Objective
To investigate the association of maternal circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 25(OH)D3 concentration with pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
Four ...geographical areas of Spain, 2003–2008.
Population
Of 2382 mother–child pairs participating in the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project.
Methods
Maternal circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured in pregnancy (mean SD 13.5 2.2 weeks of gestation). We tested associations of maternal 25(OH)D3 concentration with pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Main outcome measures
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery, caesarean section, fetal growth restriction (FGR) and small‐for‐gestational age (SGA), anthropometric birth outcomes including weight, length and head circumference (HC).
Results
Overall, 31.8% and 19.7% of women had vitamin D insufficiency 25(OH)D3 20–29.99 ng/ml and deficiency 25(OH)D3 < 20 ng/ml, respectively. After adjustment, there was no association between maternal 25(OH)D3 concentration and risk of GDM or preterm delivery. Women with sufficient vitamin D 25(OH)D3 ≥ 30 ng/ml had a decreased risk of caesarean section by obstructed labour compared with women with vitamin D deficiency relative risk (RR) = 0.60, 95% CI 0.37, 0.97). Offspring of mothers with higher circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration tended to have smaller HC coefficient (SE) per doubling concentration of 25(OH)D3, −0.10 (0.05), P = 0.038. No significant associations were found for other birth outcomes.
Conclusion
This study did not find any evidence of an association between vitamin D status in pregnancy and GDM, preterm delivery, FGR, SGA and anthropometric birth outcomes. Results suggest that sufficient circulating vitamin D concentration 25(OH)D3 ≥ 30 ng/ml in pregnancy may reduce the risk of caesarean section by obstructed labour.
All phonons in a single crystal of NaBr are measured by inelastic neutron scattering at temperatures of 10, 300, and 700 K. Even at 300 K, the phonons, especially the longitudinal-optical phonons, ...show large shifts in frequencies and show large broadenings in energy owing to anharmonicity. Ab initio computations are first performed with the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) in which the phonon frequencies depend only on V and on T only insofar as it alters V by thermal expansion. This QHA is an unqualified failure for predicting the temperature dependence of phonon frequencies, even 300 K, and the thermal expansion is in error by a factor of 4. Ab initio computations that include both anharmonicity and quasiharmonicity successfully predict both the temperature dependence of phonons and the large thermal expansion of NaBr. The frequencies of longitudinal-optical phonon modes decrease significantly with temperature owing to the real part of the phonon self-energy from explicit anharmonicity originating from the cubic anharmonicity of nearest-neighbor NaBr bonds. Anharmonicity is not a correction to the QHA predictions of thermal expansion and thermal phonon shifts but dominates the behavior.
The objective of this scoping review was to identify, describe, and characterize the literature on probiotic supplementation in dairy calves. Eligible studies were nonrandomized, quasi-randomized and ...randomized controlled trials in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and health of dairy calves. The search strategies were based on a modification of the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) framework and used synonyms and words related to “dairy calves” (population), “probiotics” (intervention), and “growth and health measurements” (outcomes). No restrictions for publication year or language were applied. Searches were conducted in Biosis, CAB Abstracts, Medline, Scopus, and the Dissertations and Theses Database. In total, the search identified 4,467 records, of which 103 studies (110 controlled trials) met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published between 1980 and 2021 and originated from 28 countries. Trials were randomized (80.0%), nonrandomized (16.4%), and quasi-randomized (3.6%), ranging in sample size from 5 to 1,801 dairy calves (mode = 24; average = 64). Enrolled calves were frequently Holstein (74.5%), males (43.6%), and younger than 15 d at the beginning of probiotic supplementation (71.8%). Often, trials were conducted in research facilities (47.3%). Trials evaluated probiotics with single or multiple species of the same genus: Lactobacillus (26.4%), Saccharomyces (15.4%), Bacillus (10.0%), Enterococcus (3.6%), or multiple species of various genera (31.8%). Eight trials did not report the probiotic species used. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium were the species most supplemented to calves. The duration of probiotic supplementation ranged from 1 to 462 d (mode = 56; average = 50). In trials with a constant dose, it ranged from 4.0 × 106 to 3.7 × 1011 cfu/calf per day. Most probiotics were administered mixed solely into feed (88.5%; whole milk, milk replacer, starter, or total mixed ration) and less frequently orally as a drench or oral paste (7.9%). Most trials evaluated weight gain (88.2%) as a growth indicator and fecal consistency score (64.5%) as a health indicator. Our scoping review summarizes the breadth of controlled trials evaluating probiotic supplementation in dairy calves. Differences in intervention design (mode of probiotic administration, dose, and duration of probiotic supplementation) and outcomes evaluation (type and methods) justify future efforts toward standardized guidelines in clinical trials.
