The aim of the study was to outline a simple, cost-effective technique for obturation of primary tooth root canals. A total of 75 primary teeth were treated in 52 subjects by the technique discussed, ...i.e. injecting plastic flowable material into the root canals after desired preparation, using disposable needle and syringe. All the patients were followed up for 3 years and 6 months, with no clinical or radiologic evidence of pathology or need for untimely extraction. In conclusion, the technique described is simple, economical, can be used with almost all filling materials used for the purpose, and is easy to master with minimal chances of failure.
Sunnhemp breeding: Challenges and prospects BHANDARI, H R; TRIPATHI, M K; CHAUDHARY, BABITA ...
The Indian journal of agricultural sciences,
11/2016, Letnik:
86, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an important fibre crop of tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world and has multiple uses. With the commercialization of agriculture, major food crops and cash ...crops gained momentum and fibre crops, particularly sunnhemp lagged behind on account of increased availability of cheap synthetic fibres. In the present context, the cultivation of sunnhemp is limited to marginal lands and with minimum inputs. Subsequently, the production and productivity of the crop has declined. Productivity of sunnhemp can be increased by genetic improvement of the crop. However, very little reports are available detailing genetics of different economic traits. Hence, an attempt is being made to collect all the scattered relevant genetic information in order to make the information useful in expediting the genetic improvement of the crop.
The aim of the present study was to synthesize novel active Anti-Quorum sensing derivatives from secondary metabolites viz. Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid and Vanillic acid present in the plant ...Bergenia ciliata. Efficacy of all synthesized derivatives have been evaluated on the formation of bacterial biofilm and inhibition of cell-to-cell communication. Anti-Quorum Sensing activity and biofilm formation of all synthesized compounds was measured on biomonitor strain Chrobacterium violaceum, ATCC 12472 using standard paper disk-diffusion assay and quantification of violacein pigment. Among all derivatives, five derivatives 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (9a), 3,4-Dihydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (10a), 3,4,5-Tris-(2,4-dichloro-benzyloxy)-benzoic acid methyl ester (12), 3,4,5-Tris-(2,5-dichloro-benzyloxy)-benzoic acid methyl ester (13) and 4-(2,4-Dichloro-benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (15) has shown Anti-Quorum Sensing activity by inhibiting violacein pigment production and biofilm formation without interfering with its growth. The inhibitory effects in violacein pigment production were: positive control (C-30) 72%, (9a), (10a) 47.2%, (12) 27.3%, (13) 40.1% and (15) 22.7% at the concentration of 1 mg/mL and biofilm percent inhibition were found (C-30) 64% (9a) 46.2%, (10a) 40.3%, (12) 18.4%, (13) 35.2%, and (15) 17.3% when compared with the untreated control. Results reveal that synthesized derivatives seem to be good compounds for inhibition and formation of biofilm and AHL-mediated Quorum-sensing mechanism. The present article highlights the importance of derivatives derived from secondary metabolites as potent drug for biofilm formation and inhibition of cell-to-cell communication.
The Kachchh Basin is a peri-cratonic rift basin in western India, exposing a vast range of diverse geologic features representing the past 200 million years spanning from the Jurassic Period to the ...recent. The Basin represents highly rugged terrain in the form of the hilly ranges and pediment surfaces, while the flat terrain in the north is expressed by the low-lying Rann and Banni plains (mudflats, marshes, and grassland). This basin has preserved several classical terrestrial analog sites to study planetary science. Several potential localities in the basin provide opportunities to explore as Martian analogs. In the present study, we have proposed five analog sites from the Kachchh basin that has preserved classical geomorphic feature (volcanic and impact craters) as well as minerals (primary phyllosilicates, secondary hydrous sulfates, precipitated iron minerals, evaporite, and liquid brines like perchlorates) that tell the tale of the geological activity taken place on the Mars. The cultural and ecological aspects of the proposed sites and their hinterland are also discussed for the tourist attractions. All the proposed sites have ample geoheritage potential and need strong attention for conservation. Further, the establishment of geoparks and development of geotourism in the proposed area will enhance the Earth and Planetary Sciences scenario apart from boosting of local economy, including helping activities, research funding, and employment opportunities for locals that will play a significant role in the economic development of the region. To achieve such an ambitious program and accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals, these locations should be conserved and extended for geotourism.
