Strong evidence indicates that moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is positively associated with fitness in youth, independent of total sedentary-time. Sedentary-time appears negatively ...associated with fitness only when it replaces MVPA. However, whether different sedentary-patterns affect health-related fitness is unknown.
The associations between MVPA and sedentary-patterns with physical fitness were examined in 2698 youths (1262 boys) aged 13.4 ± 2.28 years. Sedentary-time (counts · minute
< 100) and PA were objectively measured by accelerometry. Each break (≥100 counts · min
< 2295) in sedentary-time and the frequency of daily bouts in non-prolonged (<30 min) and prolonged (≥30 min) sedentary-time were determined. The FITNESSGRAM® test battery was used to assess fitness. A standardized fitness composite-score (z-score) was calculated by summing the individual z-scores of the five tests adjusted to age and sex.
Positive associations between MVPA and fitness were observed in both boys (β = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.005; 0.021) and girls (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.006; 0.022), independent of sedentary-patterns. Modest associations were found for the breaks in sedentary-time with fitness (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.009; 0.042), independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA in boys. In girls, non-prolonged sedentary bouts were positively associated with fitness (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.003; 0.024), independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA.
These results reinforce that, independent of the time and patterns of sedentary behavior, MVPA is consistently associated with fitness in youth. Modest and inconsistent associations were found for sedentary behaviors. Breaking-up sedentary-time in boys and non-prolonged sedentary bouts in girls were positively associated with fitness, independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA. In order to enhance youth's fitness, public health recommendations should primarily target MVPA, still, suggestion to reduce and break-up sedentary-time may also be considered.
•Phase angle was directly associated with isolated and grouped physical fitness indicators in adolescents.•The phase angle values can vary according to physical fitness, which indicates the use of ...phase angle as a marker that presents variability depending on the level of physical fitness of adolescents.•The phase angle is as a useful tool to be used in physical assessments and screening of recommendations for physical activity, physical exercise, and health-related physical fitness.
Objective: Examine association between phase angle and isolated and grouped physical fitness indicators in adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 353 adolescents, aged 10–16 years. Phase angle was calculated based on crude resistance and reactance values (50 kHz frequency) obtained by tetrapole electrical bioimpedance (BIA). Fat mass and lean mass were estimated by means of anthropometric equations. Hydraulic dynamometer was used to measure handgrip strength and aerobic fitness was obtained by means of the 20-m back-and-forth test. The z-score for isolated and grouped physical fitness indicators was calculated. Covariates were age, habitual physical activity and screen time (obtained by questionnaire), and sexual maturation (self-reported). Results: For males, phase angle was directly associated with lean mass (β = 0.02, p < 0.01), handgrip strength (β = 0.03, p < 0.01), and aerobic fitness (β = 0.01, p = 0.05), even adjusting for covariates. For females, phase angle was directly associated with lean mass (β = 0.02; p = 0.04) after adjusting for covariates. Phase angle was directly associated with composite physical fitness z-score in both sexes (male, β = 0.09, p < 0.01, female, β = 0.03, p = 0.05), even adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Phase angle was directly associated with isolated and grouped physical fitness indicators in adolescents. In this way, the phase angle can be used to monitor the health of adolescents.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p469 Exposure to sedentary behavior may contribute to health problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of exposure to simultaneous ...sedentary behavior domains and verify associated sociodemographic characteristics among technical and administrative servers of a Brazilian university. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with 623 technical and administrative servers. Sedentary behavior was identified through a questionnaire in the following domains: commuting (active / passive), sitting time at work, daily time spent watching television and computer use (≥3 hours / day). Sociodemographic variables were age, sex and educational level. The prevalence of servers that had one, two, three and four simultaneous sedentary behavior was 28.4%, 43.2%, 22.5% and 4.3%, respectively. Women were more likely to have three sedentary behavior simultaneously (OR = 1.61, CI 95% = 1.02, 2.56). Servers with 9-11 years of schooling were less exposed to two (OR = 0.27, CI 95% = 0.17, 0.44), three (OR = 0.39, CI 95% = 0.23, 0.66) and four (OR = 0.22, CI 95% = 0.07; 0.69) sedentary behavior simultaneously and those over 12 years of schooling were less likely of having two (OR = 0.22, CI 95% = 0.10; 0.49) and three (OR = 0.15, CI 95% = 0.05, 0.46) sedentary behavior simultaneously. More than half of servers have two sedentary behavior during the week. Having sedentary behavior in more than one domain simultaneously was associated with sex and educational level.