En France, les dispositifs des soins psychiques permettant une hospitalisation conjointe mère–bébé sont peu nombreux: une vingtaine d’unité d’hospitalisation temps plein (environ 60 lits) (dont ...10 disposent d’hospitalisation de jour) et 6 unités d’hospitalisation de jour. L’Unité parents bébé du CH de Montfavet à Avignon est la plus ancienne et la plus importante (en termes de capacité d’accueil) de ces dernières. L’Unité Parents–Bébé du Centre Hospitalier de Montfavet est un dispositif global de prévention et de soin des troubles des premiers liens. Elle a pour objectif d’accompagner et de soigner des femmes et des hommes en difficulté dans leur processus de parentalité, de soutenir la construction des premiers liens entre parents et enfants, de prévenir et de soigner les conséquences de ces troubles chez l’enfant. Nous présenterons ici ses spécificités et les modalités de soin. Interventions les plus précoces possible (au cours de la grossesse ou en amont) en lien avec les professionnels de première ligne (Sage-femmes, gynécologues, « psys », pédiatres, PMI…). Consultations, psychothérapies, soins psychiques à médiation corporelle, accompagnement personnalisé en hospitalisation conjointe mère–bébé (voire père–bébé) à la journée, une à plusieurs fois par semaine. Soin en réseau personnalisé, attention portée à l’entourage familial et aux liens avec les professionnels autour de la famille, à la continuité dans le soin. L’UPB est aussi unité conseil ressource pour les grossesses et les naissances à risques psychiques bien identifiés par les professionnels de la région avec lesquels nous collaborons régulièrement (conseil auprès des professionnels libéraux et institutionnels, participation aux staffs médico-psycho-sociaux dans les maternités..)
New livestock production systems, based on intensification in large farms, produce huge amount of manures and slurries without enough agricultural land for their direct application as fertilisers. ...Composting is increasingly considered a good way for recycling the surplus of manure as a stabilised and sanitised end-product for agriculture, and much research work has been carried out in the last decade. However, high quality compost should be produced to overcome the cost of composting.
In order to provide and review the information found in the literature about manure composting, the first part of this paper explains the basic concepts of the composting process and how manure characteristics can influence its performance. Then, a summary of those factors such as nitrogen losses (which directly reduce the nutrient content), organic matter humification and compost maturity which affect the quality of composts produced by manure composting is presented. Special attention has been paid to the relevance of using an adequate bulking agent for reducing N-losses and the necessity of standardising the maturity indices due to their great importance amongst compost quality criteria.
•We compare the percolation network of carbon nanotubes and graphene in epoxy nanocomposites.•Carbon nanotubes readily form a percolated network characterized by high viscosity and high electrical ...conductivity.•The low viscosity of the graphene dispersions let us double the maximum amount of carbon nanotubes.•Graphene is the most effective reinforcing filler without compromising their processability.
This paper compares the filler percolation network of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown by chemical vapor deposition and thermally reduced functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) in an epoxy resin. The filler network was evaluated by the plate–plate rheological response of un-cured dispersions and the electrical properties of cured materials. We found that FGS did not raise the viscosity of the system as much as MWCNT, maintaining the Newtonian behavior even at 1.5wt.% FGS. MWCNT readily formed a filler network compared to FGS, evidenced by lower electrical and rheological percolation thresholds, presence of yield stress and higher storage modulus of the dispersions. On the other hand, the mechanical performance of the cured FGS nanocomposites outperformed the MWCNT, with enhancements of 50% and 15% of Young’s modulus and strength, respectively. This combination of good processing properties with low viscosity and enhanced mechanical properties makes FGS great candidates to develop multifunctional polymer materials.
This Special Report presents a description of Geant4‐DNA user applications dedicated to the simulation of track structures (TS) in liquid water and associated physical quantities (e.g., range, ...stopping power, mean free path…). These example applications are included in the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit and are available in open access. Each application is described and comparisons to recent international recommendations are shown (e.g., ICRU, MIRD), when available. The influence of physics models available in Geant4‐DNA for the simulation of electron interactions in liquid water is discussed. Thanks to these applications, the authors show that the most recent sets of physics models available in Geant4‐DNA (the so‐called “option4” and “option 6” sets) enable more accurate simulation of stopping powers, dose point kernels, and W‐values in liquid water, than the default set of models (“option 2”) initially provided in Geant4‐DNA. They also serve as reference applications for Geant4‐DNA users interested in TS simulations.
