Inverse muon decay, \(\nu_\mu e^-\to\mu^-\nu_e\), is a reaction whose cross-section can be predicted with very small uncertainties. It has a neutrino energy threshold of \(\approx 11\) GeV and can be ...used to constrain the high-energy part of the flux in the NuMI neutrino beam. This reaction is the dominant source of events which only contain high-energy muons nearly parallel to the direction of the neutrino beam. We have isolated a sample of hundreds of such events in neutrino and anti-neutrino enhanced beams, and have constrained the predicted high-energy flux.
The \minerva experiment reports double-differential cross-section
measurements for $\nu_{\mu}$-carbon interactions with three-momentum transfer
$|\vec{q}| < 1.2$ GeV obtained with medium energy ...exposures in the NuMI beam.
These measurements are performed as a function of the three-momentum transfer
and an energy transfer estimator called the available energy defined as the
energy that would be visible in the detector. The double differential cross
sections are compared to the GENIE and NuWro predictions along with the
modified version of GENIE which incorporates new models for better agreement
with earlier measurements from MINERvA. In these measurements, the
quasi-elastic, resonance, and multi-nucleon knockout processes appear at
different kinematics in this two-dimensional space. The results can be used to
improve models for neutrino interactions needed by neutrino oscillation
experiments.
Aortic Tumors Restrepo, Carlos S., MD; Betancourt, Sonia L., MD; Martinez-Jimenez, Santiago, MD ...
Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MRI,
06/2012, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Increasing use of cross-sectional studies has resulted in a concomitant increase in the number of intravascular and perivascular masses found in patients being studied for a multitude of thoracic ...conditions. As a consequence, there needs to be an awareness of the imaging findings of certain unusual abnormalities that will help prevent erroneous treatment (eg, anticoagulation) and expedite proper therapy. Although the spectrum of conditions that may present as intravascular, mural, and extravascular abnormalities in and around the aorta is broad, imaging features like contrast enhancement, signal intensity, and metabolic activity may help in making the correct diagnosis. Examples of the imaging presentation of these rare primary tumors and more common secondary tumors that may affect the aorta are presented in this article.
Bayesian modeling techniques enable sensitivity analyses that incorporate detailed expectations regarding future experiments. A model-based approach also allows one to evaluate inferences and ...predicted outcomes, by calibrating (or measuring) the consequences incurred when certain results are reported. We present procedures for calibrating predictions of an experiment's sensitivity to both continuous and discrete parameters. Using these procedures and a new Bayesian model of the \(\beta\)-decay spectrum, we assess a high-precision \(\beta\)-decay experiment's sensitivity to the neutrino mass scale and ordering, for one assumed design scenario. We find that such an experiment could measure the electron-weighted neutrino mass within \(\sim40\,\)meV after 1 year (90\(\%\) credibility). Neutrino masses \(>500\,\)meV could be measured within \(\approx5\,\)meV. Using only \(\beta\)-decay and external reactor neutrino data, we find that next-generation \(\beta\)-decay experiments could potentially constrain the mass ordering using a two-neutrino spectral model analysis. By calibrating mass ordering results, we identify reporting criteria that can be tuned to suppress false ordering claims. In some cases, a two-neutrino analysis can reveal that the mass ordering is inverted, an unobtainable result for the traditional one-neutrino analysis approach.
MINERvA presents a new analysis of inclusive charged-current neutrino
interactions on a hydrocarbon target. We report single and double-differential
cross sections in muon transverse and longitudinal ...momentum. These measurements
are compared to neutrino interaction generator predictions from GENIE, NuWro,
GiBUU, and NEUT. In addition, comparisons against models with different
treatments of multi-nucleon correlations, nuclear effects, resonant pion
production, and deep inelastic scattering are presented. The data recorded
corresponds to $10.61\times10^{20}$ protons on target with a peak neutrino
energy of approximately 6 GeV. The higher energy and larger statistics of these
data extend the kinematic range for model testing beyond previous MINERvA
inclusive charged-current measurements. The results are not well modeled by
several generator predictions using a variety of input models.
This paper reports on an exploratory reusability study of digital learning material. Materials from eight university professors and the corresponding chat interviews were collected and analyzed from ...a qualitative inquiry perspective and using the grounded theory method. Sensitizing initial concepts from education, design, computer and information science were used in the initial approach to collect data, but the analysis results were rooted in actual material and chat texts. Interviews with university professors and the analysis of different digital learning materials led the research team to define eight categories or code families which are related to reusability. Such code families are: (1) learning promotion, (2) access, (3) emotional appeal, (4) technical suitability, (5) effective graphical and textual communication, (6) creativity, (7) collaboration, and (8) subject authority and the y offer the structural elements for designing and implementing collections of digital learning material. The latter are the basis for knowledge management oriented systems aimed at sharing and preserving digital learning materials.
The ICARUS T600 liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC) underwent a major overhaul at CERN in 2016-2017 to prepare for the operation at FNAL in the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program. ...This included a major upgrade of the photo-multiplier system and of the TPC wire read-out electronics. The full TPC wire read-out electronics together with the new wire biasing and interconnection scheme are described. The design of a new signal feed-through flange is also a fundamental piece of this overhaul whose major feature is the integration of all electronics components onto the signal flange. Initial functionality tests of the full TPC electronics chain installed in the T600 detector at FNAL are also described.
ABSTRACT
Overall, meat texture is composed of two types of toughness: primary toughness, because of mechanical resistance of the myofibrillar structure, and secondary toughness, by reason of ...connective tissue content. Primary toughness can be reduced during aging by intrinsic and extrinsic protease activity. Secondary toughness is determined by a given amount of epimysial and perimysial connective tissue, which cannot be reduced as no collagenases are naturally present in the muscle or produced by native meat microbial populations. The objective of this work was to study primary toughness reduction in meat from four animal species, i.e., beef, horse, rabbit and hen, employing M. Biceps femoris, by calpain activation with calcium chloride. Secondary toughness, expressed as hydroxyproline content, and contribution of both parameters to overall hardness were also studied. Marination with 150 mM CaCl
2
increased enzymatic activity in pre‐rigor meat (horse and beef), but higher concentrations (250 mM) reduced enzymatic activity increments. Although beef marination considerably increased enzymatic activity, it did not reduce hardness, probably because of high collagen content. The high hydroxyproline concentration in beef and horse caused an overall hardness. Marinated horse meat had lower collagen content and a higher enzyme activity, resulting in less hard samples. As expected, pre‐rigor meats, hen and rabbit, had low hardness values for both control and treated samples. Because CaCl
2
in high concentrations inhibits calpain activity, it was assumed that rabbit meat calpains were inhibited at concentrations as low as 150 mM. Therefore, calpains were active in control pre‐rigor rabbit meat but were inactivated by CaCl
2
addition.
