimal configuration of the distribution network. This paper proposes a DNR method based on model-free reinforcement learning (RL) approach. The proposed method adopts NoisyNet deep Q-learning network (DQN), by which the exploration can be automatically realized without need of tuning the exploration parameters, in order to accelerate the training process and improve the optimization performance. The proposed method is validated by the simulation results.
Xyloglucan is closely associated with cellulose and still retained with some modification in pretreated lignocellulose; however, its influence on lignocellulose biodegradation is less understood.
...GH74 from
s displayed much higher catalytic activity than previously characterized fungal GH74 xyloglucanases. The carbohydrate-binding module 1 (CBM1) deleted variant (
GH74ΔCBM) had the same optimum temperature and pH but an elevated thermostability.
GH74 displayed a high binding affinity on xyloglucan and cellulose, while
GH74ΔCBM completely lost the adsorption capability on cellulose. Their hydrolysis action alone or in combination with other glycoside hydrolases on the free xyloglucan, xyloglucan-coated phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose or pretreated corn bran and apple pomace was compared. CBM1 might not be essential for the hydrolysis of free xyloglucan but still effective for the associated xyloglucan to an extent.
GH74 alone or synergistically acting with the CBH1/EG1 mixture was more effective in the hydrolysis of xyloglucan in corn bran, while
GH74ΔCBM showed relatively higher catalytic activity on apple pomace, indicating that the role and significance of CBM1 are substrate-specific. The degrees of synergy for
GH74 or
GH74ΔCBM with the CBH1/EG1 mixture reached 1.22-2.02. The addition of GH10 xylanase in
GH74 or the
GH74ΔCBM/CBH1/EG1 mixture further improved the overall hydrolysis efficiency, and the degrees of synergy were up to 1.50-2.16.
Breast cancer persists as a major public health issue on a global scale. Lymphangiogenesis is an indispensable element in the promotion of breast cancer metastasis. Inhibiting the metastasis of ...breast cancer can be accomplished through targeting lymphangiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine research trends, major topics, and development directions of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer through a bibliometric analysis, which may serve as a reference for future research and clinical practice.
English publications with article type article or review about lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer from inception to September 30, 2023, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOSCC), and VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel were applied for bibliometric study.
In this paper, a total of 369 articles and reviews were included. The 369 papers were written by 2120 authors from 553 organizations across 42 countries, published in 199 journals, and cited 12458 references from 1801 journals up to September 30, 2023. Moreover, the annual publications had a rising trajectory between 2004 to 2014 but declined from 2015. The US was the leading nation in publications and citations. Meanwhile, academics Mousumi Majumder and Peeyush Lala had the highest cumulative number of publications. Based on the number of publications/citations, Cancer Research was the most influential journal. The most cited paper was "Lymphangiogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Promise" by Tuomas Tammela, published in the Journal of Cell. Additionally, keywords frequency analysis demonstrated that "lymphangiogenesis," "breast cancer," "VEGF-C," "angiogenesis," and "metastasis" were the most frequent keywords, and the newly emergent topics could be represented by "tumor microenvironment," "metastasis," "stem-cell," "triple-negative breast cancer," and "blood vessels."
Currently, there is a strong research basis for lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer. The core research team was primarily situated in the US. Investigating the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer will always remain a highly discussed topic. In particular, it was essential to emphasize the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and tumor microenvironment, stem cells, triple-negative breast cancer, and metastasis, which could be the frontiers.
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