BEA zeolite was treated with phenoldisulfonic acid (PDSA) of different concentrations from 0.1 M to 1.0 M to obtain dealuminated zeolites. The treated BEA samples were characterized by XRD,
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Al-MAS ...NMR, SEM-EDX, TPD NH
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, pyridine-FTIR and BET measurements. Modified zeolites showed an increase in surface area and pore volume and a decrease in acid amount with an increase in PDSA concentration. An untreated BEA sample catalyzed the reaction between glycerol and acetone to form glycerol acteals to yield two products, five-membered dioxalane and six-membered dioxane. Under optimized reaction conditions, the untreated BEA sample showed 83% dioxalane and 17% dioxane while the modified samples showed an increase in dioxalane selectivity with an increase in the acid concentration used for the treatment. The 1 M PDSA treated sample exhibited 100% selectivity for dioxalane. This is attributed to an increase in pore volume and decrease in acid amount of the modified BEA samples with an increase in PDSA concentration. The combined effect of pore volume and acidity in determining dioxalane selectivity is discussed.
BEA zeolite is modified using phenoldisulfonic acid to change catalyst characteristics, which helps to form a single cyclic product. A new term called volume space acidity (VSA) provides volume space available for dioxane to dioxalane rearrangement.
Transenteric drainage of a pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) with poor adherence to the bowel wall risks leakage and perforation. Elimination of tract dilation and the use of a fully covered ...self-expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) may improve safety. We evaluated endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of PFCs using a one-step access device followed by placement of a FCSEMS. Eighteen patients (12 males; median age 50) with PFCs (median size 135 mm) meeting the criteria for indeterminate adherence were enrolled. After 7 - 10 days, the FCSEMSs were removed and exchanged for double-pigtail stents. When indicated, tract dilation and endoscopy-guided cyst debridement was performed. FCSEMS placement was technically successful in all patients without complications. Median procedure time was 37.5 minutes. Cystgastrostomy dilation resulted in dehiscence in one patient and was treated with repeat FCSEMS placement. Cyst resolution was achieved in 78 % of patients. FCSEMS placement without tract dilation enables safe initial drainage of PFCs with indeterminate adherence.
How AAA+ chaperones conformationally remodel specific target proteins in an ATP-dependent manner is not well understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism of the AAA+ protein Rubisco activase (Rca) ...in metabolic repair of the photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco, a complex of eight large (RbcL) and eight small (RbcS) subunits containing eight catalytic sites. Rubisco is prone to inhibition by tight-binding sugar phosphates, whose removal is catalyzed by Rca. We engineered a stable Rca hexamer ring and analyzed its functional interaction with Rubisco. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange and chemical crosslinking showed that Rca structurally destabilizes elements of the Rubisco active site with remarkable selectivity. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that Rca docks onto Rubisco over one active site at a time, positioning the C-terminal strand of RbcL, which stabilizes the catalytic center, for access to the Rca hexamer pore. The pulling force of Rca is fine-tuned to avoid global destabilization and allow for precise enzyme repair.
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•Rca contacts both large (RbcL) and small (RbcS) subunits of inactive Rubisco•Rca docks onto Rubisco side-on, engaging the flexible C-terminal strand of RbcL•Rca conformationally repairs one Rubisco catalytic site at a time•Rca performs “molecular surgery” with minimal structural perturbation
The key photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco undergoes inhibition by substrate and non-substrate sugar phosphates. Inhibited Rubisco requires metabolic repair by the AAA+ chaperone Rubisco activase. Using an integrated approach of biochemical and structural techniques, Bhat et al. show that activase repairs the defective enzyme with remarkable precision, avoiding global structural perturbation.
BACKGROUND: In developing countries, acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) cause considerable morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality in children aged <5 years.METHODS: A prospective ...case-control study was conducted to identify potential socio-demographic, nutritional
and environmental risk factors for ALRTI. The World Health Organization definition for ALRTI was used for cases. Healthy children attending child immunisation services were enrolled as controls.RESULTS: A total of 214 children, 107 cases and 107 controls, were enrolled. Among the cases,
pneumonia, severe pneumonia and very severe disease constituted respectively 23.3%, 47.7% and 29%. Among cases and controls, the male-to-female ratio (1.3:1 vs. 0.9:1) and the proportion of infants (64.5% vs. 70.1%) were identical. Parents' literacy level was negatively associated with ALRTI.
