As a part of the transition in higher-level energy systems, distributed cross-sectoral energy systems (DCESs) play a crucial role in providing flexibility in covering residual load (RL). However, ...there is currently no method available to quantify the potential flexibility of DCESs in covering RL. This study aimed to address this gap by comparing the RL demand of a higher-level energy system with the electricity flow between a DCES and the electricity grid. This can allow for the quantification of the flexibility of DCES operation. Our approach was to categorize existing methods for flexibility quantification and then propose a new method to assess the flexibility of DCESs in covering RL. For this, we introduced a new quantification indicator called the Flexibility Deployment Index (FDI), which integrates two factors: the RL of the higher-level energy system and the electricity purchase and feed-in of a DCES. By normalizing both factors, we could compare the flexibility to cover RL with respect to different DCES concepts and scenarios. To validate the developed quantification method, we applied it to a case study of a hospital’s DCES in Germany. Using an MILP optimization model, we analyzed the variation in FDI for different technology concepts and scenarios, including fixed electricity tariffs, dynamic electricity tariffs, and CO2-emission-optimized operation. The results of our calculations and the application of the FDI indicate that high-capacity combined heat and power units combined with thermal storage units provide higher flexibility. Additionally, the results highlight higher flexibility provision during the winter period compared to the summer period. However, further application and research are needed to confirm the robustness and validity of the FDI assessment. Nonetheless, the case study demonstrates the potential of the new quantification method.
Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris Berg, Sebastian Dr; Kuminack, K F
Radiologe,
10/2023, Letnik:
63, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
ZusammenfassungHintergrundBei der Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris (ECF) kommt es zu einem anterosuperioren Gleiten des proximalen Schenkelhalses entlang der Epiphysenfuge. Der Femurkopf verbleibt ...dabei im Azetabulum. Die Genese der Erkrankung ist multifaktoriell. Ein wichtiger Prädispositionsfaktor ist die Adipositas.ProblemDurch die Epiphyseolyse kann die Blutversorgung der Epiphyse gefährdet werden, was in einer Hüftkopfnekrose resultieren kann.Diagnostik und PrognoseDie Initialdiagnostik erfolgt mittels Röntgenbildgebung. Die langfristige Prognose der Erkrankung hängt von der residuellen Deformität ab und mündet im schlechtesten Fall in einer frühen Koxarthrose.
ZusammenfassungEine Reihe von unterschiedlichen erworbenen Pathologien kann das kindliche Hüftgelenk betreffen. Dabei müssen die klassischen und relativ häufigen reaktiven, entzündlichen oder ...überlastungsbedingten Entitäten voneinander differenziert werden. Seltenere bis sehr seltene Pathologien wie die neoplastischen Veränderungen oder der tenosynoviale Riesenzelltumor müssen bei differenzialdiagnostischen Erwägungen mit in Betracht gezogen werden. Die richtige Diagnosestellung, die Therapieplanung und die Verlaufsbeobachtung erfordern eine direkte Abstimmung zwischen Kinderradiologie und Kinderorthopädie. Die Sonographie stellt häufig die Initialdiagnostik dar, gefolgt von der Röntgendiagnostik. Eine weiterführende Beurteilung von Hüftgelenkpathologien ist oft nur mittels Magnetresonanztomographie möglich. In Einzelfällen kann die Computertomographie indiziert sein.
Dynamic reactions of liposomes Berg, Sebastian A; Ravoo, Bart Jan
Soft matter,
01/2014, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Dynamic chemical reactions at the surface of liposomes are of fundamental interest to the understanding of physiological processes at biological membranes and can be exploited to prepare responsive ...soft materials. In this paper we describe a covalent yet reversible reaction between liposomes. To this end we explored the reversible thioester exchange reaction of membrane embedded amphiphilic thioesters with dithiols from solution. It was found that thioester exchange leads to the formation of covalent inter-liposomal cross-links and aggregation of liposomes. Liposome aggregation has a characteristic lag phase and the rate of aggregation depends on the concentration of dithiols as well as on the concentration of liposomes in solution. The reversibility of the aggregation could be demonstrated by dissociation of the liposome clusters by the addition of a monothiol. Furthermore we developed a fluorescence anisotropy assay to monitor the thioester exchange reaction on the membrane surface. To the best of our knowledge, the formation of a dynamic covalent network of liposomes is unprecedented.
