The classification of fish species has become an essential task for marine ecologists and biologists for the estimation of large quantities of fish variants in their own environment and also to ...supervise their population changes. Different conventional classification is expensive, time-consuming, and laborious. Scattering and absorption of light in deep sea atmosphere achieves a very low-resolution image and becomes highly challenging for the recognition and classification of fish variants. Then, the performance rate of existing computer vision methods starts to reduce underwater because of highly indistinct features and background clutter of marine species. The attained classification issues can be resolved using deep structured models, which are highly recommended to enhance the performance rate in fish species classification. But, only a limited amount of fish datasets is available, which makes the system more complex, and also, they need enormous amounts of datasets to perform training. So, it is essential to develop an automated and optimized system to detect, categorize, track, and minimize manual interference in fish species classification. Thus, this paper aims to suggest a new fish species classification model by the optimized recurrent neural network (RNN) and feature fusion. Initially, standard underwater images are acquired from a standard database. Then, the gathered images are pre-processed for cleaning and enhancing the quality of images using “contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and histogram equalization”. Then, the deep feature extractions are obtained using DenseNet, MobileNet, ResNet, and VGG16, where the gathered features are given to the new phase optimal feature selection. They are performed with a new heuristic algorithm called “modified mating probability-based water strider algorithm (MMP-WSA)” that attains the optimal features. Further, the optimally selected features are further fed to the feature fusion process, where the feature fusion is carried out using the adaptive fusion concept. Here, the weights are tuned using the designed MMP-WSA. In addition, the fused features are sent to the classification phase, where the classification is performed using developed FishRNFuseNET, in which the parameters of the RNN are tuned by developed MMP-WSA for getting accurate classified outcomes. The proposed method is an effective substitute for time-consuming and strenuous approaches in human identification by professionals, and it turned as a benefit to monitor the biodiversity of fish in their place.
Purpose: To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in the city of Bangalore, Karnataka and to determine the error of inclusion and ...exclusion from these schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Children in four schools for the blind were subjected to a detailed ophthalmic evaluation. The World Health Organization Program for Prevention of Blindness low-vision form was used to collect data. To know the educational background of children with visual disability of 40% or more (best-corrected visual acuity of ≤6/24 in the better eye), not in schools for the blind, we collected data by telephonic conversation after procuring their phone numbers from our low-vision clinic. Results: One-hundred-seventy-eight children were examined. The major site of anomaly causing blindness in 31% of children was optic nerve, followed by retina (24%), cornea (23%), and whole globe (22%). Avoidable blindness was 35.42%. Thirteen percent of the children with no visual disability were incorrectly enrolled in blind schools. We were able to contact 92 children with a visual disability of ≥40%. Seventy-eight children (84.78%) attended regular schools; these schools were bereft of a specially trained teacher to look after the needs of the blind. Conclusion: Avoidable blindness is still a cause for concern. Children should undergo eye-examination before being enrolled in schools for the blind to avoid errors of inclusion. Though integrated education for children with vision disability is a good approach, it requires teachers trained in teaching skills particular to blindness. Education for the visually impaired in India needs a major revision.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose: While there are a few studies that show the prevalence of blindness and ocular morbidity in children, studies on socioeconomic factors in childhood cataracts are scarce. We aimed to study ...the socioeconomic status, education and occupation of the parents, consanguinity, and gender inequality among children presenting with cataracts. Methods: This was a hospital-based, prospective, descriptive study of 68 children with cataracts (aged 0-18 years). In addition to the data on clinical parameters and surgical management, we also collected data on age, gender, age at which the chief complaint was noticed, consanguinity of parents, socioeconomic class, and occupation and education of parents. All statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc statistical software (MedCalc Software 2019, Ostend, Belgium). Results: Sixty-eight children with pediatric cataract, out of which 36 were bilateral, were studied. Thirty children (44%) were in the age group of 1-5 years. Out of the 36 bilateral cataracts, 25 (69.44%) were males and 11 (30.56%) were females. Thirty (44.1%) had a delayed presentation. Also, 31% belonged to middle class and 28% belonged to lower middle class. Moreover, 65% of the mothers had an undergraduate education. Conclusion: There is a gender-based inequality and late presentation of childhood cataracts. To improve early detection, red reflex screening should be mandatorily done. Further studies are required to identify barriers to access of eye care specific to girls, in order to plan interventions to improve uptake of treatment. The lower socioeconomic status of the patients should be taken into account in the management of this disease.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Total Eccentricity Indices Of A Graph Bhanumathi, M; Mariselvi, R M
Turkish journal of computer and mathematics education,
05/2021, Letnik:
12, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We have defined and evaluated total eccentricity indices of polyhex nanotubes TUAC6(p, q) and TUZC6(p, q). In thispaper, we compute First Total Eccentricity Index, Second Total Eccentricity Index, ...First Multiplicative Total Eccentricity Index, Second Multiplicative Total Eccentricity Index, First Hyper Total Eccentricity Index, Second Hyper Total Eccentricity Index, First Multiplicative Hyper Total Eccentricity Index and Second Multiplicative Hyper Total Eccentricity Index of a graph using Total graph of a graph. We evaluate the value of these indices for some standard graphs.