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p471 The benefits that the regular practice of physical activity (PA) provides to health and its importance in preventing and fighting chronic ...diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the Stages of Behavior Change (SBC) for PA among technicaladministrative servers and its association with sociodemographic and health risk factors. This cross-sectional study investigated 622 technical-administrative servers (337 women) from a Brazilian federal university. SBC for PA, sociodemographic information (gender, age, marital status and educational level) and health risk factors (inadequate eating habits, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, commuting and PA at work) were collected through questionnaires. Multinomial regression with adjustment for the hierarchical level was applied and significance level of 5% was adopted. The distribution of technical-administrative servers in SBC for PA identified prevalence of 9.1% and 6.5% in the pre-contemplation stage, 24.6% and 33.5% in contemplation, 33.3% and 22 6% in preparation, 5.6% and 12.2% in action and 27.4% and 25.2% in maintenance stages between men and women, respectively. Lower odds ratio of being in the preparation stage was identified among women (OR=0.62; CI95%=0.41; 0.93) while those with inadequate eating habits were more odds to be in the “pre-contemplation + contemplation” (OR=2.77; CI95%=1.85; 4.15) and preparation stages (OR=1.75; CI95%=1.12; 2.70). Over 60% of technical-administrative servers are insufficiently active (pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation stages) and factors associated with SBC were female sex and inadequate eating habits.
Abstract The association of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior performed in the school context with cardiovascular risk factors is unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study ...was to evaluate whether MVPA and SB during school time are associated with single and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in 10- to 16-year-old school students. This study used the baseline data from a non-randomized controlled clinical trial (“MEXA-SE”) conducted on 6th to 9th-grade students from schools in Florianopolis, Brazil. Skinfolds, resting blood pressure, 20-m shuttle-run test, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and white blood cell counts were obtained. MVPA and SB were objectively measured with accelerometers. A minimum of 180 minutes was considered valid school-time for analysis. Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex and habitual physical activity was used. School-time MVPA was positively associated with the peak VO2 (β = 0.17 ml.kg.min-1), and inversely associated with sum of four skinfolds (β = -0.96 mm), diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.36 mmHg), systolic blood pressure (β = -0.301 mmHg); triglycerides (β = -1.49 mg.dL-1), and clustered cardiovascular risk factors (β = -0.123). School-time SB was positively associated with clustered cardiovascular risk factors (β = 0.033). In conclusion, independently of habitual physical activity level, school-time MVPA and a lower time in SB were associated to single and clustered cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, the promotion of strategies aimed increase MVPA and reduce SB at school may prevent the onset and early accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence.
Resumo A associação da atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) realizados no contexto escolar com fatores de risco cardiovascular é inconclusiva. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a AFMV e o CS realizados durante o período escolar estão associados a fatores de risco cardiovasculares em escolares de 10 a 16 anos. Utilizou-se os dados da linha de base de um estudo clínico controlado não randomizado (“MEXA-SE”) realizado com alunos do 6º ao 9º ano de escolas de Florianópolis, Brasil. Dobras cutâneas, pressão arterial, teste de vaivém de 20 metros, glicemia de jejum, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade e contagem de glóbulos brancos foram mensurados. A AFMV e CS foram medidos objetivamente com acelerômetros. Foi preconizado um período mínimo de 180 minutos de uso para considerar o tempo válido e realizou-se regressão linear múltipla ajustada para idade, sexo e atividade física habitual. A AFMV foi associada positivamente com VO2 pico (β=0,17 ml.kg.min-1) e inversamente associada à soma das quatro dobras cutâneas (β=-0,96 mm), pressão arterial diastólica (β=0,36 mmHg), pressão arterial sistólica (β=-0,301 mmHg); triglicerídeos (β=-1,49 mg.dL-1) e fatores de risco cardiovasculares agrupados (β=-0,123). Houve também associação positiva do CS com fatores de risco cardiovascular agrupados (β=0,033). Conclui-se que a AFMV e o CS foram associados a fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Assim, a promoção de estratégias que visem aumentar a AFMV e reduzir o SB no contexto escolar pode impedir o aparecimento e o acúmulo precoce de fatores de risco cardiovasculares na adolescência.
