Background
Teeth affected with severe molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) require extensive restorations, which do not last for a long time and often require treatment in the form of onlays or ...full coverage restorations.
Aim
To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of zirconia, lithium disilicate, and cast metal crowns as full-coverage restorations on MIH-affected first permanent molars (FPMs).
Methods
60 MIH affected FPMs requiring full-coverage crowns were identified in children aged 8–15 years and were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups according to the type of full coverage restoration received using block randomization technique. After an adequate removal of the MIH defect and restoration with composite resin, the tooth preparation was done followed by fabrication of crown and its cementation using resin cement. The intergroup comparison was done on the basis of USPHS criteria, gingival, plaque scores, patient and parents acceptance through a visual analog scale to decipher their clinical performance at 6, 12, 24 months.
Results
After 24 months, the crowns showed similar clinical success in terms of the criterias used to compare their clinical performance. The retention, marginal adaptation, relief from hypersensitivity, proximal contact, gingival health with no statistically significant difference among the three groups.
Conclusion
Based on the observations, Lithium disilicate, Zirconia and full cast metal crowns showed similar clinical success in rehabilitation of First permanent molars with severe MIH over 24 months of evaluation. The clinical success is not influenced by the material of the restoration. However, prospective studies with a longer follow-up are required to reach a more definitive conclusion.
Introduction
The changes in length and height of tongue following mandibular setback (MS) surgery may affect pharyngeal airway dimensions. There is limited literature correlating tongue dimensional ...changes with linear and volumetric airway changes following MS with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) in skeletal class III patients.
Materials and Methods
Treatment records of 18 patients who underwent MS with BSSRO were evaluated for changes in tongue and linear airway dimensions, mean airway volume and area at T1 (1-week pre-surgery), T2 (6-month post-surgery) and T3 (2-year post-surgery). Amount of MS was recorded from case sheets of patients. Mean tongue length reduced, whereas mean tongue height increased at T2 compared to T1 (
P
value = 0.001 for both). Linear, area and volumetric airway parameters at T2 were significantly reduced (
P
value = 0.001). All parameters showed statistically nonsignificant increase from T2 to T3 (
P
value > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that change in tongue length at T3 did not show statistically significant correlation with amount of MS, changes in linear, area and volumetric airway parameters (
P
value > 0.05). However, the change in tongue height at T3 showed a significant (
P
value < 0.05) negative correlation (
r
value = − 0.742) with change in posterior airway space (PAS).
Conclusions
The appraisal of tongue length and height after MS surgery should be an integral part of diagnosis and treatment planning. The retro-positioning of tongue and increase in its height after MS surgery may compromise pharyngeal airway especially PAS. Additional options such as bi-jaw surgery, debulking of tongue volume and genioplasty should be explored to minimize adverse effects post-surgically.
Effects of chop length (shorter=10mm or longer=19mm) of alfalfa silage and corn silage were determined in 16 midlactation Holstein cows using a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 arrangement of ...treatments. Experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Cows received total mixed ration containing (dry matter basis) 44.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 12.6% protein supplement, and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop alfalfa silage and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop corn silage. Reducing the chop length of alfalfa silage and corn silage reduced the average geometric particle length from 14.4 to 11.0mm and from 14.2 to 10.4mm, respectively. Reducing the chop length of both silages reduced the proportion of the diets retained by the 8-and 19-mm screen of the Penn State Particle Separator from 55.0 to 46.0% of dry matter. Reducing the alfalfa chop length increased total rumen volatile fatty acids at 4 to 5h after feeding but did not affect rumen pH at 4 to 5h after feeding, feed intake, and milk production. Reducing the corn silage chop length increased dry matter intake from 22.3 to 23.2kg/d, increased rumen pH at 4 to 5h after feeding from 6.12 to 6.20, but did not alter rumen volatile fatty acids at 4 to 5h after feeding or milk production. Daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, and milk protein percentage averaged 38.2kg/d, 2.62%, and 3.29%, respectively, across all diets. The low milk fat percentages suggest that all diets induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), whereas the rumen pH did not indicate SARA. This discrepancy could be due to a difference in the time of rumen pH measurement and the time of the lowest rumen pH. Hence, the pH data need to be interpreted with caution. Diets could have induced SARA, because for all experimental diets the content of forage neutral detergent fiber was lower than recommended for barley grain-based diets.
Introduction
The spatial position and dimensions of oral and pharyngeal soft tissues change post-mandibular advancement (MA) surgery which involves changes in position of soft palate, tongue and ...associated musculature. There is no study which simultaneously evaluates changes in tongue length and height post-MA surgery and correlates these changes with changes in upper airway dimensions and the amount of MA.
Materials and Methods
Treatment records of 18 patients that underwent MA with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were evaluated at T1 (01 week before surgery) and T2 (06 months post-surgery). Linear airway and tongue measurements were done on lateral cephalogram. Mean volume and mean pharyngeal area values were recorded from the acoustic pharyngometry (AP) records of patients.
