University students are often affected by food insecurity (FI) and this situation has been associated with low consumption of fruit/vegetables and high intake of added sugars and sweet drinks. ...However, there needs to be more evidence on the association between FI and dietary patterns (DPs), assessing the overall diet and allowing analysis of commonly consumed food combinations. We aimed to analyze the association between FI and DPs in university students' households.
We used data from 7659 university student households from the 2018 Mexican National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH, for its acronym in Spanish). We obtained FI levels (mild, moderate, and severe) using the validated Mexican Food Security Scale (EMSA, Spanish acronym). Two DPs were identified by principal component analysis based on the weekly frequency of consumption of 12 food groups. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted by university student and household's characteristics was applied.
Compared to food security, households with mild-FI (OR:0.34; 95%CI:0.30, 0.40), moderate-FI (OR:0.20; 95%CI:0.16, 0.24) or severe-FI (OR:0.14; 95%CI:0.11, 0.19) were less likely to adhere to the dietary pattern "Fruits, vegetables and foods rich in animal protein" (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish or seafood, dairy products, and starchy vegetables). In addition, people with severe-FI (OR:0.51; 95% CI:0.34, 0.76) were also less likely to adhere to the dietary pattern "Traditional-Westernized" (pulses, oils or fats, sugar, sweets, industrialized drinks, foods made from corn/maize, wheat, rice, oats or bran, coffee, tea and eggs).
In these households FI impairs the ability to consume a healthy dietary pattern (fruits/vegetables and foods rich in animal protein). In addition, the intake of foods typical of the Mexican food culture reflecting the local Western dietary pattern is compromised in households with severe-FI.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by increased blood sugar concentration and insulin resistance. Although there are only a few reports of potential benefits of ...flaxseed’s consumption on different metabolic parameters, there is no evidence of its effect among people with these conditions.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of flaxseed supplementation on glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM.
A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science, to identify Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of milled or ground flaxseed supplementation on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin concentrations, or HOMA-IR. The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 3.3 in a fixed-effect model.
Seven studies were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis, the results showed a significant reduction on fasting blood sugar (SMD: −0.392, 95% CI: −0.596, −0.187, p = <0.001, I2 = 64.81%) insulin concentrations, (SMD: −0.287, 95% CI: −0.534, −0.041, p = 0.022, I2 = 32.53%), HbA1c (SMD: −0.442, 95% CI: −0.770, −0.114, p = 0.008, I2 = 11.058%), and HOMA-IR (SMD: −0.284, 95% CI: −0.530, −0.038, p = 0.024, I2 = 0.00%) after flaxseed supplementation.
Flaxseed supplementation seems to improve glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM; however, more RCTs are needed to have more decisive evidence about doses, method of supplementation, and the possible effect of synergy with the dietetic treatment.
•Flaxseed supplementation may improve glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.•Flaxseed supplementation may improve insulin concentrations and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.•Further studies are needed to address methodological aspects, such as the administration, dosage, and the combined effect with other treatments.
Household food insecurity (FI) remains a major public health challenge worldwide. Data about perceived FI and its risk factors in Mexican university students are lacking. We aimed to assess FI’s ...prevalence and factors affecting it among university students’ households in Mexico. This cross-sectional analysis involved 7671 university students’ households using the 2018 Mexican National of Household Income and Expenditure Survey data. Variables analyzed included sociodemographic characteristics, and the 12-item validated Mexican Scale for Food Security (EMSA). Multivariable logistic regression modelling was performed to identify FI risk factors. The overall household FI prevalence was 30.8%. According to FI severity, prevalence rates were 16.3% for mild-FI, 8.8% for moderate-FI, and 5.7% for severe-FI. Low socioeconomic status (OR = 2.72; 95%CI: 2.09–3.54), low education level of household’s head (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.90–2.94), self-ascription to an indigenous group (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.41–1.79), attending public university (OR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.13–1.43), female-headed household (OR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.13–1.40), having worked recently (OR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.07–1.33), and being in second year of studies (OR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.03–1.33), were significantly related to FI. Our results confirm that FI is highly prevalent among Mexican university students’ households and that sociodemographic factors are essential in addressing this concern. Findings highlight the need for preventive programs and policies to alleviate FI.