On multivariate logistic regression analysis, low socio-economic status (OR 4.89, 95%CI 1.93-12.36), upper respiratory infections in family members (OR 5.32, 95%CI 2.11-13.45), inappropriate weaning period (OR 3.01, 95%CI 1.12-8.07), malnutrition (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.84-3.67),
pallor (OR 7.18, 95%CI 2.08-24.82) and cooking fuel other than liquid petroleum gas (OR 3.58, 95%CI 1.23-10.45) were found to be significant risk factors (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified various risk factors for ALRTI, some of which are modifiable
by effective community education and public health measures.
Organic acid treatment enhances the acidity and surface characteristics of montmorillonite clay by dealumination. Dealuminated and Al-clays were used for acetylation of glycerol with acetic acid. All ...clays used had comparable acidity but pore characteristics were different. Though glycerol conversions were similar but triacetin selectivity was different. Al-clay and acid treated clays showed poor and improved selectivity, respectively. This was attributed to increased pore volume around the acid sites, which facilitates the multiple acetylation of glycerol. The generated space around acid centers, termed as 'volume accessibility', helps glycerol to interact with acylium ions formed on the acid sites more effectively leading to formation of triacetin. Correlations were made between the changed characteristics of clays and triacetin yield. Among the different correlations, triacetin selectivity correlates well with the volume accessibility. The latter is quite useful in predicting the catalytic performance.
Generated space around acid centers by dealumination termed as 'volume accessibility' which helps glycerol to interact with acylium ions formed on the acid sites more effectively leading to the product triacetin.
Forest aboveground biomass (AGB), an essential climate variable, is a major priority for the delivery of usable products from multi-sensor remote sensing data. Recent AGB global products such as ...ESA-CCI and GlobBiomass could provide critical inputs for carbon sequestration, emission and climate change studies. While these have been developed and tested with global field datasets, very little use of Indian field measurements and validation with Indian observations has been reported. In this study, a database of field measurements was created, of 1 ha (135 plots), clustered plots of 0.1 ha (101 plots) and 582 plot AGB of 0.1–0.04 ha from the published literature and used for validating ESA-CCI 2018 & 2010 and Santoro-2010 (Santoro et al., Earth System Science Data 13:3927–3950, 2021) datasets. Validation of mean AGB for larger areas such as regional and national estimates was carried out with field-based national forest inventory results of Forest Survey of India (FSI), which indicated an RMSE of 13.47 Mg/ha at zone level and a bias of 48.82 Mg/ha for AGB density and 983.96 Mt in AGB pool at national level. The plot-level comparison at 1 ha plots had RMSE of 215 Mg/ha. However, data from smaller plots did not show any correlation with the AGB product. In general, all products exhibited saturation and were unable to capture AGB of plots above 250 Mg/ha. The large area mean AGB was underestimated when compared with national forest inventory results. Expanding the Indian datasets for use in the development and validation of AGB models, updating the global datasets with Indian observations through new data integration approaches is suggested.
Aim
To describe a randomized controlled trial protocol designed to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health based Preterm Home Care Program (mHealthPHCP) known as “NeoRaksha” mobile health ...application in improving parent‐infant‐interaction, growth and development of preterms.
Design
A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. The protocol is approved and funded by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India on 2 August 2016.
Methods
A total of 300 preterm‐mother dyads admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital will be recruited and randomized to intervention and control group. The intervention group would receive mobile health based Preterm Home Care Program and the control group would receive standard preterm care. Intervention group will be followed up at home by community health workers known as Accredited Social Health Activist who will be trained in using the NeoRaksha mobile health application. Preterms outcomes will be assessed during follow‐up at hospital.
Discussion
Supporting continuity of preterm care is vital as parents and preterms experience transition from Neonatal Intensive Care unit to their home. Empowering mothers and community health workers by integrating mobile technology into health care can help promote healthy preterms, enhance development outcomes and follow‐up, which in turn can reduce the mortalities, morbidities, and disabilities associated with prematurity.
Impact
The results of this study could open up new horizons in integrating hospital and home based preterm care through technology, which paves way to scale up the model across the countries.