A study of first indigenous titanium dental implant developed by DRDO was undertaken at INMAS, Delhi. The aim was to establish the time taken for osseointegration, along with objectives to define the ...time of implant loading and compare the osseointegration of indigenous dental implants with already established dental implant systems.
21 subjects rehabilitated using 39 indigenous dental implants were evaluated by bone SPECT before implantation and at regular intervals towards establishing the aim and objectives.
The rise followed by fall in Osteoblastic activity indicates the postoperative physiologic changes, which peaked at 2 weeks (mean) post-implantation and falls off to pre-implantation levels in 12 weeks (mean) indicating completion of osseointegration, healing and time of loading.
It can be summarized that the Osteoblastic activity of indigenous dental implants completes within three months, which can be taken as the time required for complete healing/osseointegration and loading the implants. On comparison with the available data of already established implants the figures appear similar, indicating indigenous implants to be similar in biologic behaviour.
Weaned piglets commonly suffer from gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Our aim was to produce E. coli strains that inhibited the growth of E. coli K88 and could be used ...as a probiotic against postweaning diarrhea. The inclusion criteria for the probiotics were that in addition to being able to inhibit E. coli K88, they also needed to be negative for virulence genes commonly associated with E. coli. A total of 463 E. coli isolates from the cattle rumen, cattle feces, swine feces, and soil were screened against 18 E. coli K88 clinical isolates using an agar diffusion technique. Growth inhibition of the most sensitive K88 indicator strain 2-12 occurred for 121/463 isolates: 96/358 from cattle feces, 0/33 from rumen fluid, 9/35 from swine feces, and 16/37 from soil. Of the 121 positive strains, 71/121 were negative for toxin genes (LT, STa, STb, VT1, and VT2). The 14 most inhibitory strains were screened against a range of substrates to assess the ability to utilize carbohydrates that could be included in the diet to enhance their ability to compete in the gut. Two strains, UM-2 and UM-7, were weak utilizers of starch and inulin. In vitro competition assays between the probiotic strains and E. coli K88 strain 2-12 were conducted with glucose as the only carbon source (minimal medium; MM), MM + 2% starch, or MM + 2% inulin. The UM-2 and UM-7 strains were able to outcompete strain 2-12 when glucose was the only carbon source, indicating that inhibitory activity was produced against 2-12 independent of carbon source. The UM-2 strain outcompeted strain 2-12 in assays in which potato starch or inulin was the only carbon source; the ability of 2-12 to maintain its concentrations in the culture were probably the result of cross feeding of breakdown sugars of starch and inulin that could be utilized by 2-12. In contrast, UM-7 did not grow as well as UM-2 on starch and inulin and 2-12 declined rapidly in successive cultures likely because of the lack of breakdown products of starch and inulin produced by UM-7. We conclude that probiotic E. coli without known toxins and that produce inhibitory activity against E. coli that cause postweaning diarrhea can be produced. In addition, the ability to utilize starch or inulin is an important phenotype because it likely gives the probiotic a competitive advantage in the gut.
This paper presents the corrosion inhibition performance of soluble self-doped copolymers of aniline and 4-amino-3-hydroxy-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization ...method. The corrosion inhibition behaviour of the copolymers in 1.0
M HCl has been evaluated using Tafel Extrapolation method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which was also used to propose the mechanism besides surface morphology. The results showed that the copolymer film exhibited the significant shifting in the corrosion potential and greater charge transfer resistance. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to increase from 50% to 90% by increasing the concentration of copolymer from 10 to 70
mg/l in HCl medium. Moreover, the copolymer showed the larger degree of surface coverage onto the iron surface, reflecting the higher inhibition for corrosion of the iron in highly acidic medium.
