Hebeloma subsection Denudata includes the type of H. section Denudata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, as well as the majority of the taxa commonly included in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex. ...Complementing the work of D.K. Aanen and co-workers,
and using refined morphological and molecular methods we were able to recognize further individual taxa within the section. Fifteen species occurring in Europe are assigned to H. subsect. Denudata. Of these, we describe eight species as new, namely H. aanenii, H. aurantioumbrinum,
H. geminatum, H. louiseae, H. luteicystidiatum, H. pallidolabiatum, H. perexiguum and H. salicicola. Naucoria bellotiana, a species very similar to H. alpinum is recombined into Hebeloma. A key to Hebeloma subsect. Denudata
is provided. We demonstrate that within this subsection there is good overall consistency between morphological, phylogenetic and biological species concepts. In contrast to current opinion, in this group there is little species overlap, particularly when also considering species frequencies,
between arctic and alpine floras on one hand and temperate on the other.
We present a compact, vacuum compatible seismic attenuation system designed to isolate five auxiliary optical benches for Advanced Virgo, a second generation gravitational wave detector. We report on ...the design of the device, coined MultiSAS (multistage seismic attenuation system) and on its measured vibration isolation performance. The latter can be summarized by quoting a payload isolation ratio at 10 Hz of 100 dB and 140 dB in vertical and horizontal, respectively. We also present the design and performance of the MultiSAS control system along the translation degrees of freedom, as well as a discussion of the possible coupling to the angular degrees of freedom. Over a time-scale of 100 s, 1 m magnitude RMS for translational degrees of freedom is achieved for seismic conditions observed in the past five years at the Virgo site and in Amsterdam. The spectral displacement levels are expected to be lower than 10−14 m from 10 Hz onwards in vertical and horizontal. In addition we discuss effects that could deteriorate the performance of the device such as thermal drifts of the mechanical filters, residual acoustic coupling and cradle effects on the inverted pendulum pre-isolation stage. Mitigation strategies or solutions were devised and installed in the five Advanced Virgo systems.
Between 2002 and 2012 regular visits to the Carpathians were made and a number of Hebeloma spp. were collected from the alpine area. In total 44 collections were made that represent 11 species, two ...of which, Hebeloma grandisporum and H. oreophilum, are described here as new. Of the 11 species, four (H. alpinum, H. marginatulum and the two species described as new) are known only from alpine or Arctic habitats. Hebeloma dunense and H. mesophaeum are commonly found in, but not restricted to, alpine habitats. The other five species (H. aanenii, H. laterinum, H. naviculosporum, H. vaccinum, H. velutipes) are usually found in lowland or boreal habitats. Hebeloma naviculosporum is reported for the first time from the alpine zone and H. alpinum for the first time as growing with Helianthemum. All but two species (H. alpinum, H. marginatulum) are reported for the first time from the Carpathian alpine zone. In this paper we discuss the habitat, the 11 recorded species and give detailed descriptions of the two new species, both morphologically and molecularly. A key for Hebeloma species from sect. Hebeloma occurring in Arctic-alpine habitats is provided.
This paper addresses section
Theobromina
within the genus
Hebeloma
(Agaricales). We recognise seven European species within this section, three of which are described as new:
Hebeloma alboerumpens
,
...H. griseopruinatum
and
H
.
parvicystidiatum
. The first two of these species appear to be ectomycorrhizal with Cistaceae:
Cistus
and
Helianthemum
.
Hebeloma parvicystidiatum
is more likely to be in mycorrhizal association with
Quercus
spp. We also provide a key to the European species within sect.
Theobromina
and an updated key of known
Hebeloma
associates of
Cistus
. Molecular analyses based on multiple loci further illustrate the distinctness of the newly described taxa and provide molecular evidence, supporting the morphological evidence, for the relationship that exists among species of this section. The ITS is the only one from the sequenced loci that, alongside with morphology, distinguishes among all of the species of sect.
Theobromina
. The section gains most of its molecular support from the
MCM7
locus, followed by
RPB2
.
In November 2011 a major upgrade of the Virgo gravitational wave detector was started. After these improvements the detector's sensitivity will have increased by an order of magnitude, increasing the ...expected event rate by 103 compared to its predecessor. Extensive noise studies showed that this improvement can only be accomplished if a number of optical benches, hosting ancillary optics and optical sensors for the alignment of the interferometer, are isolated from seismic ground motion to reduce the amount of beam jitter and control noise they introduce. Here we present the first of these systems: the External Injection Bench Seismic Attenuation System, or EIB-SAS, which is able to reduce seismically induced motion of the external injection bench (last bench before laser beam enters the vacuum system) by more than 40dB above 10Hz in 6 degrees of freedom.
Mutations in human
have been linked to symptoms of the early onset of Parkinsonism and Dystonia. This phenotype is likely related to excess manganese accumulation in the CNS. The metal transporter ...ZIP14 (SLC39A14) is viewed primarily as a zinc transporter that is inducible via proinflammatory stimuli.
evidence shows that ZIP14 can also transport manganese. To examine a role for ZIP14 in manganese homeostasis, we used
knock-out (KO) male and female mice to conduct comparative metabolic, imaging, and functional studies. Manganese accumulation was fourfold to fivefold higher in brains of
KO mice compared with young adult wild-type mice. There was less accumulation of subcutaneously administered
Mn in the liver, gallbladder, and gastrointestinal tract of the KO mice, suggesting that manganese elimination is impaired with
ablation. Impaired elimination creates the opportunity for atypical manganese accumulation in tissues, including the brain. The intensity of MR images from brains of the
KO mice is indicative of major manganese accumulation. In agreement with excessive manganese accumulation was the impaired motor function observed in the
KO mice. These results also demonstrate that ZIP14 is not essential for manganese uptake by the brain. Nevertheless, the upregulation of signatures of brain injury observed in the
KO mice demonstrates that normal ZIP14 function is an essential factor required to prevent manganese-linked neurodegeneration.
Manganese is an essential micronutrient. When acquired in excess, manganese accumulates in tissues of the CNS and is associated with neurodegenerative disease, particularly Parkinson-like syndrome and dystonia. Some members of the ZIP metal transporter family transport manganese. Using mutant mice deficient in the ZIP14 metal transporter, we have discovered that ZIP14 is essential for manganese elimination via the gastrointestinal tract, and a lack of ZIP14 results in manganese accumulation in critical tissues such as the brain, as measured by MRI, and produces signatures of brain injury and impaired motor function. Humans with altered ZIP14 function would lack this gatekeeper function of ZIP14 and therefore would be prone to manganese-related neurological diseases.
During the combined commissioning and science run of Virgo in 2010, an extensive noise study revealed that vibrations of some of the injection/detection optics on the external injection bench (EIB) ...made a significant contribution to the interferometer's noise budget. Several resonances were identified between 10 and 100Hz of the EIB support structure and between 200 and 300Hz of the optics mounts. These resonances introduced a significant amount of beam jitter that would limit the sensitivity of Advanced Virgo. This beam jitter needed to be reduced for Advanced Virgo to reach its full potential. To eliminate this noise source we developed a seismic attenuation system to isolate the EIB from ground vibrations: EIB-SAS. It employs vertical and horizontal passive seismic filters based on negative stiffness technology to attenuate seismic noise by 40dB above 10Hz. The isolation capabilities of the system have been characterized up to 400Hz with the aid of a custom designed piezoelectric actuated shaking platform. The results of the vertical and horizontal transfer function measurements are presented.
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