Purpose of review
Optimal treatment requires a thorough understanding of all factors contributing to pain in the individual patient. In this review, we investigate the influence of cultural ...frameworks on pain experience and management.
Recent Findings
The loosely defined concept of culture in pain management integrates a predisposing set of diverse biological, psychological and social characteristics shared within a group. Cultural and ethnic background strongly influence the perception, manifestation, and management of pain. In addition, cultural, racial and ethnic differences continue to play a major role in the disparate treatment of acute pain.
Summary
A holistic and culturally sensitive approach is likely to improve pain management outcomes, will better cover the needs of diverse patient populations and help reduce stigma and health disparities. Mainstays include awareness, self-awareness, appropriate communication, and training.
Eye drops such as topical β-blockers are widely used to treat glaucoma and other ocular diseases. We provide an overview of ophthalmic solutions, including β-adrenergic receptor antagonists, for ...anesthesiologists and others involved in perioperative care. We summarize current evidence about systemic effects of topical β-blockers and other commonly used ophthalmic agents such as parasympathomimetic eye drops, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and emerging products such as combinations of multiple substances. We call for careful preoperative assessment and perioperative management of individuals using eye drops, especially critically ill patients, children, or those undergoing major surgery.
El Maye is a community located in the municipality of Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, in the central region of Mexico. During the late Postclassic period (1350–1521 AD), the Aztecs controlled the area through ...the establishment of a dual-headed system, one part belonging to the Aztec government and the other to the local government. El Maye was the local government center for the Ixmiquilpan territory under the Aztec domain. The residential units of El Maye archaeological site were constructed in 6 different occupational phases, with the presence of large rooms, stucco floors and walls, offerings, and a variety of ceramics belonging to the late Aztec III ceramic period (1400–1520 AD). The Axis Project of the Mezquital Valley (PEVM-ENAH) and the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LEMA-UNAM) have undertaken a collaborative study of the El Maye site by performing absolute radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) dating. For a better understanding of the emergence and development of El Maye, a series of AMS 14C dates of charcoal and bone samples recovered from different stratigraphic levels, was performed. This allowed us to locate the occupation of the site between 1320 and 1625 cal AD.
Background Eating disorders are increasing and show a variety of symptoms. They mainly include anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not specified (EDNOS). They ...predominate in females and represent an important danger, especially in teenagers. In serious cases, they may be life‐threatening.
Objective To determine the prevalence of cutaneous findings in patients with eating disorders and to compare the results with those found in the literature.
Methods An observational, transverse, and prospective study was performed. Two hundred patients of recent admission to ALUBA (association that fights against BN and AN), a psychiatric unit for eating disorders, were included: 122 BN; 62 AN; 16 EDNOS.
Results Patients with eating disorders show dermatologic manifestations (alopecia, xerosis, hypertrichosis, caries, nail fragility) that are secondary to starvation. Russell's sign, seen as calluses on the dorsal aspect of the hands, is a consequence of self‐induced vomiting and the local trauma of the superior incisors. This sign represents a compensatory behavior to overeating and predominates in the BN group.
Conclusion The recognition of dermatologic signs could be of immense value and could lead to the early diagnosis and treatment of these eating disorders.
Background: The chain of Sm isotopes exhibits a wide range of nuclear shapes and collective behavior. While the onset of deformation for N > 82 has been well studied both experimentally and ...theoretically, fundamental data is lacking for some Sm isotopes with N < 82.
Purpose: Electromagnetic transition rates represent a sensitive test of theoretical nuclear structure models. Lifetime measurements are furthermore complementary to Coulomb excitation experiments, and the two methods together can give access to spectroscopic quadrupole moments.
Method: The lifetime of the 2+ 1 state in 140Sm was measured with the recoil-distance Doppler shift technique using the reaction 124Te( 20Ne, 4n) 140Sm at 82 MeV. Theoretical calculations were performed based on a mapped collective Hamiltonian in five quadrupole coordinates (5DCH) and the Gogny D1S interaction.
Results: The lifetime of the 2+ 1 state in 140Sm was found to be 9.1(6) ps, corresponding to aB(E2; 2+ 1 → 0+ 1 ) value of 51(4) Weisskopf units. The theoretical calculations are in very good agreement with the experimental result.
Conclusions: The B(E2; 2+ 1 → 0+ 1 ) value for 140Sm fits smoothly into the systematic trend for the chain of Sm isotopes. The new beyond-mean field calculations are able to correctly describe the onset of collectivity in the Sm isotopes below the N = 82 shell closure for the first time.
Currently there is no consensus regarding reference values for thyroid hormone profile. The purpose of this study was to determine the references values of TSH, Free T^sub 3^ and Free T^sub 4^ in ...adults from the Maracaibo Municipality, Zulia State. the Maracaibo city Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a cross-sectional study which enrolled 2.230 individuals of both sexes over 18 years of age, out of which 425 were selected due to medical history and availability of thyroid function quantification. The reference population subsample was obtained (n=266) by excluding those with personal and family history of thyroid disease, positive anti-thyroid antibodies, cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus and medication usage. the references values for TSH, FT^sub 3^ and FT^sub 4^ are between 2.5th and 97.5th to establish an upper and lower limit respectively: TSH 0.70-5.52 mIU/L, FT^sub 3^ 1.80-4.40 pg/mL, FT^sub 4^ 0.80-1.80 ng/dL. the reference values obtained for our population differ from previous reports from other countries, strengthening the notion that each populace needs their own threshold values, facilitating a proper and efficient diagnosis tool to detect thyroid abnormalities.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiologic behavior of Hypertension (HT) in the Maracaibo Municipality, Zulia state, Venezuela. This was a cross-sectional descriptive ...study, where 2,230 subjects from both genders were randomly selected as part of the Maracaibo city Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study (MMSPS). Complete medical examination, laboratory workup and anthropometry measurements were taken. The quantitative variables were expressed as mean±SD, and comparisons were calculated using t Student test. The qualitative variables were represented as absolute and relative frequencies, and comparisons were obtained using Z test for proportions and associations with c^sup 2^ test. The prevalence of HT was 19.42% (20.92% in women and 17.75% in men). The prevalence of newly diagnosed individuals was 12.0%, with 8.71% in women and 16.90% in men. The overall percentage of HT was 32.02%, being 29.63% in women and 34.65% in men. Several variables were associated with HT, such as glycemic status (χ2=64.97, p<0.001), insulin resistance (c^sup 2^=25.58, p<0.001) and body mass index (c^sup 2^=209.952, p<0.0001). Clinical control of blood pressure was observed in 44.7% of treated and 56.6% of untreated subjects. The most frequent anti-hypertensive drugs were: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors with (n=105), Beta-Blockers (n=97) and Angiotensin Receptor II Blockers (n=32). Even though elevated numbers of AHT are observed in our population combined with low clinical control of blood pressure, there is a lower prevalence of AHT compared to other studies at regional, national or international levels.
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