The rupture of a brain aneurysm causes bleeding in the subarachnoid space and is known as aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). In our study, we evaluated the association of factor XIII ...polymorphism and the risk of Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) in South Indian population.
The study was performed in 200 subjects with aSAH and 205 healthy control subjects. Genotyping of rs5985(c.103G > T (p.Val35Leu)) and rs5982(c.1694C > T (p.Pro564Leu)) polymorphism was performed by Taqman® allelic discrimination assay.
In our study, Val/Leu genotype frequency was higher in control subjects (18%) compared to aSAH patients (9%).The Val/Leu genotype was associated with lower risk of aSAH (OR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.26-0.88, p = 0.02). When compared with Val allele, Leu allele was significantly associated with lower risk of aSAH (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.32-0.95, p = 0.03). In subtyping, we found a significant association of Leu/Leu genotype with the Basilar top aneurysm (OR = 3.59, 95%CI = 1.11-11.64, p = 0.03). In c.1694C > T (p.Pro565Leu) variant, Pro/Pro Vs Pro/Leu genotype (OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 1.10-3.85, p = 0.02) was significantly associated with higher risk of aSAH. The 564Leu allelic frequency in aSAH patients (36%) was higher when compared with that in healthy controls (30%) in our study. When allele frequency (Pro Vs Leu) was compared, 564Leu allele was found to be significantly associated with higher aSAH risk (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.01-1.83, p = 0.04). (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.01-1.83, p = 0.04). Regarding rs5985 and rs5982, significant association was found in the log-additive model (OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.33-0.97, p = 0.034; OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.00-1.72, p = 0.043).
These results suggest that 34Leu allele was a protective factor for lower risk of aSAH whereas 564Leu allele was associated with higher risk of aSAH in South Indian population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sesame is an important oil seed crop worldwide and has essential health and medicinal values. In the present study, ahigh-throughput transcriptome sequencing of sesame was performed using Illumina ...paired-end sequencing technologyfor gene and marker discovery. Approximately 6 Gb data was generated and assembled into 16548 unigenes withan N50 of 905 bp. In addition, a total of 1716 unigeneswere assigned to 22 KEGG pathways. The unigenes resultedfrom this study are involved in lipid metabolism and Glycan biosynthesis pathways etc. Furthermore, 1443 SimpleSequence Repeats (SSR) were detected and consequently primers were designed.Our study enhances the genomic resources of sesame and provides ample amount of information about the transcriptome and SSRs which could serveas a valuable basis for future studies.
Construction projects are the fuel for economic growth of any nation as they provide the essential requirements of housing, transportation, connectivity, and social infrastructure. India is in need ...of rapid infrastructure development. However, construction projects in India are plagued by a global phenomenon--"Delays/Time overruns". Projects in India continue to suffer excessive delays. To identify the root causes of delay specifically in different type of projects, the projects were categorized based on the type and causes for each project type viz., transportation, power, buildings, and water/irrigation sector were identified. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the major contractors, owners and consultants in India to determine the critical causes of delay. Sixty causes of delay identified from literature were selected for the study and ranked using the Importance Index (II). Financial related causes viz., delay in settlement of claims by owner, contractor's financial difficulties, delay in payment for extra work/variations and late payment from contractor to subcontractors/suppliers were found to be the most critical causes of delay in all the type of projects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior professionals of Indian construction industry and exhaustive mitigation measures for top causes of delay were also developed to overcome them. These mitigation measures will serve as a checklist of best practices and will aid project managers and professionals to control delay causes and improve construction project delivery.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life- threatening condition with high rate of disability and mortality. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and Factor XIIIA (F13A) genes are involved in the pathogenetic ...mechanism of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). We evaluated the association of promoter methylation status of APOE and F13A gene and risk of aSAH.
For evaluating the effect of hypermethylation in the promoter region of these genes with risk of aSAH, we conducted a case -control study with 50 aSAH patients and 50 healthy control. The methylation pattern was analysed using methylation specific PCR. The risk factors associated with poor outcome after aSAH was also analysed in this study. The outcome was assessed using Glasgow outcome score (GOS) after 3 months from the initial bleed.