Evaluation of food intake quality using validated tools makes it possible to give individuals or populations recommendations for improving their diet. This study's objective was to evaluate the ...reproducibility and ability to identify dietary patterns of the second version of the Mini Food Intake Quality Survey (Mini-ECCA v.2). The survey was administered using a remote voting system on two occasions with four-week intervals between administrations to 276 health science students (average age = 20.1 ± 3.1 years; 68% women). We then performed a per-question weighted kappa calculation, a cluster analysis, an ANOVA test by questionnaire item and between identified clusters, and a discriminant analysis. Moderate to excellent agreement was observed (weighted κ = 0.422-0.662). The cluster analysis identified three groups, and the discriminant analysis obtained three classification functions (85.9% of cases were correctly classified): group 1 (19.9%) was characterized by higher intake of water, vegetables, fruit, fats, oilseeds/avocado, meat and legumes (healthy food intake); group 2 (47.1%) frequently consumed both fish and unhealthy fats (habits in need of improvement); group 3 (33%) frequently consumed sweetened beverages, foods not prepared at home, processed foods, refined cereals and alcohol (unhealthy food intake). In conclusion, the Mini-ECCA v.2 has moderate to excellent agreement, and it is able to identify dietary patterns in university students.
Emotional eating (EE) is food consumption in response to feelings rather than hunger. EE is related to unhealthy food intake and abdominal obesity (AO). However, little evidence exists about the ...association between EE and dietary patterns (DPs) and EE−AO interaction related to DPs. DPs allow describing food combinations that people usually eat. We analyzed the association of EE with DPs in adults (≥18 years) with AO (WC ≥ 80/90 cm in women/men, respectively; n = 494; 66.8% women;) or without AO (n = 269; 74.2% women) in a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis allowed identifying four DPs from 40 food groups (validated with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire). Among the subjects presenting AO, being “emotional/very-emotional eater” (emotional eating questionnaire) was negatively associated with the “Healthy” DP (fruits, vegetables, olive oil, oilseeds, legumes, fish, seafood) (OR:0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88, p = 0.013) and positively with the “Snacks and fast food” DP (sweet bread, breakfast cereal, corn, potato, desserts, sweets, sugar, fast food) (OR:1.88; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.03, p = 0.010). Emotional eaters with AO have significantly lower fiber intake, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C, while they had a higher intake of sodium, lipids, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fats. In non-AO participants, EE was not associated with any DP (p > 0.05). In conclusion, EE is associated with unhealthy DPs in subjects with AO.
El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la prevalencia de deserción en los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Nutrición (LN) de una universidad pública de México, las causas relacionadas con la ...deserción y agruparlas de acuerdo a sus características. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en dos fases, en la fase 1 se identificaron los datos históricos de deserción del programa educativo. En la fase 2, se aplicó una encuesta de construcción propia con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, de la cual se obtuvo la respuesta de 75 estudiantes desertores. La encuesta incluyó un análisis dicotómico (sí, no) de 18 factores asociados a la deserción escolar, totalizando 22 al incorporar los aspectos cualitativos obtenidos de la opción de respuesta "otros"; estos factores se agruparon en seis categorías. Se encontró una tasa de deserción escolar del 18% para el plan de estudios actual y el intermedio y hasta el 33% en el primer plan de estudios. De los desertores detectados, el 58.6% lo hizo en el primer año de estudios. El 66% de los desertores reprobaron al menos una unidad de aprendizaje y tienen una calificación promedio de 72.71, por debajo de la media general de la LN del centro universitario (91.8). De los desertores, el 49.3% identificó el cambio de carrera como su motivo de abandono, este factor forma parte de la categoría de "causas vocacionales" que ocupó el primer lugar con el 72%, seguido de "aspectos personales" con el 49.3% incluyendo 3 casos de maternidad; y en tercer lugar la categoría de "aspectos económicos" (26.7%). El principal motivo de deserción de los alumnos de la LN son los aspectos vocacionales relacionados con la búsqueda de otra carrera
Childhood obesity and children being overweight has increased recently; although they are multi-causal problems, an unhealthy diet is a critical component. In Mexico, drinking water consumption in ...children from 9 to 18 years only reaches 30% of total fluid consumption. The aim of our study was to describe the social representations (SR) of drinking water in school-children and parents of two schools in Zapopan, Mexico. Associative free listing was used as an information gathering technique. Schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years (n = 50) and parents (n = 23) from two elementary schools were selected by a convenience sampling from April to June 2015. A similarity analysis was performed using the co-occurrence index; with this, a similarity graph was obtained. Prototypical analysis was performed to explore the structure of the SR. Three dimensions were described in the children’s SR: a functional dimension related to health and nutrition, a practical dimension that describes the instruments used for its consumption, and a theoretical dimension that specifies the characteristics of water and its relationship with nature. In the parents’ SR, a functional dimension was also found; another dimension was described regarding the integral well-being that drinking water provides. A practical dimension describes the features related to its consumption. The investigation describes the structure of the water SR, which help to contextualize and explain the actions of schoolchildren and their parents regarding drinking water consumption.