High total and bioavailable concentrations of As in soils represent a potential risk for groundwater contamination and entry in the food chain. The use of organic amendments in the remediation of ...As-contaminated soils has been found to produce distinct effects on the solubility of As in the soil. Therefore, knowledge about As adsorption-desorption processes that govern its solubility in soil is of relevance in order to predict the behaviour of this element during these processes. In this paper, the objective was to determine As adsorption and desorption in four different soils, with and without compost addition, and also in competition with phosphate, through the determination of sorption isotherms. Batch experiments were carried out using three soils affected differently by previous mining activity of the Sierra Minera of La Unión-Cartagena (SE Spain) and an agricultural soil from Segovia province (central Spain). Adsorption was higher in the mining soils (and highest in the acidic one) than in the agricultural soils, although the latter were not affected negatively by organic matter or phosphate competition for sorption sites. The results show that As adsorption in most soils, both with and without compost, fitted better a multimolecular layer model (Freundlich), whereas As adsorption in competition with P fitted a monolayer model (Langmuir). Moreover, the use of compost and phosphate reduced the adsorption of As in the mining soils, while in the agricultural soils compost increased their low adsorption capacity. Therefore, the use of compost can be a good option to favour As immobilisation in soils of low adsorption, but knowledge of the soil composition will be crucial to predict the effects of organic amendments on As solubility in soils and its associated environmental risk.
•High As adsorption capacity in mine Fe-rich soils was lowered by compost addition.•Contrastingly, compost increased very low As adsorption in a sandy agricultural soil.•Desorption of As was low and did not significantly change with compost addition.•Competition with phosphate diminished As adsorption capacity of all soils.•As sorption and P-competition fitted Freundlich and Langmuir models, respectively.
Soil pH and mineralogical composition condition the effects of organic matter and phosphate on As sorption/desorption processes in soil.
•Ridge waveguides on 700nm thickness lithium niobate have been fabricated.•Argon plasma etching on ICP–RIE has been used.•Final cleaning treatment allows to remove redeposited material with a result ...of smooth side walls.•Single mode propagation with 5dB/cm of overall optical losses has been experimentally measured.
Lithium Niobate (LN) exhibits unique physical properties such as remarkable electro-optical coefficients and it is thus an excellent material for a wide range of fields like optic communications, lasers, nonlinear optical applications, electric field optical sensors etc. In order to further enhance the optical device performance and to be competitive with silicon photonics, sub-micrometric thickness lithium niobate films are crucial. A big step has been achieved with the development of LN thin films by using smart cut technology and wafer bonding and these films are nowadays available in the market. However, it is a challenge to obtain the requirements of the high quality thin LN film waveguide. In this letter, we show smooth ridge waveguides fabricated on 700nm thickness thin film lithium niobate (TFLN). The fabrication has been done by developing and optimizing three steps of the technological process, the mask fabrication, the plasma etching, and a final cleaning wet etching step in order to remove the lithium niobate redeposition on the side walls. We have obtained single mode propagation with light overall losses of only 5dB/cm.
Silicon nitride (Si
3N
4) based ceramics are gaining more and more attention due to their promising high-temperature thermal and mechanical properties. They have been expected to be the main ...candidates for applications such as turbocharger rotors and gas turbine engine components which can withstand severe conditions of temperature and heavy loads. Although a big number of studies on silicon nitride are published, a continuous progress in monolithic Si
3N
4 as well as Si
3N
4/Si
3N
4 composites (seeded materials) leads to new scientific and technological data providing new insight that should be reviewed taking into account their excellent properties at high temperatures. Silicon nitride possesses a bunch variety of interesting properties that can be specifically designed to produce a given behavior profile. That is why the room temperature and high-temperature properties are discussed and described in more detail.
