A 8-parent diallel analysis was taken to investigate the genetic effects and heterosis for seed yield and 6 physiobiochemical characters in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under timely and late sown ...conditions at research farm of Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22. Significant disproportion of GCA and SCA variances depicted that both additive and non-additive gene action plays a vital role for genetic control of all the traits. Though the relative amount of GCA/SCA was less than unity for all traits under study signifying that non-additive gene plays a key role under the environments studied. The parents CSJ-515, CSJD-884 and RSG-963 emerged as good general combiners for seed yield, additionally theparents CSJ 515 and RSG 963 were considered as good general combiners for CC and PV, whereas parent CSJD-884 for MSI, TCC and PC. The crosses CSJD 884 × RSG 963, CSJD 884 × RSG 973, CSJD 884 × Avrodhi, CSJD 884 × HC 5, RSG 963 × CSJ 515, RSG 974 × HC 5 and CSJ 515 × HC 5 showed consistent SCA effect and heterobeltiosis for seed yield and one or more heat tolerant physio-biochemical traits and projected that these crosses would provide enviable transgressive segregate for heat tolerance.
...anti-hail nets provide protection from hail damage and are also considered economical. ...anti-hails nets are considered the best measure for hail damage mitigation so far. Shade nets are ...extensively used by the apple growers to protect the apple fruits from hail damages as well as radiation damages, as excessive solar radiation causes fruit physiological disorders resulting in huge economic loss for the growers (Rackson and Schrader, 2012). Increase in soil moisture content might be due to reduction in amount of solar radiation reaching the ground. A significant alteration in microclimatic parameters is caused due to hail nets as hail nets decreases the total incident solar radiation therefore altering all the other environmental factors like temperature, humidity, light and soil moisture, under net yield had higher value than without nets.
The research on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) continue to gain a bourgeoning interest for their extensive applications in different field including sensing and biosensing. In this study, the ...red-emitting rod-type aggregates L (λex = 375 nm, λem = 597 nm) was prepared facilely in two steps, i.e., the vitamin B6 cofactor pyridoxal was first condensed with the p-phenylenediamine followed by the DMSO solution of the orange precipitate formed was allowed to self-aggregate by adding poor solvent. Upon self-aggregation of L, the restriction of intramolecular motion and the ESIPT phenomenon play the key role in emitting red fluorescence at 597 nm. The pH dependent emission study of the aggregates L revealed three distinct pH windows: red-emitting between pH 5.4 to 9.1, green emitting above pH 9.9 and non-fluorescent in acidic pH. The aggregates L in HEPES buffer (5% DMSO, 10 mM, pH = 7.4) showed a selective turn-off response towards Cu2+ with a good linearity between 4.8 and 14.7 μM and a detection limit of 2.7 μM. The quenching was occurred due to the non-fluorescent complex formed between L and Cu2+ in the ground state. Addition of strong chelating agent EDTA reversed the quenched fluorescence of L. To improve the practical utility, the turn-off sensor L was converted into a ratiometric sensor for Cu2+ by adding an optimized amount of fluorescein (Fl) dye. The dual emitting L@Fl showed fluorescence quenching at 597 nm whereas concomitant enhancement at 515 nm because of the energy transfer mechanism. The developed ratiometric sensor showed improved detection limit of 0.72 μM. Finally, the practical utility of both L as turn-off sensor and L@Fl as ratiometric sensor was examined by quantifying Cu2+ concentration in different real samples.
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•A red-emitting aggregates L was prepared by reacting pyridoxal with p-phenylenediamine.•Restriction of intramolecular motion and ESIPT play the key role in converting L to a red-emitting aggregates L.•Aggregates L was applied for the sensing of pH.•Aggregates L in HEPES buffer (5% DMSO, pH = 7.4) showed a selective turn-off response towards Cu2+.•Aggregates L was converted into a ratiometric sensor for Cu2+ by adding fluorescein (Fl) dye.