The frequency of APOE and F13A methylation pattern showed insignificant association with risk of aSAH in this study. Gender stratification analysis suggests that F13A promoter methylation status was significantly associated with the risk of aSAH in male gender. Age, aneurysm located at the anterior communicating artery and diabetes mellitus showed significant association with poor outcome after aSAH.
There was no significant association with APOE promoter methylation with the risk as well as outcome of patients after aSAH. F13A promoter methylation status was significantly associated with risk of aSAH in male gender, with no significant association with outcome after aSAH.
In this work, we report on the detection of enhanced TeV γ- ray emission from the high synchrotron-peaked blazar Mrk 421 with the TACTIC telescope on the night of December 28, 2014 (MJD 57019). We ...use data from the TACTIC observations of Mrk 421 for one week during December 25–31, 2014 (MJD 57016–57022) in this study. The TACTIC observation on December 28, 2014 (MJD 57019) alone results in the detection of 86 ± 17 γ- ray like events from Mrk 421 with a statistical significance of 5.17σ in a livetime of ∼ 2.2 hours above an energy threshold of 0.85 TeV. The high statistics (higher than three Crab Units) of TeV photons enables us to study the very high energy (VHE) γ- ray emission from the source at shorter timescales. A minimum variability timescale of ∼ 0.72 days is obtained for the TeV γ- ray emission from Mrk 421 during the above flaring activity of the source. The intrinsic VHE spectrum is described by a power law with spectral index of 2.99 ± 0.38 in the energy range 0.85–8.5 TeV. The integral VHE γ- ray flux above 0.85 TeV is determined to be (3.68±0.64)×10−11 ph cm−2 s−1 from the TACTIC observations of Mrk 421 on the night of December 28, 2014 (MJD 57019). Near simultaneous measurements by the HAWC observatory give an integral flux of (2.90±0.40)×10−11 ph cm−2 s−1 above 2 TeV from Mrk 421 observations on December 29, 2014 (MJD 57020.33–57020.58). We have also analysed the contemporaneous data from Fermi-LAT to study the high energy (HE) γ–ray emission during the high activity state of the source. The HE γ–ray emission is observed to be increasing after the TeV flaring activity detected with the TACTIC. We also use other near simultaneous archival data available from the Swift-BAT in hard X-rays and from SPOL at Steward Observatory in optical V and R bands to characterize the multi-wavelength emission of Mrk 421 during the high activity state observed at TeV energies. The TeV γ- ray emission observed on December 28, 2014 (MJD 57019) is found to be more prominent than the emissions in lower energy bands during the same period. The TeV γ- ray observation of Mrk 421 in high activity state with the TACTIC telescope is also used to understand the physical mechanism for blazar emission under the frame work of the leptonic single zone synchrotron self Compton process.
AbstractIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining momentum due to the advantages it possesses in congestion-free traffic, reduced probability of accidents, and economical transit thus ...reducing the transit time, saving human life, and helping the growth of the economy. Autonomous vehicles (AV) are an important part of ITS as these are the actual actuators of the ITS. In AVs, the perception system is particularly important as this provides vital information to the motion and planning system. Any error in perception of the environment by the AV will lead to the failure of the entire ITS. This article provides a thorough review of the recent technological advancements in perception systems. In this work, we have considered peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings on AV from 2019 onwards. The primary focus is on motion prediction models, object detection, localization, sensor data fusion, sensors, autonomous driving (AD), communication technology and AI. This article also discusses the various challenges faced by perception systems in AD and how communication technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help the perception system to overcome the existing challenges.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT Verticillium dahliae isolates from artichoke, bell pepper, cabbage, cauliflower, chili pepper, cotton, eggplant, lettuce, mint, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon and V. albo-atrum ...from alfalfa were evaluated for their pathogenicity on all 14 hosts. One-month-old seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of about 10(7) conidia per ml using a root-dip technique and incubated in the greenhouse. Disease incidence and severity, plant height, and root and shoot dry weights were recorded 6 weeks after inoculation. Bell pepper, cabbage, cauliflower, cotton, eggplant, and mint isolates exhibited host specificity and differential pathogenicity on other hosts, whereas isolates from artichoke, lettuce, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon did not. Bell pepper was resistant to all Verticillium isolates except isolates from bell pepper and eggplant. Thus, host specificity exists in some isolates of V. dahliae. The same isolates were characterized for vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) through complementation of nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants. Cabbage and cauliflower isolates did not produce nit mutants. The isolate from cotton belonged to VCG 1; isolates from bell pepper, eggplant, potato, and tomato, to VCG 4; and the remaining isolates, to VCG 2. These isolates were also analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Forty random primers were screened, and eighteen of them amplified DNA from Verticillium. Based on RAPD banding patterns, cabbage and cauliflower isolates formed a unique group, distinct from other V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum groups. Minor genetic variations were observed among V. dahliae isolates from other hosts, regardless of whether they were host specific or not. There was no correlation among pathogenicity, VCGs, and RAPD banding patterns. Even though the isolates belonged to different VCGs, they shared similar RAPD profiles. These results suggest that management of Verticillium wilt in some crops through crop rotation is a distinct possibility.