Results
A statistically significant increase in tongue length (
P
value < 0.001) and nonsignificant change in tongue height were observed at T2 (
P
value > 0.05). A statistically significant increase in airway parameters recorded on both lateral cephalogram and AP was observed at T2 (
P
value < 0.001). Correlation analysis did not show a statistically significant correlation of change in tongue length and tongue height at T2 with the amount of MA, change in airway parameters on lateral cephalogram and AP (
P
value > 0.05).
Conclusions
Mandibular advancement surgery is a viable option for improvement in pharyngeal airway in skeletal Class II patients with retrognathic mandible. Changes in tongue length observed in our study may correspond to the stretch of protruders of tongue, especially genioglossus, and may point toward possible relapse on a long-term follow-up.
The aim of this study was to correlate nasal patency with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in obese versus non-obese patients using Acoustic Rhinometry (AR). Eccovision® Acoustic Rhinometer equipment ...was used to compare nasal cross-sectional areas (CSA1,2 & 3 corresponding to nasal valve region, anterior portion of middle & inferior turbinate and posterior portion of middle & inferior turbinate respectively) and volume in age and gender matched sample divided into three groups:
Group 1:
Non-obese patients without OSA (25 patients, 13 males and 12 females);
Group 2:
Non-obese patients with OSA (25 patients, 14 males and 11 females);
Group 3:
Obese patients with OSA (25 patients, 13 males and 12 females). The mean nasal cross-sectional areas and volume were lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1 but statistically non-significant (
P
value > 0.05 for all). The mean nasal cross-sectional areas and volume were significantly lower in Group 3 as compared to Groups 1 and 2 (
P
value < 0.05 for all). BMI showed a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation with AHI in Groups 2 and 3 (
P
value < 0.05 for both). The nasal cross-sectional areas and volume showed a statistically significant negative (inverse) correlation with AHI in Groups 2 and 3 (
P
value < 0.05 for both). OSA diagnosed cases with high BMI may not present with an obvious nasal obstruction; the nasal patency may still be compromised due to reduced nasal lumen secondary to obesity. AR, being cost-effective and non-invasive modality; is advocated to evaluate pre-treatment nasal patency, as well as follow up evaluation to ascertain improvement after the intervention.
Effects of chop length (shorter: 6mm, or longer: 19mm) of alfalfa silage and oat silage were determined in 16 mid-lactation Holstein cows, 4 of which were rumen cannulated, using a replicated 4×4 ...Latin square design with a 2×2 arrangement of treatments. Experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Cows received a total mixed ration containing dry matter (DM) basis 42.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 10% protein supplement, and 24% of DM longer chop or shorter chop alfalfa silage and 24% of DM longer chop or shorter chop oat silage. Rumen pH was measured continuously, and rumen liquid flow rates were determined in rumen-cannulated cows. Feeding behavior was determined by videotaping, and meal patterns were determined by continuously weighing the feed in the bunk of 8 cows. Reducing the chop length of alfalfa silage and oat silage reduced the average geometric particle length from 14.2 to 10.9mm and from 13.4 to 10.4mm, respectively. Reducing the alfalfa chop length did not affect feed intake, whereas reducing the oat silage chop length increased DM intake from to 19.4 to 21.2 kg/d. Reducing the chop lengths of alfalfa silage and oat silage chop length did not affect milk production, rumen fermentation, feeding behavior, meal patterns, and blood metabolites. Daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, and milk protein percentage averaged 36.1 kg/d, 3.00%, and 3.16%, respectively, across diets. The low milk fat percentages suggest that the diets induced subacute ruminal acidosis. This was also substantiated by the rumen pH, which was below 5.6 for more than 122 min/d for all diets. The onset of subacute ruminal acidosis despite apparently adequate dietary neutral detergent fiber content and particle size distribution as well as the long duration of chewing might be attributed to sorting against long feed particles.
Purpose
Definitive restorative management of young permanent molars affected with severe MIH is still elusive with a dearth of conservative restorative options. The present trial compared the 36 ...months clinical and radiographic performance of minimally invasive cast metal and indirect resin onlays for rehabilitation of permanent first molars affected with severe MIH.
Methods
In this parallel group open label randomised trial, 42 vital molars affected with severe MIH in 30 children, aged 8–13 years were randomly allocated using stratified permuted block randomization to receive either a cast metal onlay or an indirect composite onlay (
n
= 21 each). Clinical and radiographic evaluations of these onlays were carried out at 9, 18 and 36 months using the USPHS criteria. Cumulative survival rate as well as the calculated clinical success rates of both types of onlays were also determined. The longevity of onlays was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.
Results
At 36 months, overall retention rate was found to be 95% with complete elimination of any pre-existing sensitivity. Cumulative survival rates were found to be 95% vs. 100%,
p
= 0.67, while the calculated clinical success rates were 90% and 85.7% for metal and resin onlays, respectively, with no significant differences (
p
= 0.76). Mean survival rates based on Kaplan–Meier analysis were determined to be 85% vs. 100% for the metal and composite groups, respectively (
p
= 0.075).
Conclusions
Irrespective of the type of material used, onlays offer a predictable and conservative restorative alternative for molars affected with severe MIH.
Clinical Trial Registry
The trial is registered under Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI/2016/10/007379).