Introduction
There has been a growing interest in our society for aesthetic interventions and achieving perfect beauty standards. We analyze its relationship with the mental health of our present ...time.
Objectives
1. Describe the most frequent pathologies associated with aesthetic interventions.
2. Describe the population that most frequently uses these interventions.
3. Management of this pathology.
Methods
Systematic bibliographic review of the literature of the last 5 years following the PRISMA recommendations between March and June 2021.
Results
4 articles were included. Most of them coincide in a high prevalence of borderline personality disorders, high impulsivity, high levels of anxiety, low perceived self-esteem and dysmorphophobia. Greater coordination between physicians who are dedicated to aesthetics and mental health is proposed due to the rise of this fashion.
Conclusions
1. High increase in the use of aesthetic techniques.
2. Women who consume these techniques more.
3. High prevalence of personality disorders.
4. High prevalence of dysmorphophobia.
5. Referral is recommended in some cases to mental health consultations for specific treatment.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) defines a set of developmental abnormalities due to a loss of genetic material. Phenotypic expression is highly varied. The immunological ...alterations that present as a severe combined immunodeficiency and the neurodevelopmental alterations stand out, especially the psychotic symptoms. It is the best described genetic alteration for the development of psychosis, presenting up to 30% of patients with compatible symptoms, with various hypotheses that justify it.
Objectives
General objective:
1. Justify that SD2q11 can be used as a model for human research on the origin of psychosis.
Specific objectives
1. Describe the pro-inflammatory state present in SD2q11.
2. Describe differences at the immunological level in SD2q11 among those patients with presence of psychotic symptoms of those who do not present them.
3. Describe possible biomarkers.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature in the last 5 years using electronic resources (PubMed and WOS) until June 2021 following the PRISMA recommendations.
Results
Three original articles were reviewed. There is a very marked pro-inflammatory state in 22q11DS patients with psychotic symptoms. They present an increase in subpopulations of CD4. The IL-17 is important in the formation in primitive stages of the hippocampus, its ease of breaking the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio is presented as a possible biomarker to predict patients at high risk of developing psychosis.