RESUMO: Introdução: Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção sobre o engajamento em atividade física (AF) e comportamento sedentário (CS) no período escolar, em aulas de educação ...física (EF) e nos recreios em estudantes do sexto ao nono ano de escolas públicas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Métodos: Duas escolas foram alocadas em grupo experimental e controle. Os participantes utilizaram acelerômetros no período escolar e o tempo em AF e CS foram estimados no período escolar, aulas de EF e recreios antes e após a intervenção. A intervenção foi composta de quatro componentes: mudanças nas aulas de EF, com formação dos professores; disponibilização de materiais esportivos no recreio; sessões educativas no formato de aulas; e distribuição de folders e cartazes com informações sobre os desfechos da intervenção. Foram empregadas análises de covariância para medidas repetidas comparando a linha de base e pós-intervenção e para amostras independentes, comparando o grupo controle com o grupo intervenção. Resultados: Observou-se uma baixa proporção de AF na escola na linha de base e um elevado volume de CS. O grupo intervenção diminuiu a AF em aulas de EF, enquanto o grupo controle aumentou em todos os períodos. O grupo intervenção também acumulou mais o CS no período escolar e em aulas de EF após a intervenção, enquanto o controle diminuiu o CS no período escolar. Conclusão: A intervenção proposta não foi efetiva em aumentar a AF e diminuir o CS. Fatores ambientais e de organização escolar podem ter impactado os resultados e devem ser considerados no planejamento de intervenções.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: This study evaluated the effect of an intervention on the engagement in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) of sixth to ninth grade students during school-time, physical education (PE) classes, and recesses at two public schools in Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Method: Schools were divided into control and experimental groups. Participants wore accelerometers during school-time, and PA and SB were estimated for school-time, PE classes and recesses at the baseline and after the intervention. The intervention was composed of four components: changes were made in the PE classes, including giving instruction to teachers; sports equipment was made available for use during recesses; educational sessions on the format of classes were conducted; folders and posters were distributed. Data was analyzed using an Analysis of Covariance for repeated measures comparing baseline data with post intervention data, and for independent samples when comparing control and intervention groups. Results: A low proportion of engagement in PA and a large engagement in SB was observed on the baseline. PA decreased in the intervention group during PE classes, while it increased in the control group with regard to school-time, PE classes, and recess. The intervention group accumulated more SB during school-time and PE classes after the intervention, while a decrease in the control group’s SB during school-time was observed. Conclusion: The intervention was not effective in increasing PA or decreasing SB. Environmental and school’s organizational factors impact how interventions are conducted, and should be considered beforehand.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal, segundo diferentes indicadores antropométricos, e os fatores sociodemográficos associados em servidores ...técnico- administrativos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Estudo transversal realizado com 615 servidores da UFSC (283 homens e 332 mulheres). Foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC) e razão cintura estatura (RCE5t) e as variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, cor da pele, estado civil, nível socioeconômico, nível de escolaridade e nível ocupacional). As análises estatísticas abrangeram o teste t de student, teste U de Mann-Witney e regressão de Poisson (Intervalo de Confiança de 95%). Para homens e mulheres, a prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 63,6% e 49,7% (IMC) e de obesidade abdominal de 33,5%, 42,4% (CC), 61,8% e 40,6% (RCE5t), respectivamente. Ter mais de 40 anos identificou maior probabilidade de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal em homens (IMC e RCE5t) e mulheres (IMC, CC e RCE5t). A probabilidade de ter excesso de peso (RPO,67; 1C95%0,49; 0,94) e obesidade abdominal, segundo a CC (RPO,62; 1C95%0,44; 0,90) e RCE5t (RPO,49; 1C95%0,39; 0,64), foi menor para as mulheres com oito anos de escolaridade ou menos. Esses resultados indicam uma elevada prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal e que os fatores associados a esses desfechos diferem segundo o sexo e de acordo com o indicador antropométrico analisado.
