Marked seasonal reproduction is a widespread phenomenon in seaweeds in temperate waters strongly influenced by seasonal variations. In the Baltic Sea, however, the perennial brown alga Fucus ...vesiculosus exhibits two periods of reproduction: early summer (May-June) or late autumn (September-November). In this study, we compared the geographical distribution, the reproductive biology and the recruitment success for F. vesiculosus that reproduce during either of these two periods on the east coast of Sweden. Both monocultures and mixed populations of summer- and autumn-reproducing F. vesiculosus occurred along the mainland coast from the southern parts of the Stockholm archipelago to the southernmost part of Sweden. F. vesiculosus reproduced only during summer around the coasts of the large islands of Öland and Gotland. After reproduction, in July and January respectively, plants that reproduced in summer abscised their receptacles and part of their branches, while plants reproducing in autumn abscised only their receptacles. In laboratory experiments, short-day treatments (light:dark 8:16 h) were shown to initiate receptacles in summer-reproducing plants, whereas plants reproducing in autumn initiated receptacles independently of short- or long-day (light:dark 16:8 h) treatment. Plants reproducing during summer produced more eggs (21.0 × 10
4
eggs/g
−1
frond mass) of smaller size (0.067 mm) than plants reproducing during autumn (8.9 × 10
4
eggs/g
−1
frond mass, egg size 0.070 mm). However, recruitment success in the field was similar irrespective of the period of reproduction. The differences in the photoperiodic response, the differences in reproductive output and egg size between summer and autumn plants, and the observation that a single individual kept the same pattern of reproduction over a period of at least three reproductive seasons, may indicate that the two strategies of reproduction in F. vesiculosus are expressions of two distinct genotypes.
The purpose of this study is the adaptation and validation of the"Survey Work-Home Interaction NijmeGen" (SWING) developed by Geurts and colleagues to Spanish speaking countries (SWING-SSC). In order ...to analyze the questionnaire"s psychometric properties, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out with a sample of 203 employees from various Spanish-speaking countries. Criterion related validity was tested by examining correlations between the SWING-SSC, and the theoretically relevant variables: health, role conflict, role clarity and supervisor support. Finally, reliability was tested analyzing the internal consistency of the scales. The analyses carried out indicate that SWING-SSC has good psychometric properties. In addition, the present results support the relation of the construct with health, role conflict, role clarity, and supervisor support. This study offers evidence for a sound work-life balance measure that contributes to the encouragement adequate conditions in the workplace, to reduce the conflict between the two spheres of professional and personal life, and to enhance positive relationships.
This paper analyses the relationship between external factors, internal factors and satisfaction level of participants in an adult victim-offender mediation (VOM) program. The validated"Criminal ...Mediation Satisfaction Questionnaire" (CSM-P) was administered to 103 offenders and 110 victims. Analysis explored in the entire sample variables related to satisfaction and the relationship between socio-legal variables, criminal record and mediation process with satisfaction level for victims and offenders as well as for participants with low and high satisfaction scores. Results show high satisfaction among victims and offenders. Victim' age and absence of aggravating circumstances were related to higher satisfaction levels.This paper analyses the relationship between external factors, internal factors and satisfaction level of participants in an adult victim-offender mediation (VOM) program. The validated “Criminal Mediation Satisfaction Questionnaire” (CSM-P) was administered to 103 offenders and 110 victims. Analysis explored in the entire sample variables related to satisfaction and the relationship between socio-legal variables, criminal record and mediation process with satisfaction level for victims and offenders as well as for participants with low and high satisfaction scores. Results show high satisfaction among victims and offenders. Victim’ age and absence of aggravating circumstances were related to higher satisfaction levels.
