We describe a synthetic genetic circuit for controlling asymmetric cell division in Escherichia coli in which a progenitor cell creates a differentiated daughter cell while retaining its original ...phenotype. Specifically, we engineered an inducible system that can bind and segregate plasmid DNA to a single position in the cell. Upon cell division, colocalized plasmids are kept by one and only one of the daughter cells. The other daughter cell receives no plasmid DNA and is irreversibly differentiated from its sibling. In this way, we achieved asymmetric cell division through asymmetric plasmid partitioning. We then used this system to achieve physical separation of genetically distinct cells by tying motility to differentiation. Finally, we characterized an orthogonal inducible circuit that enables the simultaneous asymmetric partitioning of two plasmid species, resulting in cells that have four distinct differentiated states. These results point the way toward the engineering of multicellular systems from prokaryotic hosts.
Abstract Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as a result of inhaled tobacco products continues to be a global healthcare crisis, particularly in low- and middle-income nations lacking the ...infrastructure to develop and implement effective public health policies limiting tobacco use. Following initiation of public awareness campaigns 50 years ago in the United States, considerable success has been achieved in reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. However, there has been a slowing of cessation rates in the United States during recent years, possibly caused by high residual addiction or fatigue from cessation messaging. Furthermore, tobacco products have continued to evolve faster than the scientific understanding of their biological effects. This review considers selected updates on the genetics and epigenetics of smoking behavior and associated cardiovascular risk, mechanisms of atherogenesis and thrombosis, clinical effects of smoking and benefits of cessation, and potential impact of electronic cigarettes on cardiovascular health.
Synthetic biology open language visual (SBOL visual) version 2.2 Baig, Hasan; Fontanarrosa, Pedro; Kulkarni, Vishwesh ...
Berichte aus der medizinischen Informatik und Bioinformatik/Journal of integrative bioinformatics,
06/2020, Letnik:
17, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
People who are engineering biological organisms often find it useful to communicate in diagrams, both about the structure of the nucleic acid sequences that they are engineering and about the ...functional relationships between sequence features and other molecular species. Some typical practices and conventions have begun to emerge for such diagrams. The Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) has been developed as a standard for organizing and systematizing such conventions in order to produce a coherent language for expressing the structure and function of genetic designs. This document details version 2.2 of SBOL Visual, which builds on the prior SBOL Visual 2.1 in several ways. First, the grounding of molecular species glyphs is changed from BioPAX to SBO, aligning with the use of SBO terms for interaction glyphs. Second, new glyphs are added for proteins, introns, and polypeptide regions (e. g., protein domains), the prior recommended macromolecule glyph is deprecated in favor of its alternative, and small polygons are introduced as alternative glyphs for simple chemicals.
Synthetic biology open language visual (SBOL Visual) version 2.3 Baig, Hasan; Fontanarossa, Pedro; Kulkarni, Vishwesh ...
Berichte aus der medizinischen Informatik und Bioinformatik/Journal of integrative bioinformatics,
06/2021, Letnik:
18, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
People who are engineering biological organisms often find it useful to communicate in diagrams, both about the structure of the nucleic acid sequences that they are engineering and about the ...functional relationships between sequence features and other molecular species. Some typical practices and conventions have begun to emerge for such diagrams. The Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) has been developed as a standard for organizing and systematizing such conventions in order to produce a coherent language for expressing the structure and function of genetic designs. This document details version 2.3 of SBOL Visual, which builds on the prior SBOL Visual 2.2 in several ways. First, the specification now includes higher-level “interactions with interactions,” such as an inducer molecule stimulating a repression interaction. Second, binding with a nucleic acid backbone can be shown by overlapping glyphs, as with other molecular complexes. Finally, a new “unspecified interaction” glyph is added for visualizing interactions whose nature is unknown, the “insulator” glyph is deprecated in favor of a new “inert DNA spacer” glyph, and the polypeptide region glyph is recommended for showing 2A sequences.
Background: According to CDC, Obesity in the US affects 100.1 million (41.9%) adults and 14.7 million (19.7%) children and accounts for approximately $147 billion in annual healthcare costs. As per ...WHO, obesity has tripled in the world between 1975 and 2016. As obesity is increasing at such a profound pace, so is the use of medications for its management. Thus, It is equally important to know the safety profile of these medications, specifically in the form of post-marketing surveillance from realworld data. Cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities are very commonly associated with obesity because of common risk factors. Unfortunately, limited data is available describing the CV safety profile of these anti-obesity medications, hence we attempted to study this. Methods: We queried the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for various different Adverse Events (AE) of Orlistat, Phenteramine-topiramate, Tirzepatide, and semaglutide along with CV AEs including hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure, ventricular hypertrophy, and so forth. The data on these AEs were collected, analyzed, and compared for all four drugs using descriptive statistics. Results: We found a total of 915 CV AEs reported combining all the Anti-obesity medications mentioned above. Out of all the AEs reported for Tirzepatide, there were only 0.71% (35) AEs related to the CV system, compared to Phenteramine-Topiramate, which had the highest CV AEs reported as 3.3% (111) out of all AEs reported. CV AEs associated with Orlistat and Semaglutide were found to be 1.51% (446) and 1.99% (323) respectively. Conclusions: Tirzepatide has 4.5 times less associated CV AEs as compared to phentermine-Topiramate and about 2 times less associated CV AEs compared to Semaglutide and Orlistat. Hence, Tirzepatide followed by Orlistat can be relatively safer to use for patients with Cardiovascular comorbidities as compared to other medications used for the management of Obesity among patients with CV comorbidities. Our study will help clinicians to select appropriate anti-obesity medication among patients with certain comorbidities. With, the increasing use of anti-obesity medications, further clinical studies are required to establish the CV and overall safety profile of these medications especially among patients with certain comorbidities.
Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) Version 2.1 Madsen, Curtis; Goni Moreno, Angel; Palchick, Zachary ...
Berichte aus der medizinischen Informatik und Bioinformatik/Journal of integrative bioinformatics,
06/2019, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
People who are engineering biological organisms often find it useful to communicate in diagrams, both about the structure of the nucleic acid sequences that they are engineering and about the ...functional relationships between sequence features and other molecular species . Some typical practices and conventions have begun to emerge for such diagrams. The Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) has been developed as a standard for organizing and systematizing such conventions in order to produce a coherent language for expressing the structure and function of genetic designs. This document details version 2.1 of SBOL Visual, which builds on the prior SBOL Visual 2.0 standard by expanding diagram syntax to include methods for showing modular structure and mappings between elements of a system, interactions arrows that can split or join (with the glyph at the split or join indicating either superposition or a chemical process), and adding new glyphs for indicating genomic context (e.g., integration into a plasmid or genome) and for stop codons.
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as a result of inhaled tobacco products continues to be a global healthcare crisis, particularly in low- and middle-income nations lacking the infrastructure to ...develop and implement effective public health policies limiting tobacco use. Following initiation of public awareness campaigns 50 years ago in the United States, considerable success has been achieved in reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. However, there has been a slowing of cessation rates in the United States during recent years, possibly caused by high residual addiction or fatigue from cessation messaging. Furthermore, tobacco products have continued to evolve faster than the scientific understanding of their biological effects. This review considers selected updates on the genetics and epigenetics of smoking behavior and associated cardiovascular risk, mechanisms of atherogenesis and thrombosis, clinical effects of smoking and benefits of cessation, and potential impact of electronic cigarettes on cardiovascular health.
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