School-based intervention can contribute to the promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents. However, it is neces sary to systematize how intervention strategies and the ...methodological characteristics of studies influence the effects of CRF interventions.
A meta-analysis review of school-based intervention studies aimed at increasing CRF in adolescents (10-19 years of age) was conducted.
A search for studies was conducted using the Medline, Web of Science, LILACS, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane databases and the reference lists of the selected studies. The peer selection process included consideration of school-based randomized or non-randomized controlled trials with a duration ≥12 weeks published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, and with some CRF measures. The methodological quality of the studies was also assessed. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were calculated as an effect measure.
Forty publications of 30 interventions were included in the review, and 25 of these were meta-analysed. The effects of CRF interventions were moderate and significant (SMD = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.45-0.90), with high heterogeneity (I (2) = 97 %). The effect size varied significantly according to the age group, sample size, intervention environment, strategies in experimental groups, CRF priority in the study, CRF test and indicator, session length, weekly frequency, intervention duration and presentation of results by sex.
Interventions in the school environment seem to have a positive effect on CRF among adolescents, but there is high heterogeneity between studies. Some intervention characteristics can explain better effects on CRF (e.g. exercise sessions in addition to physical education classes; primary focus on this outcome; combination of aerobic and resistance exercises; classes lasting ≥60 min; frequency of three times weekly; and intensity control).
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de obesidade abdominal e a sua associação com indicadores sociodemográficos, estado nutricional e maturação sexual em escolares de oito a 17 anos, ...do sexo feminino. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 2.595 escolares do sexo feminino de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Cascavel, PR, Brasil. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas, antropométricas e de maturação sexual. Para a análise dos dados aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão logística binária. A prevalência de obesidade abdominal foi de 8,2%. As escolares do ensino médio apresentaram menores chances de ter obesidade abdominal quando comparadas as meninas do ensino fundamental (OR=0,36; IC95%=0,15–0,85) e aquelas com excesso de peso apresentaram maiores chances de ter o desfecho (OR=181,36; IC95%=84,43–389,58). São necessárias intervenções educacionais visando à prevenção e redução da obesidade abdominal, principalmente entre as escolares do ensino fundamental e com excesso de peso.
Abstract Exposure to sedentary behavior may contribute to health problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of exposure to simultaneous sedentary behavior domains and verify associated ...sociodemographic characteristics among technical and administrative servers of a Brazilian university. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with 623 technical and administrative servers. Sedentary behavior was identified through a questionnaire in the following domains: commuting (active / passive), sitting time at work, daily time spent watching television and computer use (≥3 hours / day). Sociodemographic variables were age, sex and educational level. The prevalence of servers that had one, two, three and four simultaneous sedentary behavior was 28.4%, 43.2%, 22.5% and 4.3%, respectively. Women were more likely to have three sedentary behavior simultaneously (OR = 1.61, CI 95% = 1.02, 2.56). Servers with 9-11 years of schooling were less exposed to two (OR = 0.27, CI 95% = 0.17, 0.44), three (OR = 0.39, CI 95% = 0.23, 0.66) and four (OR = 0.22, CI 95% = 0.07; 0.69) sedentary behavior simultaneously and those over 12 years of schooling were less likely of having two (OR = 0.22, CI 95% = 0.10; 0.49) and three (OR = 0.15, CI 95% = 0.05, 0.46) sedentary behavior simultaneously. More than half of servers have two sedentary behavior during the week. Having sedentary behavior in more than one domain simultaneously was associated with sex and educational level.
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