To describe an e-Health intervention to improve vegetables and fruit intake among working Mexican adults, based on the Social Cognitive Theory.
We developed an e-Health intervention “neoser”, based ...on the Social Cognitive Theory and on results of a previous formative research conducted in a group of working adults. The main purpose of “neoser” is to increase vegetables and fruits intake (200 g per day, each). This study is a quasi-experimental pre-post single group. The participants recruitment will be carried out through e-posters by email and social media (Facebook and Instagram). Based on the literature, we consider a minimum sample size of 55 participants. “neoser” consists of 12 weekly sessions (nine educational sessions and three workshops) applying nine behavior change techniques targeting the constructs of the SCT. Strategies include support groups, reinforcement activities, a recipe book, and a handbook with activities and extra information to reinforce acquired knowledge and skills. “neoser” will be implemented through social media (Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp), Zoom sessions, website and YouTube channel. The sessions will last 45 minutes with 20 participants, maximum, per session. Participants will complete online questionnaires to evaluate knowledge and constructs of the SCT, and 3-day dietary records; anthropometric measured and biochemical assessments will be obtained at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The main results are the vegetables and fruit intake, constructs of the SCT and knowledge. The secondary results are weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body water and fat, muscle mass and biochemical analyzes (lipids profile and blood glucose). The comparison of the results will be performed using t-test, chi-square, confidence intervals and analysis of variance), with a significance level of P < 0.05.
Not apply
This intervention could contribute to the adoption and maintenance of vegetables and fruit consumption in Mexican workers and promote the use of e-Health interventions as global well-being digital strategies.
Postgraduate Incorporation and Permanence Program of the National Program of Postgraduate Quality (PROINPEP) from Universidad de Guadalajara
Analyzing pregnant women’s iron intake using dietary patterns would provide information that considers dietary relationships with other nutrients and their sources. The objective of this study was to ...evaluate the reproducibility and relative validity of a Qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to identify iron-related dietary patterns (FeP-FFQ) among Mexican pregnant women. A convenience sample of pregnant women (n = 110) completed two FeP-FFQ (FeP-FFQ1 and FeP-FFQ2) and a 3-day diet record (3DDR). Foods appearing in the 3DDR were classified into the same food groupings as the FeP-FFQ, and most consumed foods were identified. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Scores were compared (FeP-FFQ for reproducibility and FeP-FFQ1 vs. 3DDR for validity) through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), cross-classification, Bland−Altman analysis, and weighed Cohen kappa (κw), using dietary patterns scores tertiles. Two dietary patterns were identified: “healthy” and “processed foods and dairy”. ICCs (p < 0.01) for “healthy” pattern and “processed foods and dairy” pattern were 0.76 for and 0.71 for reproducibility, and 0.36 and 0.37 for validity, respectively. Cross-classification and Bland−Altman analysis showed good agreement for reproducibility and validity; κw values showed moderate agreement for reproducibility and low agreement for validity. In conclusion, the FeP-FFQ showed good indicators of reproducibility and validity to identify dietary patterns related to iron intake among pregnant women.
Evaluating food intake quality may contribute to the development of nutrition programs. In Mexico, there are no screening tools that can be administered quickly for the evaluation of this variable. ...The aim was to determine the reproducibility of a mini-survey designed to evaluate the quality of food intake (Mini-ECCA) in a Mexican population. Mini-ECCA consists of 12 questions that are based on Mexican and international recommendations for food and non-alcoholic beverage intake, with the support of photographs for food quantity estimation. Each question scores as 0 (unhealthy) or 1 (healthy), and the final score undergoes a classification procedure. Through the framework of a nutritional study, 152 employees of the municipal water company in Guadalajara, Mexico (April⁻August 2016), were invited to participate. The survey was administered in two rounds (test and retest) with a 15-day interval between them. We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and weighted kappa for score classification agreement (SPSS versus 14
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant). The survey obtained a "good" reproducibility (ρ = 0.713,
< 0.001), and an excellent concordance (ICC = 0.841 Confidence Interval 95% 0.779, 0.885). It can thus be said that the Mini-ECCA displayed acceptable reproducibility and is suitable for the purpose of dietary assessment and guidance.
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