Correcting taxonomic misidentifications is crucial to ensuring the conservation and use of wild relatives in crop breeding programmes.
Macrotyloma sar-garhwalensis
R.D.Gaur & L.R.Dangwal, described ...as a new species from Uttarakhand (India) in 1997, is one such case of mistaken identity. Critical study of its protologue, type specimen, and field-grown plants indicated that this species was conspecific to
Clitoria annua
J.Graham. Molecular systematic studies using ITS 2 sequence regions further confirmed its closeness to
C. ternatea
L., than to any of the studied
Macrotyloma
species. This taxon, when considered as a wild relative of horsegram (
M. uniflorum
(Lam.) Verdc.), was given much importance in plant genetic resources programmes. This communication, besides revealing the differences of the taxon in question from
Macrotyloma
, brings out implications of this wrong taxonomic placement (under
Macrotyloma
). It also highlights the need for depositing type specimen in national repositories for ready access and strengthening the taxonomic base of botanists in general and agricultural scientists in particular.
The first direct fabrication of A2B- and A3-type B(III)subchlorins from meso-ethoxycarbonyl-substituted tripyrrane has been realized by condensation with appropriate acid chlorides (benzoyl ...chloride, butyryl chloride, and ethyl chlorooxoacetate). The aliphatic acid chloride-based annulation reaction is new to subporphyrinoid chemistry. The phenyl (6a)- or n-propyl (6b)-substituted derivatives could be oxidized to the corresponding B(III)subporphyrins upon refluxing with DDQ, whereas the triethoxycarbonyl moiety (6c) was found to be resistant to oxidation and exhibits the most red-shifted absorption (587 nm) and emission (604 nm). The study indicates that absorption and emission behaviors of the B(III)subchlorin can be tuned by the introduction of electron-rich or electron-deficient substituents at the meso-position. B(III)subchlorins 6a and 6c generate singlet oxygen efficiently (44 and 40%, respectively) and, thus, may find application as potential photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Introduction: We present a retrospective study of distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms operated at our institute.
Material and methods: From 1988 to 2013, a total of 132 DACA aneurysms ...were managed surgically. The retrospective data of these patients was collected and analysed.
Results: They comprised 6.2% of all 2137 aneurysms operated during the same period. The mean age at presentation was 48.3 years (range: 24-77 years) and the male: female ratio was 1:2. The notable symptom in 114 (86.4%) patients was headache, in 94 (71.2%) was loss of consciousness, in 25 (18.9%) was seizures, and in 17 (12.9%) was limb weakness. There were 99 (75%) patients in World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade <3 at admission. On plain computed tomography (CT) scan, intracerebral hemorrhage was seen in 49 (37.1%) and intraventricular hemorrhage in 23 (17.4%) patients. The most common site of aneurysm was the pericallosal (A3 segment) artery noted in 65 (49.2%) patients. Multiple aneurysms were observed in 16 (12.1%) cases. The mean timing of surgery from the first ictus was 17.8 days. The delay was due to a late referral, poor general condition, recurrent bleeding, and worse WFNS grade at presentation. Aneurysms were operated through the following approaches: parasaggital craniotomy in 61 (46.2%), bifrontal craniotomy in 64 (48.5%), and frontotemporal craniotomy in 7 (5.3%). Aneurysms could be successfully clipped in 93.2% of the cases. Postoperative mortality was 8 (6%). The follow-up data was available for 83 (62.9%) patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 15.1 months (1-70 months), with more than 41 (31%) patients having a follow-up of more than 6 months. A favorable outcome (good recovery or moderate disability) was seen in 71 (85.5%) cases.
Conclusions: A meticulous attention to the surgical technique provides gratifying results in DACA aneurysms even in patients who present initially in a compromised clinical status.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The effect of lavender oil on aggregation characteristics of P123 in aqueous-ethanolic solutions is investigated systematically by DLS, SANS, and rheology. The solubilization capacity of the P123 ...based formulations toward Lavender oil increased by increasing P123 concentration. The study unveiled the importance of the short chain alcohol-ethanol, as solubilization enhancer. The apparent hydrodynamic radius (R h) increased significantly with an increase in lavender oil concentration up to maximum oil solubilization capacity of the copolymer at a particular ethanol concentration. DLS measurements on 5, 10, and 15 wt% P123 in the presence of 25% ethanol revealed the presence of large-sized micellar clusters in addition to the oil swollen micelles. The core size (R C), radius of hard sphere (R HS), and aggregation number (N) obtained from SANS profiles showed considerable enhancement with the addition of lavender oil confirming penetration of oil inside the copolymer. Rheological studies showed that viscosity also increased significantly with the addition of lavender oil near the maximum loading limit of the P123 concentration. Quite interestingly, the sol–gel transition temperature displayed a strong dependence on both P123 as well as oil concentration and decreased almost linearly by increasing oil concentration. This study demonstrates the use of a biocompatible and temperature sensitive self-assembled P123 based formulation for lavender oil solubilization that can be beneficial in the cosmetic industry wherein controlled release of fragrances and so forth is demanded.