Statistical analysis of water quality parameters were analyzed at Harike Lake on the confluence of Beas and Sutlej rivers of Punjab (India). Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, kurtosis, ...skewness, coefficient of variation, regression lines, correlation coefficient, Hurst exponent, fractal dimension and predictability index were estimated for each water parameter. Monthly variation of water quality index using month-wise and parameter-wise value of quality rating and actual value present in water sample was calculated and compared with World Health Organization/Environmental Protection Agency standard value of these parameters. It was observed that Brownian time series behavior exists of potential of hydrogen with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride and conductance parameters; biochemical oxygen demand with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; dissolved oxygen with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; ferrous with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, conductance and calcium parameters; chromium with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and zinc parameters; zinc with total dissolved solids, hardness, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; fluoride with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride and conductance parameters; nitrate with total dissolved solids, sulfate and conductance parameters; nitrite with potential of hydrogen, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters. Also, using water quality index, it was observed that water of the lake was severely contaminated and became unfit for drinking and industrial use.
Schiff base 4-((E)-((E)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol (
HSP)
was synthesized by condensing vitamin B
6
cofactor pyridoxal with salicylaldehyde ...hydrazone, and characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR,
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR, and ESI–MS). The solution of
HSP
in DMSO/HEPES (10 mM, pH = 7.4) mixed solvents with varying HEPES fractions (
f
w
) from 0 to 95% showed aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The AIE active
HSP
in 95% HEPES gave intense fluorescent emission at 570 nm was employed for the detection of metal ions. The fluorescence of
HSP
was quenched upon adding Cu
2+
and Fe
2+
ions. The association constant (
K
a
) of the Schiff base
HSP
with Cu
2+
and Fe
2+
ions was estimated as 4.08 × 10
5
M
−1
and 1.23 × 10
5
M
−1
, respectively by using the online analysis tool BindFit v0.5. The
HSP
showed the detection limit down to 1.75 µM and 1.89 µM for Cu
2+
and Fe
2+
ions, respectively. Further, the aggregates of
HSP
were applied to visualize latent fingerprints (LFPs) over a non-porous glass slide.
In Agroforestry systems, crops grown in interspaces of tree plantations undergo different kind of interactions with the environment, consequently affecting soil fertility in different ways. In the ...present study, soil and plants micronutrients and their uptake by five barley varieties (BH 946, BH 959, BH 393, BH 885 and BH 902) grown under poplar plantation as well as sole crop were examined. During this investigation, a significant increase in DTPA (Diethylene triamnine penta acetic acid) extractable micronutrients (Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Iron) was observed at all depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) under poplar plantation than sole crop. Sole crop exhibited higher micronutrient uptake than under poplar plantations. Maximum uptake of soil micronutrients like Zn, Mn and Cu (495.5, 527.06 and 53.8 g ha-1) were recorded in variety BH 946. However, variety BH 959 exhibited minimum uptake of soil micronutrients (401.85, 439.46 and 44.07 g ha-1) during this study.
Investigating drowning‐related deaths remains a significant problem for forensic personnel all over the world. The previously published decomposition scoring method like the total aquatic ...decomposition (TAD) score promises to estimate the correct post‐mortem submersion interval (PMSI) in aquatic habitats through the assessment and calculation of the decomposition rate and accumulated degree days (ADD). The current study comprised of 53 drowned death cases belonging to various districts of Haryana from May 2016 to August 2017. The regression and Pearson's correlation indicated a significant correlation between the TAD scores and the actual ADD (calculated through water temperatures) (r2 = 0.917) and between the actual and the estimated ADDs (calculated through TAD scores used by Heaton et al. 21) (r = 0.9585). The results indicated that the estimated ADD tends to over predict the PMSI compared to the actual ADD. It is further confirmed by paired t‐test, which showed the mean of actual ADD (mean = 349) to be significantly lower than the mean of estimated ADD (mean = 663). Moreover, these methods will help forensic investigators and researchers formulate region‐specific regression equations for PMSI estimation.
Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for detection of groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) causing potato stem necrosis disease. The isothermal ...temperatures, reaction periods and concentrations of reaction mixture were optimized where, the assay worked well at 65 °C for 50 min, 6 U of WarmStart Bst 2.0 DNA polymerase, 1.4 mM dNTPs and 2.0 mM MgSO4. The optimized assay proved to be specific to GBNV with no cross reactivity to other viruses infecting potato in India. The specificity of RT-LAMP assay was found to be 100 fold more sensitive than that of RT-PCR. The developed assay was applied for the detection of GBNV from 80 potato leaf samples where 24 samples were found infected which was confirmed by RT-PCR. It was concluded that the RT-LAMP assay developed for detection of GBNV was specific, sensitive and suitable for its use in virus indexing under potato seed production programme.
•Developed RT-LAMP assay for specific and sensitive detection of GBNV infecting potato.•The assay was proved to be highly specificity without any cross-reactivity.•The developed RT-LAMP assay proved to be 100 fold more sensitive as compared to RT-PCR.•Developed assay was applied for detection of GBNV from unknown potato leaf samples.
Background & Aims Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP). We evaluated the effects of antioxidant supplementation on pain relief, oxidative stress, ...and antioxidant status in patients with CP. Methods In a placebo-controlled double blind trial, consecutive patients with CP were randomized to groups that were given placebo or antioxidants for 6 months. The primary outcome measure was pain relief, and secondary outcome measures were analgesic requirements, hospitalization, and markers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances TBARS) and antioxidant status (ferric-reducing ability of plasma FRAP). Results Patients (age 30.5 ± 10.5 years, 86 male, 35 alcoholic, and 92 with idiopathic CP) were assigned to the placebo (n = 56) or antioxidant groups (n = 71). After 6 months, the reduction in the number of painful days per month was significantly higher in the antioxidant group compared with the placebo group (7.4 ± 6.8 vs 3.2 ± 4, respectively; P < .001; 95% CI, 2.07, 6.23). The reduction in the number of analgesic tablets per month was also higher in the antioxidant group (10.5 ± 11.8 vs 4.4 ± 5.8 respectively; P = .001; 95% CI, 2.65, 9.65). Furthermore, 32% and 13% of patients became pain free in the antioxidant and placebo groups, respectively ( P = .009). The reduction in the level of TBARS and increase in FRAP were significantly higher in the antioxidant group compared with the placebo group (TBARS: placebo 1.2 ± 2.7 vs antioxidant 3.5 ± 3.4 nmol/mL; P = .001; 95% CI 0.96, 3.55; FRAP: placebo −5.6 ± 154.9 vs antioxidant 97.8 ± 134.9 μMFe+2 liberated, P = .001, 95% CI 44.98, 161.7). Conclusions Antioxidant supplementation was effective in relieving pain and reducing levels of oxidative stress in patients with CP.
Naturally occurring, pharmacologically active peptides constrained with covalent crosslinks generally have shapes that have evolved to fit precisely into binding pockets on their targets. Such ...peptides can have excellent pharmaceutical properties, combining the stability and tissue penetration of small-molecule drugs with the specificity of much larger protein therapeutics. The ability to design constrained peptides with precisely specified tertiary structures would enable the design of shape-complementary inhibitors of arbitrary targets. Here we describe the development of computational methods for accurate de novo design of conformationally restricted peptides, and the use of these methods to design 18-47 residue, disulfide-crosslinked peptides, a subset of which are heterochiral and/or N-C backbone-cyclized. Both genetically encodable and non-canonical peptides are exceptionally stable to thermal and chemical denaturation, and 12 experimentally determined X-ray and NMR structures are nearly identical to the computational design models. The computational design methods and stable scaffolds presented here provide the basis for development of a new generation of peptide-based drugs.
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