A large penetration of variable intermittent renewable energy sources into the electric grid is stressing the need of installing large-scale Energy Storage units. Pumped Hydro Storage, Compressed Air ...Energy Storage and Flow Batteries are the commercially available large-scale energy storage technologies. However, these technologies suffer of geographical constrains (such as Pumped Hydro Storage and Compressed Air Energy Storage), require fossil fuel streams (like Compressed Air Energy Storage) or are characterised by low cycle life (Flow Batteries). For this reason, there is the need of developing new large-scale Energy Storage Technologies which do not suffer of the above-mentioned drawbacks. Among the in-developing large-scale Energy Storage Technologies, Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage or Pumped Heat Energy Storage is the most promising one due to its long cycle life, no geographical limitations, no need of fossil fuel streams and capability of being integrated into conventional fossil-fuelled power plants. Based on these evidences, in the present work, a literature survey on the Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage technology is presented with the aim of analysing its actual configurations and state of development.
•A novel type of Integrated Thermal Electricity Storage System is proposed.•Electricity is stored as sensible heat in a man-made high temperature tank.•The mathematical model of the system has been ...built.•Different storage materials and plant control strategies are investigated.•An energetic and a cost analysis is performed.
The spread of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules for green electricity generation is stressing the need of installing large-scale electricity energy storage. Among the in-developing storage technologies, those which store electricity in the form of thermal energy are considered the most promising due to the absence of geological restrictions and long cycle life. In this context, the Authors of the present work, developed a large-scale electricity energy storage unit which uses air as working fluid and stores electrical energy as sensible heat in a man-made tank. As other thermal storage technologies, the proposed one does not suffer of geographical limitations, is characterized by long cycle life and can be assembled with decommissioned devices originally designed for gas turbine plants. In this work, the Authors analyse the plant energetic performance and the construction cost for different storage materials and plant management strategies. Results show that the thermo-physical properties of the storage medium and the charging tolerance affect the plant performance and costs. For these reasons, it is essential selecting the material based on the plant purpose: if the plant works with daily charge/discharge cycle, packed bed made up by limestone or masonry material is suggested while, for weekly charge/discharge cycles, aluminium oxide can be a better storage option.
Dental disease is a common presentation in pet rabbits 1,2 and facial abscesses are often an associated complication. 3 Dental diseases may be either congenital or acquired. 4, 5 Acquired dental ...disease is often caused by a combination of factors including reduced chewing, 6 reduced dietary abrasiveness, 7 and a diet rich in carbohydrates and poor in fibres. 8 Other causes such as metabolic bone disease, 4 trauma, neoplasia and infections have also been reported. 6, 9 Insufficient wear and overgrowth of the teeth may eventually lead to malocclusion, periapical infections and odontogenic abscesses. 5, 10, 11 Abscesses in rabbits present as a large and thick fibrous capsule with poor vascularisation that antibiotics penetrate with difficulties. 6 Moreover, unlike other companion animals, such as cats and dogs, rabbits lack the lysosomal enzyme that digests dead cells transforming them into a liquid form. 6, 12 The purulent material in rabbits is therefore thick and dense making it more difficult to drain when the abscess is lanced. For these reasons, treatment of abscesses in rabbits can be challenging and unrewarding often leading to the euthanasia of the animal. 13 A combination of surgical and medical treatments is often necessary for a successful outcome. 11, 14 Clinical notes for practitioners Odontogenic abscesses in rabbits are generally caused by a combination of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 1044-7 20 Taylor WM, Beaufrère H, Mans C, Smith A. Long-term outcome of treatment of dental abscesses with a wound-packing technique in pet rabbits: 13 cases (1998-2007).
The Bayesian discovery probability of future experiments searching for neutrinoless double-β decay is evaluated under the popular assumption that neutrinos are their own antiparticles. A Bayesian ...global fit is performed to construct a probability distribution for the effective Majorana mass, the observable of interest for these experiments. This probability distribution is then combined with the sensitivity of each experiment derived from a heuristic counting analysis. The discovery probability is found to be higher than previously considered, but strongly depends on whether the neutrino mass ordering is normal or inverted. For the inverted ordering, next-generation experiments are likely to observe a signal already during their first operational stages. Even for the normal ordering, in the absence of neutrino mass mechanisms that drive the lightest state or the effective Majorana mass to zero, the probability of discovering neutrinoless double-β decay can reach ∼50% or more in the most promising experiments.
Resumen: Algunas de las obras de Ibn 'Arabī, como El Secreto de los Nombres de Dios, acerca de los Más Bellos Nombres Divinos nos ayudan a encontrar en las enseñanzas del Šayḫ al-Akbar, el Más Grande ...Maestro, mucho más que metafísica o práctica devocional: descubrimos la dimensión espiritual de la vida cotidiana, un método de autorrealización basado en la experiencia personal de lo sagrado como dinámica de la vida. Para él, todo lo que aparece, o todo lo que se manifiesta, ya sea en el mundo exterior o en nuestra dimensión interior, es una expresión de la auto-revelación divina. Podemos abordar esta cuestión desde varios puntos de vista, y esta multiplicidad, de hecho, ya indica la realidad desde la que se presentan los Nombres.