Tree species in the arid and semi-arid regions use various strategies to combat drought stress. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight et Arn., native to the Thar Desert in India, is highly ...drought-tolerant. To identify the most drought-tolerant ecotype of Z. nummularia, one ecotype each from semi-arid (Godhra, annual rainfall >750 mm), arid (Bikaner, 250-350 mm) and hyper-arid (Jaisalmer, <150 mm) regions was selected along with two other Ziziphus species, Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. and Ziziphus rotundifolia Lamk., and screened for parameters contributing to drought tolerance. Among these, Z. nummularia (Jaisalmer) (CIAHZN-J) was the most drought - tolerant. The tolerance nature of CIAHZN-J was associated with increased membrane stability, root length and number, length of hairs and thorns, root dry/fresh weight ratio, seed germination (at -0.5 MPa), proline content (31-fold), catalase and sugar content (two- to three-fold). Apart from these characteristics, it also exhibited the longest duration to reach highest cumulative drought stress rating, maintained higher relative water content for a longer period of time with reduced leaf size, leaf rolling and falling of older leaves, and displayed sustained shoot growth during drought stress. To determine drought tolerance in Ziziphus, we developed a morphological symptom-based screening technique in this study. Additionally, transcriptome profiling of CIAHZN-J in response to drought revealed the up-regulation of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport, abscisic acid biosynthesis, osmoregulation, reactive oxygen species homeostasis and maintaining water potential. Expression profiles and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR results further correlated with the physiological and biochemical mechanisms. In conclusion, CIAHZN-J is an excellent genetic stock for the identification of drought-responsive genes and can also be deployed in crop improvement programs for drought tolerance.
Geochemical study of 195 stream sediment samples (in less than 75 µm grain size) distributed in parts of Belgaum, Dharwad, and Uttar Kanada districts (bounded by latitudes from 15°15′00″ to 15°30′00″ ...and longitudes from 74°30′00″ to 74°45′00″) were studied for the major oxide, trace and rare earth element content. The objective of this study is to understand the recent sedimentary environment by establishing the generalized climatic conditions, chemical weathering, sediment sorting and recycling, sediment sources, and the tectonic setting of the study area. Geochemical signatures of the sediments indicate a semi-arid to the moist climate in the study area. Geochemical proxies show that annual rainfall in the study area varies from 378 to 692 mm, higher in the western part compared to that in the eastern side. The chemical index of alteration (67.70–94.01) and chemical index of weathering (76.24–97.37) collectively suggest moderate to high chemical weathering. Studied samples show a wide variation in major oxides and trace elements. Fe
2
O
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, MnO, K
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O, P
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O
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, Rb, Zr, and Sc display a positive correlation with Al
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O
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confirming their possible hydraulic fractionation. Zr/Sc vs. Th/Sc plot and correlation between CIA vs. Al
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O
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indicate strong sediment recycling and sorting. Bulk geochemistry data suggests the involvement of granite and other felsic rocks, intermediate and mafic rocks as the sources of surface sediments. Our observations are very well matching with the geology of the area. Major and trace element set of discrimination diagrams demarcates the passive margin settings for the studied samples, except for a few samples plotting into an active continental margin tectonic settings.
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