Managing Stress in Music Education presents research, theory, possible pitfalls, and strategies for music teachers looking to navigate the challenging climate of potential stressors.
Covering a wide ...range of topics such as sleep, physical movement, nutrition, happiness, gratitude, and mindfulness, this book offers music educators the tools to thrive in a work environment that can often lead to stress and burnout. Readers will examine vignettes of challenged and successful music teachers, and consider new techniques and classic reminders for a healthy enjoyment of work and life.
Grounded in research and written in an accessible and concise manner, Managing Stress in Music Education is an excellent addition to any music teacher's bookshelf.
Nonmetallic inclusions are well known to influence product quality and process stability in the production of steel. A process step that is very sensitive to the presence of nonmetallic inclusion ...(NMI) is continuous casting. Here, the so‐called clogging phenomenon can occur, resulting in a distinct disruption of the casting process and decreased steel quality. The presence of nonmetallic inclusions considerably contributes to the build‐up of deposits in the submerged entry nozzle provoking instabilities in the flow control system. Numerous research studies have been subject to different clogging mechanisms and related influencing parameters. Interfacial properties significantly influence the behavior of inclusions in the steel–refractory system. The present review demonstrates state of the art concerning the role of NMIs in the appearance of clogging. Particular focus is put on the wetting behavior between the different phases and their consequence for the deposition process. Industrial observations and laboratory methods are summarized and discussed; potential countermeasures are evaluated. A steel group that is especially prone to clogging are Ti‐ ultra low carbon (ULC) steels. An overview of the current understanding of their high clogging tendency and possible influences is presented, considering thermodynamic and interfacial aspects.
Clogging is still a vivid problem in the continuous casting of steel. The presence of NMIs significantly contributes to the formation of build‐ups in the flow control system. The role of interfacial reactions in the system steel‐inclusion‐refractory is discussed in detail. Particular focus is put on the clogging sensitivity of Ti‐ ultra low carbon (ULC) steels.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are commended as photocatalysts for H
evolution and CO
reduction as they combine light-harvesting and catalytic functions with excellent reactant adsorption ...capabilities. For dynamic processes in liquid phase, the accessibility of active sites becomes a critical parameter as reactant diffusion is limited by the inherently small micropores. Our strategy is to introduce additional mesopores by selectively removing one ligand in mixed-ligand MOFs via thermolysis. Here we report photoactive MOFs of the MIL-125-Ti family with two distinct mesopore architectures resembling either large cavities or branching fractures. The ligand removal is highly selective and follows a 2-step process tunable by temperature and time. The introduction of mesopores and the associated formation of new active sites have improved the HER rates of the MOFs by up to 500%. We envision that this strategy will allow the purposeful engineering of hierarchical MOFs and advance their applicability in environmental and energy technologies.
Farm animal welfare has climbed on the public agenda over the last decades. However, while expectations of public engagement in animal welfare are high, the scholarly literature does not point out ...any clear dynamic behind public involvement. This article argues that people's trust in institutional actors is a key explanatory factor. Most people's connection to farm animals and farms is indirect and rather . To paraphrase, people observe animal welfare through ‘a veil of trust’ in institutions. With dependence on the actions and information from institutional actors, the social dynamics of public concern are closely related to trust in these actors. Trust varies, depending on the social context. Based on a unique integration of Norwegian public opinion surveys conducted from 1997 to 2020, the article analyses how people's concerns and worries over animal welfare are linked to trust in the truth‐telling of institutional actors. The generally high trust in institutions in Norway may therefore explain the continued low levels of public concern for animal welfare. But our analysis also shows that the ‘veil of trust’ in institutions flutters over time and between different categories of actors.
Oxidation processes are unavoidable in continuous casting and further hot processing of steel. A deeper understanding of the occurring phenomena such as intergranular oxidation and liquid metal ...infiltration of grain boundaries is essential to continuously improve the quality of the products. In this study, oxidation experiments were performed with simultaneous thermal analysis for two thin slab casting and rolling applications under near-process conditions up to the point prior to the first reduction stage. The experiments were performed for two low-carbon steels contaminated with undesirable tramp elements (Cu, Sn, …). In addition, the two steels contain Silicon at different levels. The results show that for the "Endless Strip Production" process (ESP), intergranular oxidation is significantly less pronounced compared to a "Thin Slab Casting and Rolling process" with a gas-fired tunnel furnace (TSCR TF). Due to the short process time at high temperatures in the ESP process, hardly any liquid metal infiltration by copper appears. In low silicon steel, intergranular oxidation results from various oxides, and liquid metal infiltration appears simultaneously in the TSCR TF process. Furthermore, the yield loss from oxidation is significantly higher in the TSCR TF process. The change from a natural gas combustion atmosphere to a hydrogen combustion atmosphere further increases the oxidation rate and results in a higher mass loss.