The aim of this research is to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Human System Audit transformational leadership short-scale (HSA-TFL-ES). It is based on the concept of ...Bass developed in 1985. The HSA-TFL is a part of the wider Human System Audit frame. We analyzed the HSA-TFL-ES in five different samples with a total number of 1,718 workers at five sectors. Exploratory Factor Analysis corroborated a single factor in all samples that accounted for 66% to 73% of variance. The internal consistency in all samples was good (α = .92 - .95). Evidence was found for the convergent validity of the HSA-TFL-ES and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. These results suggested that the HSA-TFL short-scale is a psychometrically sound measure of this construct and can be used for a combined and first overall measurement. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala corta de Liderazgo Transformacional de la Auditoría del Sistema Humano (HSA-TFL-ES). La escala se basa en el concepto de Liderazgo Transformacional desarrollado por Bass en 1985. La HSA-TFL-ES ha sido administrada a un total de 1,718 trabajadores, distribuidos en cinco muestras diferentes correspondientes a distintos sectores empresariales. El análisis factorial exploratorio corroboró la existencia de un solo factor que explica entre 66% y 73% de la varianza. La consistencia interna obtenida ha sido buena (α = .92 - .95). Además, los resultados obtenidos muestran validez convergente entre la escala HSA-TFL-ES y el Cuestionario Multifactorial de Liderazgo (Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ). Los resultados evidencian que la escala corta HSA es una medida psicométricamente adecuada del constructo de Liderazgo Transformacional, por lo que puede ser utilizada para una primera medición global del mismo.
This paper analyses the relationship between external factors, internal factors and satisfaction level of participants in an adult victim-offender mediation (VOM) program. The validated “Criminal ...Mediation Satisfaction Questionnaire” (CSM-P) was administered to 103 offenders and 110 victims. Analysis explored in the entire sample variables related to satisfaction and the relationship between socio-legal variables, criminal record and mediation process with satisfaction level for victims and offenders as well as for participants with low and high satisfaction scores. Results show high satisfaction among victims and offenders. Victim’ age and absence of aggravating circumstances were related to higher satisfaction levels.
The dissemination of online information services into higher education has led to constant changes in students’ learning behaviour. Nowadays they use services like Google and Wikipedia most often not ...only during free time but also for studying. At the same time, traditional information media such as the textbook or the printed hand-out from the teacher still form basic pillars in their learning environment. To measure the whole variety of media, that are used for learning, an international long term Media Survey in Higher Education (“MESHED”) was set up by the authors. It aims to get detailed knowledge about how students use media for study from an international and a long term perspective. This knowledge shall be used to develop recommendations for university media strategy, make prognoses for future media trends in higher education and to figure out influences of external dimensions on the media usage. Beginning with a first survey carried out at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany in 2009, currently (October 2013) a total of 30 surveys in ten countries were, or currently are carried out. The survey uses a fully standardized questionnaire that measures the acceptance of 48 media services, such as Google search, library catalogues, printed books, e-books, printed journals, e-journals, e-learning-services, virtual class, Wikipedia, open educational resources, bibliographic software and more. It also measures adjacent areas, such as the learning behaviour, study success, media usage during free time, usage of IT hardware, education biography and sociodemographic factors. This paper focusses on the results of a survey that was conducted at the University of Barcelona (UB) between March and June 2012. There, about 1,000 samples were collected. The data showed an intense use of a broad variety of media among UB students. Though, not all media services were accepted equally: while especially some university external services, such as Google web search or Wikipedia were used by almost every student, other media, e.g. virtual learning services were used on a very low level. An exploration of hidden structures of media usage behaviour, using factor and cluster analysis revealed that especially text and text related media (books, eBooks, library catalogues) seem to have a positive effect on the learning success. A comparison of the Barcelona sample with the data of other countries showed some communalities, e.g. a high usage of Google and other external services. But there were also hints to cultural differences, such as an explicit maverick or non-social learning behaviour of Spanish students. This general tendency also appears in the media sector where they tend to use information media and, compared to students from other countries, use less social media. An additional survey in Canada/Ontario has been conducted in January-February 2013, and at the moment the third survey at the KIT is running. Especially some of the results from Canada show specific aspects, that might be interesting to be compared to the Spanish and German findings.