Lonar Impact Crater is a simple meteorite impact crater carved out on the ~ 65 Ma old Deccan tholeiitic flood basalts. The crater, though scoured in a basaltic terrain, is still preserved in its ...most pristine form, with a central crater lake. The geomorphology, geochemistry, geochronology, hydrology, geophysical parameters, and structural aspects of Lonar Crater have been explored in detail, but still continue to contribute valid scientific insights into the geology of terrestrial impact craters. Lonar serves as a potential analog site for studying impact cratering on planetary surfaces with basaltic terrains such as the Moon and Mars. Besides being a highly recognizable impact crater in India, the Lonar crater and its hinterland stand out with its archeological relevance and spiritual influence among the people. The numerous temples in and around the crater premises uphold the cultural significance of the region. The crater and adjacent areas are rich in flora and fauna representing a diverse ecosystem in the vastness of the arid Deccan Flood Basalts. Hence, the astrobleme and its surrounding is declared a Ramsar site and is also a protected wildlife sanctuary. The Indian Government has also declared the crater a National Geological Monument as well as an archaeological monument. Furthermore, the astrobleme is a unique site with socio-cultural and economic significance. With these plethoras of importance, combined with the geological and socio-cultural aspects in its hinterland, together with the most acclaimed UNESCO world heritage centers Ajantha and Ellora caves in the neighborhood, it stands as the right candidate for a UNESCO Global Geopark. However, the crater and its ecosystem are not preserved well enough, and the uniqueness of the crater is diminishing. But after selection as a Ramsar site, the area shows increased vegetation growth. The SWOT analysis conducted in this study accounts for Lonar Crater and its adjoining areas as a potential global geopark. Thus, through this study, we try to propagate the vivid and myriad importance of the Lonar crater and the necessity of protecting this geological monument from both anthropogenic and natural processes and to appraise the necessity for nominating this area as a UNESCO Global Geopark.
Soluble polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been measured in Mukundpura (MK) CM2 carbonaceous chondrite using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The data show high yields of PAHs ...with the presence of 2, 3, and 4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along with heterocyclic nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds. MK also shows the presence of significant amount of alkylation products. The distribution and relative abundances of PAHs in the MK are discussed in context of its petrographic grade and correlation with aqueous alteration.
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•The first report of soluble PAHs of Mukundpura (MK) CM2.0 Chondrite.•The composition of PAHs in MK is similar to PAHs reported in other CM2.0 Chondrites.•The presence of alkylated PAHs in MK indicates appreciable aqueous alteration on its parent body.
•Jarrah is a relatively slow growing tree species with a low rate of self-thinning.•Thinning enhanced diameter growth by up to seven-fold in heavily thinned stands.•Stand basal area growth was ...optimised at retained basal areas of 15–20 m2 ha−1.•The effect of N and P fertiliser application on growth was enhanced by thinning.•Thinning has potential to enhance forest health, water yield and habitat quality.
Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest is one of the most widespread native forest types of south west Western Australia (SWWA) and provides timber, firewood, wildlife habitat, water production, catchment protection and recreation. To inform management aimed at optimizing these values, a thinning trial in even aged regrowth forest was commenced in 1965. A second thinning and N and P fertilizer treatment was applied in 1986. The effect of thinning and fertilizer on tree and stand level growth and allometry was evaluated. Thinning resulted in higher values of under bark diameter at breast height (DBHUB) and tree height, and lower values of height diameter ratio (HDR), stand basal area under bark (BAUB) and stem number per unit area. Growth of DBHUB increased with a decrease in stand density. Growth of stand BAUB peaked at intermediate stand densities. Fertilizer increased growth in DBHUB and stand BAUB. Height growth was significantly greater in thinned plots. Thinning had a significant effect on the allometric relation between diameter at breast height over bark (DBHOB) and each of height, HDR and crown width (CW) while fertilizer had a significant effect on the allometric relation between DBHOB and each of height and HDR. Height and CW increased with an increase in DBHOB but HDR decreased. Larger sized trees resulting from thinning and addition of fertilizer are likely to provide a higher volume of timber, firewood, fruits (important food for threatened cockatoos), and improved visual amenity. As thinning had a positive effect on diameter and height growth and self-thinning in jarrah is relatively low (0.20% yr−1), thinning may be a valuable management tool to accelerate development of larger trees which can be beneficial for both timber production and conservation.
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