The carbonaceous chondrites are intriguing and unique in the sense that they are the only rocks that provide pristine records of the early solar nebular processes. We report here results of a ...detailed mineralogical, chemical, amino acid and isotopic studies of a recently observed fall at Mukundpura, near Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. Abundance of olivines in this meteorite is low and of serpentine minerals is high. FeO/SiO2 = 1.05 in its Poorly Characterized Phases (PCP) is similar to that observed in other CM2.0 chondrites. The water content of ∼9.8 wt.% is similar to that found in many other CM chondrites. Microscopic examination of matrix shows that its terrestrial weathering grade is W0 but aqueous parent body alteration is high, as reflected in low abundance of identifiable chondrules and abundant remnants of chondrules (∼7%). Thus, most of the chondrules formed initially have been significantly altered or dissolved by aqueous alterations on their parent bodies. The measured bulk carbon (2.3%) and nitrogen content and their isotopic (δ13C = −5.5‰, δ15N = 23.6‰) composition is consistent with CM2.0 classification probably bordering CM1. Several amino acids such as Alanine, Serine, Proline, Valine, Threonine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Asparagine and Histamine are present. Tyrosine and Tryptophan may occur in trace amounts which could not be precisely determined. All these data show that Mukundpura chondrite lies at the boundary of CM2.0 and CM1 type carbonaceous chondrites making it one of the most primitive chondrites.
Display omitted
•Mukundpura has turned out to be quite a unique CM2.0 (CM1) chondrite based on its chemical composition, texture, mineralogy, water content, N and C bulk content, N and C carbon isotope, trace elements, and amino acids, it can be considered as one of the most primitive meteorites.•The Mukundpura chondrite has the least chondrule to matrix ratio indicative of large aqueous alteration on its parent body.•The evidence of large quantity of organic matter also support the primitiveness of this chondrite.
Objective:
To evaluate the nasal patency using acoustic rhinometry (AR) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to ascertain the rhinological importance of the same.
Methods:
...Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometer system was used for assessment of nasal cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume in 15 patients with UCLP. The CSA1, CSA2, and CSA3, which represent the CSA at the nasal valve area and anterior end of the inferior turbinate, the anterior half of the inferior turbinate and the anterior end of the middle turbinate, and the region of middle portion of middle turbinate, respectively, were compared on the cleft and non-cleft side.
Results:
The mean ± SD of CSA1, CSA2, and CSA3 as well as the overall nasal CSA were significantly higher on non-cleft side compared to cleft side (P value < .001). The mean ± SD of nasal volume was also significantly higher in non-cleft side compared to cleft side (P value < .001).
Conclusions:
The nasal patency among patients with UCLP demonstrates a range of impairments that can be objectively measured using acoustic rhinometry. The orthodontic, orthopedic, or orthosurgical management of maxillary deficiency in these patients can affect the nasal area and volume and can have an impact on breathing, speech, and sleep. The pretreatment assessment may be useful to identify patients who are at potential risk of deterioration of nasal patency and airway post-intervention. Taking into consideration the multiple diagnostic procedures in the course of long-term multidisciplinary treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate, a noninvasive investigation technique such as AR may be the preferred mode of investigation to ascertain nasal patency.
The diverse chemical functionalities and wide availability of biomolecules make them essential and cost-effective resources for the fabrication of zero-dimensional quantum dots (QDs, also known as ...bio-dots) with extraordinary properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable emission, photo and chemical stability, excellent aqueous solubility, scalability, and biocompatibility. The additional advantages of scalability, tunable optical features and presence of heteroatoms make them suitable alternatives to conventional metal-based semiconductor QDs in the field of bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, solar cells, photocatalysis, and light-emitting devices. Furthermore, a recent focus of the scientific community has been on QD-based sustainable optoelectronics due to the primary concern of partially mitigating the current energy demand without affecting the environment. Hence, it is noteworthy to focus on the sustainable optoelectronic applications of biomolecule-derived QDs, which have tunable optical features, biocompatibility and the scope of scalability. This review addresses the recent advances in the synthesis, properties, and optoelectronic applications of biomolecule-derived QDs (especially, carbon- and graphene-based QDs (C-QDs and G-QDs, respectively)) and discloses their merits and disadvantages, challenges and future prospects in the field of sustainable optoelectronics. In brief, the current review focuses on two major issues: (i) the advantages of two families of carbon nanomaterials (
i.e.
C-QDs and G-QDs) derived from biomolecules of various categories, for instance (a) plant extracts including fruits, flowers, leaves, seeds, peels, and vegetables; (b) simple sugars and polysaccharides; (c) different amino acids and proteins; (d) nucleic acids, bacteria and fungi; and (e) biomasses and their waste and (ii) their applications as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), display systems, solar cells, photocatalysts and photo detectors. This review will not only bring a new paradigm towards the construction of advanced, sustainable and environment-friendly optoelectronic devices using natural resources and waste, but also provides critical insights to inspire researchers ranging from material chemists and chemical engineers to biotechnologists to search for exciting developments of this field and consequently make an advance step towards future bio-optoelectronics.
The recent advances in sustainable optoelectronics applications of quantum dots derived from different biomolecules are documented in this review.
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