Abstract: Some of Ibn 'Arabī's works, such as The Secret of the Names of God, on the Most Beautiful Divine Names, help us to find in the teachings of the Shayḫ al-Akbar, the Greatest Teacher, much more than metaphysics or devotional practice: we discover the spiritual dimension of everyday life, a method of self-realisation based on the personal experience of the sacred as life's dynamics. For him, everything that appears, or everything that manifests itself, whether in the external world or in our inner dimension, is an expression of divine self-revelation.We can approach this question from various points of view, and this multiplicity, in fact, already indicates the reality from which the Names are presented.
In this paper, a procedure based on three-dimension matrices is presented: it is the generalization of multiconductor cell analysis to any transmission line where the positions of all the active and ...passive conductors may change with continuity along their length. A meaningful example of this is given by a three-core single lead-screened armoured cable where cores and armour wires are wound helically with different lay lengths. Therefore, this generalization is presented with reference to these cables but it can be applied to any transmission line. The proposed matrix procedures can be implemented in any standard computer by means of a mathematical software (e.g., MATLAB). The computational complexity of this novel method is shown in comparison with the finite element method commercial software FLUX 3D, which takes 70 h for meshing and solving a 3-m long model. On the contrary, the present matrix algorithms take from minute fractions to maximum 2 min (depending on subconductor number) to obtain results having negligible differences with respect to FEM FLUX 3D ones if paramagnetic materials are involved and differences up to maximum 7% with ferromagnetic ones (which imply, for submarine cable installations, a current rating computation difference lower than 3%).
EHV AC Undergrounding Electrical Power discusses methods of analysis for cable performance and for the behaviour of cable, mixed and overhead lines.The authors discuss the undergrounding of ...electrical power and develop procedures based on the standard equations of transmission lines. They also provide technical and economical comparisons of a variety of cables and analysis methods, in order to examine the performance of AC power transmission systems. A range of topics are covered, including: energization and de-energization phenomena of transmission lines, power quality, and cable safety constraints."EHV AC Undergrounding Electrical Power" is a guide to cable insertion planning and the operation of power networks. It will enable readers to make performance comparisons between power transmission systems, which will be valuable for postgraduates, as well as engineers involved in power cable manufacturing or electrical transmission systems.
Italy is a leading country in the biogas sector. Energy crops and manure are converted into biogas using anaerobic digestion and, then, into electricity using internal combustion engines (ICEs). ...Therefore, there is an urgent need for improving the efficiency of these engines taking the real operation into account. To this purpose, in the present work, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology is used to recover the waste heat contained in the exhaust gases of a 1 MWel biogas engine. The ICE behavior being affected by the biogas characteristics, the ORC unit is designed, firstly, using the ICE nameplate data and, then, with data measured during a one-year monitoring activity. The optimum fluid and the plant configuration are selected in both cases using an “in-house” optimization tool. The optimization goal is the maximization of the net electric power while the working fluid is selected among 115 pure fluids and their mixtures. Results show that a recuperative ORC designed using real data guarantees a 30% higher net electric power than the one designed with ICE nameplate conditions.
Abstract
Background
The Bristol Rabbit Pain Scale (BRPS) was developed using a combination of methods, focus groups and behavioural observation, that led to a composite pain scale of six categories ...(Demeanour, Locomotion, Posture, Ears, Eyes and Grooming) with four intensities of pain (0, 1, 2, and 3), and a total score of 0–18. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility, validity and reliability of the BRPS.
Materials and methods
The clinical utility of the BRPS was tested using a questionnaire composed of ten questions each on a five-point Likert scale ranging from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree). The respondents, (veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses), were asked to assess up to four rabbits in acute pain, using the novel pain. They then completed the questionnaire which asked whether the BRPS was easy and quick to use and whether it provided information that was clinically useful. The questionnaire was tested for internal reliability using the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The construct validity (how well the tool measures the concept it was designed for) was measured by observers blindly rating 20 rabbits pre- and post-surgery whilst the criterion validity (the degree to which the tool correlates with a gold standard) was assessed by correlating BRPS scores with scores using a numerical rating scale (NRS) with a total score of 0–10. Inter-rater reliability was tested by quantifying the agreement in the pain scores given by nine participants when assessing the same 40 video clips. The intra-rater reliability was measured by testing how consistent the participants were when rating the same clips one month later.
Results
The median score of the ten questions of the clinical utility test was 4 (range 2–5). The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the clinical utility test was good (α = 0.811) demonstrating good internal consistency. The median (range) pain score of the BRPS and the NRS were 3 (0–14) and 0 (0–8) before surgery and 12 (1–18) and 7 (0–10) after surgery respectively. The BRPS demonstrated high construct validity (Z = -11.452;
p
< 0.001) and there was a strong correlation between the BRPS and the NRS (Rho = 0.851;
p
< 0.001) indicating high criterion validity. The inter-rater and the intra-rater agreements were α = 0.863 and α = 0.861 respectively, which is considered good.
Conclusions
This study showed that the BRPS is a suitable tool for quantifying pain in rabbits in a clinically useful, valid and reliable way.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
40.
Pain in pet rabbits
Veterinary record,
04/2017, Letnik:
180, Številka:
17
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The links to the online questionnaires are, for veterinary surgeons: https://goo.gl/forms/C5mhqfObfirmwJr33 , and for veterinary nurses: https://goo.gl/forms/zdtkX1td7muBESay1 Questions about the ...study can be directed to livia.benato@bristol.ac.uk This study has been approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee.
PDF