目的
为了评估基于手机健康的早产儿家庭护理计划( mHealthPHCP )的被称为“NeoRaksha”的手机健康应用在改善亲子互动、早产儿生长发育方面的有效性,将描述一项随机对照试验方案。
设计
前瞻性随机对照临床试验。该方案于2016年8月2日获得印度政府生物技术部的批准和资助。
方法
总共将招募300对在三级护理医院新生儿重症监护病房住院的早产儿母亲及其孩子,并随机分配为干预组和对照组。干预组将接受基于手机健康的早产儿家庭护理计划,而对照组将接受标准的早产儿护理。干预小组将在家中由被称为公认的社会健康积极分子的社区健康工作者跟进,这些工作者将接受使用NeoRaksha手机医疗应用的培训。在医院随访期间将评估早产儿的效果。
讨论
支持早产儿护理的连续性是至关重要的,因为父母和早产儿都经历了从新生儿重症监护室过渡到他们家的时期。通过将手机技术融入医疗保健,可以增强母亲和社区健康工作者的能力,也有助于促进早产儿的健康,促进发展的效果和后续行动,进而减少与早产相关的死亡率、发病率和残疾率。
影响
这项研究的结果可以为通过技术整合医院和家庭早产儿护理开辟新的视野,这为在各国推广这一模式铺平了道路。
Use of space-based spectral information with weather inputs for wheat yield modeling by empirical and crop simulation models is reviewed and extended with enhanced spectral modeling approach for ...districts in central Punjab. The study uses multi-date and multi-year MODIS data at 250m resolution to both identify wheat crop and develop temporal spectral Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) profile for 2001-2019 period. Recently developed high resolution (12km) gridded temperature data from NCMRWF, namely India Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) has been used for computing district-level average of daily (AV) and night-time (NT) temperatures. Multiple linear regression analysis with statistical tests on significance of coefficients for various inputs is used to investigate significance of various input parameters in yield models on multi-district data set. Results identify both area under spectral profile (AS-EVI) and mean peak value (PK-EVI) have significant control on yield. Individual district-level trend based yield (YT) is a significant coefficient in the multi-district models. Model performance is significantly improved by the inclusion of phase-specific temperatures and at specific post-flowering phases the night temperature figured in best models. Significance of the results in development of spatially resolved yields for applications like yield forecast, crop insurance and climate change studies is discussed.
Biogenesis of the photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco, a complex of eight large (RbcL) and eight small (RbcS) subunits, requires assembly chaperones. Here we analyzed the role of Rubisco accumulation ...factor1 (Raf1), a dimer of ∼40-kDa subunits. We find that Raf1 from Synechococcus elongatus acts downstream of chaperonin-assisted RbcL folding by stabilizing RbcL antiparallel dimers for assembly into RbcL8 complexes with four Raf1 dimers bound. Raf1 displacement by RbcS results in holoenzyme formation. Crystal structures show that Raf1 from Arabidopsis thaliana consists of a β-sheet dimerization domain and a flexibly linked α-helical domain. Chemical cross-linking and EM reconstruction indicate that the β-domains bind along the equator of each RbcL2 unit, and the α-helical domains embrace the top and bottom edges of RbcL2. Raf1 fulfills a role similar to that of the assembly chaperone RbcX, thus suggesting that functionally redundant factors ensure efficient Rubisco biogenesis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Multilocus disease-causing genomic variations (MGVs) and multiple genetic diagnoses (MGDs) are increasingly being recognised in individuals and families with Mendelian disorders. This can be mainly ...attributed to the widespread use of genomic tests for the evaluation of these disorders. We conducted a retrospective study of families evaluated over the last 6 years at our centre to identify families with MGVs and MGDs. MGVs were observed in fourteen families. We observed five different consequences: (i) individuals with MGVs presenting as blended phenotypes (ii) individuals with MGVs presenting with distinct phenotypes (iii) individuals with MGVs with age-dependent penetrance (iv) individuals with MGVs with one phenotype obscured by another more predominant phenotype (v) two distinct phenotypes in different individuals in families with MGVs. Consanguinity was present in eight (8/14, 57.1%) of them. Thirteen families had two Mendelian disorders and one had three Mendelian disorders. The risk of recurrence of one or more conditions in these families ranged from 25% to 75%. Our findings underline the importance of the role of a clinical geneticist in systematic phenotyping, challenges in genetic counselling and risk estimation in families with MGVs and MGDs, especially in highly inbred populations.
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