Left-wing intellectuals in Britain and the US had long repudiated the Soviet regime. Why was the collapse of the Eastern Bloc experienced as a shock that destabilised their identities and political ...allegiances then? What happened to a collective project that had started out to formulate a socialist vision different from both really existing socialism and social democracy? This study endeavours to answer both questions, focusing on generational networks rather than individuals and investigating political academic journals after 1989 to paint the picture of a Left deeply troubled by the triumph of a capitalism unfettered by any counter-force.
Spiral waves in cardiac tissue can pin to tissue heterogeneities and form stable pinned waves. These waves can be unpinned by electric stimuli applied close to the pinning center during the ...vulnerable window of the spiral. Using a phase transition curve (PTC), we quantify the response of a pinned wave in a cardiac monolayer to secondary excitations generated electric field pulses. The PTC can be used to construct a one-dimensional map that faithfully predicts the pinned wave's response to periodic field stimuli. Based on this 1D map, we predict that pacing at a frequency greater than the spiral frequency, over drive pacing, leads to phase locking of the spiral to the stimulus, which hinders unpinning. In contrast, under drive pacing can lead to scanning of the phase window of the spiral, which facilitates unpinning. The predicted mechanisms of phase scanning and phase locking are experimentally tested and confirmed in the same monolayers that were used to obtain the PTC. Our results have the potential to help choose optimal parameters for low energy antifibrillation pacing schemes.
In this study, ordinal pattern analysis and classical frequency-based EEG analysis methods are used to differentiate between EEGs of different age groups as well as individuals. As characteristic ...features, functional connectivity as well as single-channel measures in both the time and frequency domain are considered. We compare the separation power of each feature set after nonlinear dimensionality reduction using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and demonstrate that ordinal pattern-based measures yield results comparable to frequency-based measures applied to preprocessed data, and outperform them if applied to raw data. Our analysis yields no significant differences in performance between single-channel features and functional connectivity features regarding the question of age group separation.
Objectives:
With an increasing number of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS), patient preferences will gain importance in the decision-making process. We assessed ...patients’ implicit preferences for oral versus parenteral DMTs and identified factors influencing patients’ treatment preference.
Methods:
Patients with relapsing–remitting MS (n = 156) completed a questionnaire assessing treatment preferences, whereby they had to decide between pairs of hypothetical treatment scenarios. Based on this questionnaire a choice-based conjoint analysis was conducted.
Results:
Treatment frequency and route of administration showed a stronger influence on patient preference compared with frequency of mild side effects. The latter attribute was more important for treatment-naïve patients compared with DMT-experienced patients. The higher the Extended Disability Status Scale score, the more likely pills, and the less likely fewer side effects were preferred. Pills were preferred over injections by 93% of patients, when treatment frequency and frequency of side effects were held constant. However, preference switched to injections when pills had to be taken three times daily and injections only once per week. Injections were also preferred when pills were associated with frequent side effects.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that route of administration and treatment frequency play an important role in the patients’ preference for a given DMT.
The article contributes to the literature on the political use of hashtags. We argue that hashtag assemblages could be understood in the tradition of representing public opinion through datafication ...in the context of democratic politics. While traditional data-based epistemic practices like polls lead to the ‘passivation’ of citizens, in the digital constellation this tendency is currently challenged. In media like Twitter, hashtags serve as a technical operator to order the discursive fabrication of diverse publicly articulated opinions that manifest in the assemblage of tweets, algorithms and criticisms. We conceptualize such a critical public as an epistemic sensorium for dislocations based on the expression of experienced social imbalances and its political amplification. On the level of opinion formation, this constitutes a process of democratization, allowing for the expression of diverse opinions and issues even under singular hashtags. Despite this diversity, we see a strong tendency of publicly relevant actors such as news outlets to represent digital forms of opinion expression as unified movements. We argue that this tendency can partly be explained by the affordances of networked media, relating the process of objectification to the network position of the observer. We make this argument empirically plausible by applying methods of network analysis and topic modelling to a dataset of 196,987 tweets sampled via the hashtag #metwo that emerged in the German Twittersphere in the summer of 2018 and united a discourse concerned with racism and identity. In light of this data, we not only demonstrate the hashtag assemblage’s heterogeneity and potential for subaltern agency; we also make visible how hashtag assemblages as epistemic practices are inherently dynamic, distinguishing it from opinion polling through the limited observational capacities and active participation of the actors representing its claims within the hybrid media system.
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