Continuous casting of peritectic steels is often difficult and critical; bad surface quality, cracks, and even breakouts may occur. The initial solidification of peritectic steels within the mold ...leads to formation of surface depressions and uneven shell growth. As commercial steels are always multicomponent alloys, the influence also of the alloying elements besides carbon on the peritectic phase transition needs to be taken into account. Information on the solidification sequence and phase diagrams for initial solidification are lacking especially for new steel grades, like high-alloyed TRIP-steels with high Mn, Si, and particularly high Al contents. Based on a comprehensive method development, the current study shows that differential scanning calorimeter measurements allow a clear prediction if an alloy is peritectic (
i.e.,
critical to cast). In order to confirm these results, thermo-optical analyses with a high-temperature laser-scanning-confocal-microscope are performed to observe the phase transformations in situ up to the melting point.
Influence of slag viscosity and composition on the inclusion content in the steel is studied using laboratory experiments and modeling simulations. The steel samples are taken during the experimental ...process to record the inclusion content change. Afterwards the prepared samples are analyzed using automated scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) method. A simple steel/slag reaction model is constructed based on the effective equilibrium reaction zone (EERZ) method. The inclusion content evolution process is discussed by combining the experimental and calculated results. It is found that the inclusion content evolution in the steel is determined by the inclusion generation and removal.
A simple microsegregation model for steel considering MnS formation in the liquid and solid phases is proposed. The concentration of the solutes during the solidification is calculated using the ...discretized Scheil-Gulliver model for steel (SGS). In the calculation, the planar dendrite is divided into a finite number (n) of elements to record the local solid concentrations and calculate the mass fraction of MnS precipitation during further cooling. The solidification part of the model is validated by measured solidification temperatures and the MnS formation amount predicted by the FactSage thermochemical software. The model was applied to evaluate the high-temperature ductility of the selected steel. The optimum Mn content of the assumed steel was obtained based on the simulation.
We report the optical conductivity in high-quality crystals of the chiral topological semimetal CoSi, which hosts exotic quasiparticles known as multifold fermions. We find that the optical response ...is separated into several distinct regions as a function of frequency, each dominated by different types of quasiparticles. The low-frequency intraband response is captured by a narrow Drude peak from a high-mobility electron pocket of double Weyl quasiparticles, and the temperature dependence of the spectral weight is consistent with its Fermi velocity. By subtracting the low-frequency sharp Drude and phonon peaks at low temperatures, we reveal two intermediate quasilinear interband contributions separated by a kink at 0.2 eV. Using Wannier tightbinding models based on first-principle calculations, we link the optical conductivity above and below 0.2 eV to interband transitions near the double Weyl fermion and a threefold fermion, respectively. We analyze and determine the chemical potential relative to the energy of the threefold fermion, revealing the importance of transitions between a linearly dispersing band and a flat band. More strikingly, below 0.1 eV our data are best explained if spin-orbit coupling is included, suggesting that at these energies, the optical response is governed by transitions between a previously unobserved fourfold spin-3/2 node and a Weyl node. Our comprehensive combined experimental and theoretical study provides a way to resolve different types of multifold fermions in CoSi at different energy. More broadly, our results provide the necessary basis to interpret the burgeoning set of optical and transport experiments in chiral topological semimetals.
A model-based process control of material production processes demands realistic material models describing the local evolution of the thermal and mechanical state variables, i.e., temperature, ...stress, strain, or plastic strain, for the relevant microstructure state. In the present work, a material model for the specific microstructure in a continuously cast strand shell, viable for reproducing cyclic viscoplastic effects, was developed for a 0.17 wt.% C steel. Experimental data was generated using directly-cast samples and a well-controllable testing facility to apply representative loading conditions. Displacement- and force-controlled experiments in the temperature range of 700-1100 °C were conducted, with a special focus on the relevant strain rates documented for the straightening operation. A temperature-dependent constitutive material model combining elastic, plastic, and viscoplastic effects was parameterized to fit the whole set of experimentally-determined material response curves. In order to account for the cyclic plastic material response, a combination of isotropic and kinematic hardening was considered. The material model sets a new standard for the material description of a continuously cast strand shell, and it can be applied in elaborate continuous casting simulations.
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