Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated gender-specific prevalence and expressions across the different DSM definitions, since its first introduction in DSM-III. The DSM-5 recently ...introduced important revisions to PTSD symptomatological criteria. Aim of the present study is to explore whether gender moderates rates of DSM-5 PTSD expression in a non-clinical sample of survivors to a massive earthquake in Italy.
512 survivors of the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake, previously investigated for the presence DSM-IV-TR PTSD, were reassessed according to DSM-5 criteria in order to explore gender differences. All subjects completed the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report (TALS-SR).
Females showed significantly higher DSM-5 PTSD rates and rates of endorsement of almost all DSM-5 PTSD criteria. Significant gender differences emerged in almost half of PTSD symptomatological criteria with women reporting higher rates in 8 of them, while men in only one (a new symptom in DSM-5: reckless or self-destructive behavior). Considering the impact of the three new DSM-5 symptoms on the diagnosis, significant gender differences emerged with these being crucial in almost half of the PTSD diagnoses in males but in about one-fourth in females. By using ROC curves, DSM-5 criteria E and D showed the highest AUC values in males (.876) and females (.837), respectively.
The use of self-report instrument; no information on comorbidity; homogeneity of study sample; lack of assessment on functional impairment.
This study provides a contribution to the ongoing need for reassessment on how gender moderates rates of expression of particular disorders such as PTSD.
Abstract Background The purpose is to measure the worsening of the Quality of Life (QoL) in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the concomitant role of co-morbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ...and Bipolar Disorder (BD), the latter not yet studied even though it was found strictly associated with MS. Methods Cases: 201 consecutive-MS-patients. Controls: 804 sex-and-age-matched subjects without MS, randomly selected from an epidemiological database study. Psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-IV were determined by physicians using structured interview tools (ANTAS-SCID). Bipolar Spectrum Disorders were identified by Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ). QoL was measured by SF-12. Results MS was the strongest determinant in worsening the QoL in the overall sample. Both MDD and BD type-II lifetime diagnoses were significantly associated with a poorer quality of life in the total sample as in cases of MS. In MS the impairment of the QoL attributable to BD type-II was even greater than that in MDD. Limitations The MS diagnosis was made differently in cases and controls. Although this may have produced false negatives in controls, it would have reinforced the null hypothesis (no role of MS in worsening the QoL); therefore, it does not invalidate the study. Conclusions MDD as well BD type-II are co-determinants in worsening QoL in MS. Clinicians should consider depressive symptoms as well as the hypomanic and mixed components in MS. Additional research is required to confirm our results and further clarify the manner in which BD and the mixed symptoms of BD type-II may affect awareness of both the underlying disease and psychiatric component and finally to what extent they impact treatment adherence with the available therapies for MS.
Excitation of magnetization dynamics by pure spin currents has been recently recognized as an enabling mechanism for spintronics and magnonics, which allows implementation of spin-torque devices ...based on low-damping insulating magnetic materials. Here we report the first spatially-resolved study of the dynamic modes excited by pure spin current in nanometer-thick microscopic insulating Yttrium Iron Garnet disks. We show that these modes exhibit nonlinear self-broadening preventing the formation of the self-localized magnetic bullet, which plays a crucial role in the stabilization of the single-mode magnetization oscillations in all-metallic systems. This peculiarity associated with the efficient nonlinear mode coupling in low-damping materials can be among the main factors governing the interaction of pure spin currents with the dynamic magnetization in high-quality magnetic insulators.
Generation of long wavelength edge radiation along directions nearly coincident with the axes of straight sections of storage rings and synchrotrons is discussed. The removal of destructive ...interference from the superimposed edge radiation patterns of a straight section on the synchrotron “Pakhra” has been observed experimentally.
Hydrazinecarboxylates have been synthesized by reacting substituted acetophenones with carbethoxyhydrazine. One of product is formed as a mixture of
E
- and
Z
-isomers. In the process of measuring ...the melting point of the resulting hydrazinecarboxylates, a transition of one crystalline form to another has been detected. That process has been recorded on video in “time-laps” mode for one of the substances.
The method of two-photon lithography is used to fabricate microstructures with gradient of refractive index. The rectangular structures with sizes 25 × 25 × 3 μm were fabricated with varying laser ...intensity by linear or Gaussian distribution in one dimension. The resulting refractive index has been tuned in the range of 0.03. The suggested method can be applied to produce arbitrarily shaped 3D GRIN micro-optical elements.
The study consists in determining the effect of renal artery stenting in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with renal artery stenosis on the dynamics of clinical and geriatric status ...in terms of such indicators as the number of drugs taken, cognitive status, determined by the MMSE scale, prevalence of the frequency of falls, psycho-emotional status by the Beck scale, the quality of sleep on the VAS scale, the index of age discrimination according to the E.Palmore ageism questionnaire, the quality of life according to the SF 36 questionnaire. The study involved 72 elderly patients with arterial hypertension in combination with renal artery stenosis. According to the results of the study, as a result of stenting of the renal arteries, there is a decrease in the number of drugs taken, an improvement in the cognitive status on the MMSE scale, a decrease in the frequency of falls, an improvement in the psycho-emotional status on the Beck scale, an improvement in the quality of sleep on the VAS scale, a decrease in the level of age discrimination, an increase in the quality of life according to questionnaire SF-36 on all scales.
PDF