The aim of this study is to confirm the factorial structure of the Identification-Commitment Inventory (ICI) developed within the frame of the Human System Audit (HSA) (Quijano et al. in Revist ...Psicol Soc Apl 10(2):27–61,
2000
; Pap Psicól Revist Col Of Psicó 29:92–106,
2008
). Commitment and identification are understood by the HSA at an individual level as part of the quality of human processes and resources in an organization; and therefore as antecedents of important organizational outcomes, such as personnel turnover intentions, organizational citizenship behavior, etc. (Meyer et al. in J Org Behav 27:665–683,
2006
). The theoretical integrative model which underlies ICI Quijano et al. (
2000
) was tested in a sample (N = 625) of workers in a Spanish public hospital. Confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling was performed. Elliptical least square solution was chosen as estimator procedure on account of non-normal distribution of the variables. The results confirm the goodness of fit of an integrative model, which underlies the relation between Commitment and Identification, although each one is operatively different.
During the last few decades the perennial seaweed Fucus vesiculosus L. has rapidly declined in large parts of the Baltic Sea. Indirect effects of eutrophication, such as increased turbidity, ...sedimentation, grazing and occurrence of filamentous algae, have generally been suggested as major factors causing the decline. It is only recently, however, that the effects of these factors have been experimentally tested and here we summarise these results in a new conceptual model. In many areas, it might be desirable to enhance the recovery of Fucus artificially, as the natural rate of re-establishment of this important macroalga is limited both in time and space. To be able to optimise and evaluate the potential of restoring Fucus belts in eutrophicated areas, we need to know how eutrophication affects critical steps in its life cycle, such as the attachment, germination and early growth of germlings. We suggest that more attention should be given to the survival of early post-settlement stages in Fucus as they are crucial for the maintenance and re-establishment of populations. We also stress that the two reproductive periods that the species exhibits are included in discussions concerning effects of eutrophication on Fucus, as it is likely that the outcome of reproduction will differ between the two reproductive periods. In the new conceptual model we distinguish between the effects on adult and juvenile life stages and we add the two reproductive strategies of Fucus.
Winning Strategies in Multimove Chess (i, j) Berger, Emily Rita; Dubbs, Alexander
Journal of Information Processing,
2015, 2015-00-00, 20150101, Letnik:
23, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
We propose a class of chess variants, Multimove Chess (i, j), in which White gets i moves per turn and Black gets j moves per turn. One side is said to win when it takes the opponent's king. All ...other rules of chess apply. We prove that if (i, j) is not (1, 1) or (2, 2), and if i ≥ min(j, 4), then White always has a winning strategy, and if i < min(j, 4), Black always has a winning strategy.
Marked seasonal reproduction is a widespread phenomenon in seaweeds in temperate waters strongly influenced by seasonal variations. In the Baltic Sea, however, the perennial brown alga Fucus ...vesiculosus exhibits two periods of reproduction: early summer (May–June) or late autumn (September–November). In this study, we compared the geographical distribution, the reproductive biology and the recruitment success for F. vesiculosus that reproduce during either of these two periods on the east coast of Sweden. Both monocultures and mixed populations of summer- and autumn-reproducing F. vesiculosus occurred along the mainland coast from the southern parts of the Stockholm archipelago to the southernmost part of Sweden. F. vesiculosus reproduced only during summer around the coasts of the large islands of Öland and Gotland. After reproduction, in July and January respectively, plants that reproduced in summer abscised their receptacles and part of their branches, while plants reproducing in autumn abscised only their receptacles. In laboratory experiments, short-day treatments (light:dark 8:16 h) were shown to initiate receptacles in summer-reproducing plants, whereas plants reproducing in autumn initiated receptacles independently of short- or long-day (light:dark 16:8 h) treatment. Plants reproducing during summer produced more eggs (21·0×104 eggs/g−1 frond mass) of smaller size (0·067 mm) than plants reproducing during autumn (8·9×104 eggs/g−1 frond mass, egg size 0·070 mm). However, recruitment success in the field was similar irrespective of the period of reproduction. The differences in the photoperiodic response, the differences in reproductive output and egg size between summer and autumn plants, and the observation that a single individual kept the same pattern of reproduction over a period of at least three reproductive seasons, may indicate that the two strategies of reproduction in F. vesiculosus are expressions of two distinct genotypes.
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