Let G be a simple (p, q) graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). BG2(G) is a graph with vertex set V(G) È E(G) and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they correspond to two adjacent ...vertices of G, a vertex and an edge incident to it in G or two non-adjacent edges of G. In this paper, we studied eccentric domination number of Boolean graph BG2(G), obtained bounds of this parameter and determined its exact value for several classes of graphs.
Fire outbreak is a major issue in oil wells, forests, houses, industries all over the world. The damage caused by these types of accidents is tremendous towards nature and humankind. After these ...incidents, the need for an application for fire detection has increased. However various fire detection systems use temperature or smoke sensors which takes more response time. Moreover, these systems are expensive and are not widely effective, when the fire is placed far away from the detectors. This led to various alternatives such as computer vision, image processing techniques. One of the cost-effective methods would be the usage of surveillance cameras to detect the fire to inform the relevant parties. The proposed research work suggests a method to use surveillance cameras to monitor the occurrence of fire anywhere within the camera range. In this method, an RGB color pattern and motion detection technologies are used to detect the fire by background subtraction method. The choice capacity of fire-pixels is concluded by the force and immersion of the R part. It has been used that finds the boundary of the moving region in the color segmented image and calculates the number of fire pixels in this area. At that point, a fire identification framework is created dependent on this technique to identify fire effectively to spare life and property from fireperil.
Aim and Objectives
The prospective study was to evaluate the incidence, type of neurosensory disturbance (NSD), grade its severity and monitor its recovery occurring in the lower lip and chin due to ...damage to inferior alveolar nerve following orthognathic surgery involving mandible.
Materials and Methods
The study included 10 patients who have undergone sagittal split osteotomy, genioplasty, and anterior subapical osteotomy (ASO). All the patients examined preoperatively and post operatively 1 week, 1 and 6 months according to standardized test to clarify the subjective and objective neurosensory status of the injured nerve. Pin prick test, blunt test, two-point discrimator test, brush stoke direction, light touch test, warm and cold test were used bilaterally to lower lip and chin area.
Results
Seven patients underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) (70 %), one patient had BSSO with genioplasty (10 %), two patients had BSSO with ASO (20 %). During the operation none of the nerves were transectioned, in 60 % of patients nerve was not visible and in 40 % of patients nerve was seen in distal segment. 70 % of patients underwent setback, 30 % of patients underwent advancement. The subjective evaluation of the patients revealed the incidence of 90 % at 1 week, 30 % at 1 month, 20 % at 6 months and 10 % at 1 year post operatively. The altered sensation reported subjectively was hypoesthesia in 50 % of the patients, anaesthesia in 40 % of the patients. There was 100 % recovery in advancement cases and 93.5 % recovery in setback cases.
Conclusion
There is a high incidence of NSD of the lower lip and chin after BSSO related to advancement, setback, intraoperative nerve encounter and surgical skill. However, recovery of sensation occurs with increasing frequency during the follow-up period. The clinical neurosensory tests are effective guides to study the neurosensory deficit.
Class III malocclusion is a consequence of maxillary deficiency and/or mandibular prognathism, resulting in an anterior crossbite and a concave profile. Early class III malocclusion treatment with ...reverse pull headgear generally results in maxillary skeletal protraction but is frequently also accompanied by unfavourable dentoalveolar effects. Titanium miniplates used as temporary anchorage device might permit equivalent favourable skeletal changes without unwanted dentoalveolar effects. We report two cases having class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency treated by using titanium miniplates. Cephalometric tracings were done pre and post treatment to determine the anatomic changes during the course of treatment.
Let G = (V, E, ) be a fuzzy graph. Let M be a subset of V. M is said to be a fuzzy metric basis of G if for every pair of vertices x, y V ‒ M, there exists a vertex w M such that d (w, x) d ...(w, y). The number of elements in M is said to be fuzzy metric dimension (FMD) of G and is denoted by (G). The elements in M are called as source vertices. In this paper, we study the fuzzy metric dimension of fuzzy hypercube Qn, fuuzy Boolean Graph BG2 (G) and fuzzy Boolean Graph BG3 (G).
PDF