► The effects of compost and pig slurry on a trace element-polluted soil were studied. ► Microbial biomass, its activity, and seed germination tests were clearly improved. ► Zn and Pb ...EDTA-extractable fractions and As solubility were slightly increased. ► Their use in phytoremediation strategies can be an ecological recycling option.
The use of organic wastes as amendments in heavy metal-polluted soils is an ecological integrated option for their recycling. The potential use of alperujo (solid olive-mill waste) compost and pig slurry in phytoremediation strategies has been studied, evaluating their short-term effects on soil health. An aerobic incubation experiment was carried out using an acid mine spoil based soil and a low OM soil from the mining area of La Unión (Murcia, Spain). Arsenic and heavy metal solubility in amended and non-amended soils, and microbial parameters were evaluated and related to a phytotoxicity test. The organic amendments provoked an enlargement of the microbial community (compost increased biomass-C from non detected values to 35
μg
g
−1 in the mine spoil soil, and doubled control values in the low OM soil) and an intensification of its activity (including a twofold increase in nitrification), and significantly enhanced seed germination (increased cress germination by 25% in the mine spoil soil). Organic amendments increased Zn and Pb EDTA-extractable concentrations, and raised As solubility due to the influence of factors such as pH changes, phosphate concentration, and the nature of the organic matter of the amendments. Compost, thanks to the greater persistence of its organic matter in soil, could be recommended for its use in (phyto)stabilisation strategies. However, pig slurry boosted inorganic N content and did not significantly enhance As extractability in soil, so its use could be specifically recommended in As polluted soils.
Free of human interference the soil trace element content is largely dependent on that of the soil parent material and acting weathering processes. An increasingly industrialised society has, ...however, led to the widespread introduction of trace metals and metalloids into our environment, causing acute and diffuse contamination of soil. The last two decades have seen the emergence of eco-friendly, gentle soil remediation techniques known as phytoremediation. This review focuses on two subtypes of phytoremediation: phytoextraction and phytostabilisation. Phytoextraction aims to remove trace elements from the soil through their uptake and accumulation by plants. In contrast, phytostabilisation aims to establish a vegetation cover and promote
in situ inactivation of trace elements by combining the use of metal-tolerant plants and soil amendments. In both these processes the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements in the soil, particularly at the root–soil interface (or rhizosphere) where root uptake or exclusion takes place, is a critical factor affecting their outcome and success. Developing new methods to either enhance (for phytoextraction) or reduce (for phytostabilisation) the bioavailability of metal contaminants in the rhizosphere could significantly improve the efficiency of these remediation techniques. Here we aim to provide an up-to-date review of mechanisms operating in the rhizosphere and their potential role in improving phytoremediation strategies.
•Amendments successfully reduced metal solubility modifying pH and redox conditions.•The N leaching risks depend on the N form provided by the organic amendments.•Nutrients from amendments stimulated ...ryegrass growth but did not limit metal uptake.•The dose of the amendments needs to be adjusted to avoid nutrient loss by leaching.
A mesocosm experiment, in columns, was conducted in a growth chamber to assess the viability of two organic materials (pig slurry and compost; in combination with hydrated lime) for the remediation of a highly acidic and trace elements (TEs) contaminated mine soil and the reduction of its associated leaching risks. Their influence on the evolution throughout the soil depth of the physicochemical properties (including TEs mobility) of the soil and soil solution (in situ periodic collection) and on Lolium perenne growth and foliar TEs accumulation was evaluated. Soluble and extractable concentrations of the different TEs were considerably high, although the organic amendments (with lime) and lime addition successfully decreased TEs mobility in the top soil layer, as a consequence of a rise in pH and changes in the redox conditions. Compost and pig slurry increased the soluble organic-C and dissolved N, K and P of the soil, producing a certain downwards displacement of N and K. The organic amendments allowed the growth of L. perenne in the soil, thus indicating improvement of soil conditions, but elevated TEs availability in the soil led to toxicity symptoms and abnormally high TEs concentrations in the plants. An evaluation of the functioning and ecotoxicological risks of the remediated soils is reported in part II: this allows verification of the viability of the amendments for remediation strategies.
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