Conclusions
There is sufficient evidence that patients with 22q11DS can be used as a research model regarding possible hypotheses about the genesis of psychosis.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Prebiotic supplementation has been studied as a means to enhance growth and health in dairy calves; however, results seem to be inconsistent across studies. The first objective of the future review ...is to identify, summarize, appraise, and discuss the current literature on the prebiotic supplementation for dairy calves. The second objective is to evaluate the effect of prebiotic supplementation on growth and health of dairy calves. Eligible studies will be non-randomized and randomized controlled trials in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that examined the supplementation of prebiotics to dairy calves (up to 6 months of age) and reported growth or health outcomes. The main growth outcomes will be average daily gain, feed efficiency, and main health outcomes will be fecal score and diarrhea incidence. A search will be conducted in Biosis, CAB Abstracts, Medline, Scopus, and the Dissertations and Theses Database with the support of a UC Davis librarian. Two reviewers independently will screen the titles and abstracts of retrieved studies. The screening of full manuscripts will be performed by one reviewer. The data extraction will be executed based on pre-tested forms. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. If feasible, a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted. Heterogeneity will be evaluated with I2 statistic. If possible, publication bias will be investigated by using funnel plots, Begg's adjusted rank correlation, and Egger's test. The certainty of the evidence will be determined using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach. The proposed review will contribute to the current knowledge on prebiotic supplementation for dairy calves; this information may guide management decision at the farm level and identify gaps of knowledge to be addressed in future research. The protocol is registered in Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ar5g2/) and available in the Systematic Reviews for Animals and Food (http://www.syreaf.org/contact/).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present magnetohydrodynamical simulations of a strong accretion on to magnetized proto-neutron stars for the Kesteven 79 (Kes 79) scenario. The supernova remnant Kes 79, observed with the Chandra ...ACIS-I instrument during approximately 8.3 h, is located in the constellation Aquila at a distance of 7.1 kpc in the galactic plane. It is a galactic and a very young object with an estimate age of 6 kyr. The Chandra image has revealed, for the first time, a point-like source at the centre of the remnant. The Kes 79 compact remnant belongs to a special class of objects, the so-called central compact objects (CCOs), which exhibits no evidence for a surrounding pulsar wind nebula. In this work, we show that the submergence of the magnetic field during the hypercritical phase can explain such behaviour for Kes 79 and others CCOs. The simulations of such regime were carried out with the adaptive-mesh-refinement code flash in two spatial dimensions, including radiative loss by neutrinos and an adequate equation of state for such regime. From the simulations, we estimate that the number of thermal neutrinos expected on the Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment is 733 ± 364. In addition, we compute the flavour ratio on Earth for a progenitor model.
•The stereoselectivity of CALB was modified by the support and its functionalization.•Heterofunctional silica allowed obtaining the most stereoselective biocatalyst.•Silica biocatalysts were the most ...active and stable in organic solvents.
The main goal of this work was to study different strategies of immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in order to evaluate changes in the selectivity of this enzyme when R-α-monobenzoate glycerol (R-α-MBG) is obtained through of asymmetric esterification. CALB was immobilized on sepharose and silica functionalized with octyl groups (monofunctional supports) and undecanol–glyoxyl and octyl-epoxide groups (heterofunctional supports). Our results showed that the enzyme could be immobilized by all carriers, with activity yields ranging from 52% to 83%. CALB immobilized on silica octyl was the most active (367IUg−1biocatalyst) with immobilization yields in terms of protein and expressed activity of 72% and 50% respectively and exhibited a higher half-life in 100% 1,4-dioxane at 50°C (85,000h). In contrast, CALB immobilized on heterofunctional silica support was the most selective biocatalyst, reaching an enantiomeric excess of 99% of R-α-MBG in 100% 1,4-dioxane. In terms of configuration the sepharose biocatalysts results in a S-enantiomer, while silica biocatalysts results in a R-enantiomer. The catalysis of asymmetric esterification of glycerol with benzoic acid to obtain R-α-MBG by CALB immobilized in heterofunctional silica is highly selective and, to our knowledge, is the most selective reported to date.
The measurement of the period and period derivative, and the canonical model of dipole radiation have provided a method to estimate the low superficial magnetic fields in the so-called central ...compact objects (CCOs). In the present work, a scenario is introduced in order to explain the magnetic behavior of such CCOs. Based on magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the post core-collapse supernova phase during the hypercritical accretion episode, we argue that the magnetic field of a newborn neutron star could have been early buried. During this phase, thermal neutrinos are created mainly by the pair annihilation, plasmon decay, photo-neutrino emission and other processes. We study the dynamics of these neutrinos in this environment and also estimate the number expected of the neutrino events with their flavor ratios on Earth. The neutrino burst is the only viable observable that could provide compelling evidence of the hypercritical phase and therefore, the hidden magnetic field mechanism as the most favorable scenario to explain the anomalous low magnetic fields estimated for CCOs.
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