The Heat Shock Factor (Hsf) genes are widely distributed across the plant kingdom regulating the plant response to various abiotic stresses. In addition to natural selection, breeding and accelerated ...selection changed the structure and function of Hsf genes. 1076 Hsf genes from 30 genera from primitive algae to the most advanced plant species and major crop plants were used for phylogenetic analysis. The interspecific divergence was studied with 11 members of genus Oryza while intraspecific divergence was studied with sesame pan-genome adapted to diverse ecological niches. B2 genes in eudicots and monocots originated separately while A1 gave rise to the recently evolved Class-C genes and land colonization happened with evolution of A1 genes. An increase in the number of lineages in the Oryza clade with the evolution of AA genome indicated independent domestication and positive selection was observed in > 53% of loci whereas the highly conserved homologues were under purifying selection. The paralogous genes under positive selection exhibited more domain changes for diversified function and increased fitness. A significant co-evolving cluster involving amino acids Phenylalanine, Lysine and Valine played crucial role in maintaining hydrophobic core along with highly conserved Tryptophan residues. A mutation of Glutamic acid to Glutamine was observed in A8 genes of Lamiales affecting protein solvency. Breeding resulted in accumulation of mutations reducing the hydrophobicity of proteins and a further reduction in protein aggregation. This study identify genome duplications, non-neutral selection and co-evolving residues as causing drastic changes in the conserved domain of Hsf proteins.
Okra is one of the important vegetable crops suffering from yield losses due to various biotic stresses. Crop wild relatives are reservoir of genetic resistance to biotic stresses but their ...utilization in crop breeding is restricted by various pre- and post-zygotic crossing barriers. In our study, multiple stress tolerant lines ‘IC90476-1’ of
Abelmoschus manihot
var.
tetraphyllus
and (IC141055) of
Abelmoschus moschatus
were crossed reciprocally with commercially grown variety Pusa A-4 of
A. esculentus
. Subsequently, only direct cross (
Abelmoschus esculentus
as female parent) F
1
s, amphidiploidized (C
1
), selfed and backcrossed with
A. esculentus
variety Pusa A-4 were raised to investigate the crossability barriers.
Abelmoschus manihot
var.
tetraphyllus
was found to be bi-directionally crossable with
A. esculentus
and not hampered by any serious pre- and post-zygotic barriers. But differences in ploidy leads to failing in production of F
1
seeds upon selfing and backcrossing. Therefore, amphidiploidization of F
1
hybrid followed by selfing and backcrossing (amphidiploid as seed parent) is recommended as an effective strategy to transfer desirable traits from
A. manihot
var.
tetraphyllus
to
A. esculentus
. However,
A. moschatus
×
A. esculentus
crosses suffered from severe pre-zygotic barriers that resulted in formation of aborted embryo with partially filled seeds. Therefore, use of
A. esculentus
only as female parent, in crossing with
A. moschatus
may increase the production of viable F
1
seeds. In conclusion, colchicine (0.1%) induced amphidiploidization was found effective for restoration of fertility. However greater success was obtained in reciprocal backcrossing (
A. esculentus
× F
1
/C
1
) compared to amphidiploidization followed by selfing of C
1
was recommended for gene introgression from
A. moschatus
.
Purpose
Ultrasonography is currently used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. There is a dearth of information on how effective an ultrasound-guided (USG) ...steroid injection is when compared to surgical release of the first extensor compartment. Hence, we performed a non-randomized two-armed comparison study to test our hypothesis that USG guided steroid injection is equally effective as surgery.
Method
62 consecutive patients participated in the study with 32 of them selecting the option of USG guided injection (Set A), and the rest undergoing surgical release (Set B). We reviewed them after 3 and 6 weeks and 6 months for functional outcome using DASH, PRWE and VAS scores, recurrence, or any complications. They were further followed if they were symptomatic.
Results
The DASH/PRWE/VAS scores improved at the end of 6 months from 81.7/79.3/6.8 to 1.0/1.7/1.0, respectively for patients undergoing USG guided steroid injection. Similarly, for the patient undergoing surgery, the scores improved from 82.2/81.5/6.7 to 1.7/3.4/1.0, respectively. This was statistically significant in both the groups (
p
< 0.05) and was comparable to each other. Two patients in Set A came back with recurrence at eight and 10 months and two reported occasional pain on heavy work. Three patients had tenderness and two had numbness in Set B at the scar site.
Conclusion
We observed that USG guided steroid injections are comparable to surgical release in terms of pain relief, functional outcome, complications.
The influence of boron on the β transus of Ti–6Al–4V is established in a powder metallurgy Ti–6Al–4V–1.7B alloy using microstructural analysis, electrical resistivity, and dilatometry. An increase in ...the β transus by ∼60
°C was observed, which is attributed to the equilibrium as well as to supersaturated B in the solid solution.
Rose (Rosa × hybrida L.) is a commercially important ornamental crop which represents major share in world floriculture market and essential oil industry. In the present investigation, genetic ...diversity among 25 fragrant rose cultivars belonging to exotic and Indian origin was studied during 2016-17 at New Delhi. Thirty one SSR markers were used for characterization. A total of 96 alleles were identified among the genotypes with an average of 3.9 alleles per loci. Diversity among populations of different origins was analysed and it revealed that, cultivars from Indian origin exhibited higher diversity as compared to the selected cultivars from American and European origin. Effective number of alleles (Ne) and expected heterozygosity (He) values were more in Indian population (Ne=1.93, He=0.49) as compared to selected populations of American (Ne=1.45, He=0.45 and European (Ne=1.29, He=0.29) origin. Matching coefficient values ranged from 0.55– 0.86 indicated the existence of moderate variability among fragrant roses of different origin. Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram clearly separated all the 25 genotypes into 7 different clusters. Cultivars, Rose Sherbet, Century Two Seedling and Brandy showed distant relationship with other cultivars and were found in three different individual clusters V, VI and VII respectively. The highest and lowest similarity values were noticed between the cultivar sets, Jawahar and Double Delight (86%) and Century Two Seedling and Brandy (55%). The molecular data generated in present investigation would be highly helpful for cultivar identification, conservation and for breeding fragrant roses.
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