This article presents a microstrip-fed octagonal shaped monopole antenna with dual band notched characteristics for UWB applications. Partial ground plane has been employed in the geometry of ...proposed antenna to improve the VSWR bandwidth over the entire range of UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz). Initially, the proposed antenna exhibits the VSWR bandwidth of 9.06 GHz (121.28%) with a frequency range of 2.94–12.0 GHz and after introducing C-shaped slot and complementary split ring resonator on the geometry of octagonal shaped radiating patch, dual band notched function has been acquired at Wi-MAX (3.5 GHz) and upper WLAN (5.8 GHz) frequency bands. The overall dimensions of proposed UWB antenna are 30 mm × 30 mm. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS V13 simulator, its fabricated prototype is also tested to validate the simulated results with experimental ones. Both the results are in reasonable agreement with each other. An experimental result also reveals that the proposed antenna depicts nearly omni-directional pattern like dipole antenna.
Reduced lightweight microstrip patch antennas have attracted considerable attention in ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications. In this article, a novel modified circular ultra‐wideband monopole antenna ...with dual‐band notch characteristics is proposed. A circular split‐ring slot and a mushroom‐electromagnetic bandgap‐type structure are employed to realize the dual‐band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna exhibits the bandwidth of 2.0‐12 GHz with a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio <2 except at the WiMAX band of 3.2‐3.7 GHz and wireless local area network band of 5.1‐5.8 GHz. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna, along with the design parameters, are reported and discussed in detail. The results show that the antenna is suitable for UWB applications.
In this article, a novel modified circular ultra‐wideband monopole antenna with dual‐band notch characteristics is proposed. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna, along with the design parameters, are reported and discussed in detail. The results show that the antenna is suitable for UWB applications.
Purpose
To study the impact of prophylactic intracameral (IC) moxifloxacin on the incidence, clinical profile and outcomes in eyes developing post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis (PCE).
Methods
This ...was a single-centre, retrospective, comparative, observational study in which all eyes with PCE between June 2013 and May 2014 without IC moxifloxacin prophylaxis (group A) and June 2015–May 2016 with IC moxifloxacin prophylaxis (group B) were analysed.
Results
A total of 101,815 cataract surgeries were performed in group A and 112,967 in group B. PCE was diagnosed in 179 eyes (0.18%) in group A and 92 eyes (0.08%) in group B (
p
< 0.001). Greater reduction in risk of PCE was seen in subsidised patients compared to private. The presenting and final visual acuity was significantly better in group B (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
Prophylactic IC moxifloxacin reduced the incidence of PCE with maximum benefit being observed for the subsidised patients and also helped achieve a significantly better visual acuity following the resolution of endophthalmitis.
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Flt3-TKI) have improved outcomes for patients with Flt3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but are limited by resistance and relapse, ...indicating persistence of leukemia stem cells (LSC). Here utilizing a Flt3-internal tandem duplication (Flt3-ITD) and Tet2-deleted AML genetic mouse model we determined that FLT3-ITD AML LSC were enriched within the primitive ST-HSC population. FLT3-ITD LSC showed increased expression of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4. CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells were increased in Flt3-ITD AML marrow. CXCL12 deletion from the microenvironment enhanced targeting of AML cells by Flt3-TKI plus chemotherapy treatment, including enhanced LSC targeting. Both treatment and CXCL12 deletion partially reduced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) signaling in AML cells and further reduction was seen after treatment in CXCL12 deleted mice. p38 inhibition reduced CXCL12-dependent and -independent maintenance of both murine and human Flt3-ITD AML LSC by MSC and enhanced their sensitivity to treatment. p38 inhibition in combination with chemotherapy plus TKI treatment leads to greater depletion of Flt3-ITD AML LSC compared with CXCL12 deletion. Our studies support roles for CXCL12 and p38 signaling in microenvironmental protection of AML LSC and provide a rationale for inhibiting p38 signaling to enhance Flt3-ITD AML targeting.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are very effective in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but primitive, quiescent leukemia stem cells persist as a barrier to the cure. We performed a ...comprehensive evaluation of metabolic adaptation to TKI treatment and its role in CML hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell persistence. Using a CML mouse model, we found that glycolysis, glutaminolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were initially inhibited by TKI treatment in CML-committed progenitors but were restored with continued treatment, reflecting both selection and metabolic reprogramming of specific subpopulations. TKI treatment selectively enriched primitive CML stem cells with reduced metabolic gene expression. Persistent CML stem cells also showed metabolic adaptation to TKI treatment through altered substrate use and mitochondrial respiration maintenance. Evaluation of transcription factors underlying these changes helped detect increased HIF-1 protein levels and activity in TKI-treated stem cells. Treatment with an HIF-1 inhibitor in combination with TKI treatment depleted murine and human CML stem cells. HIF-1 inhibition increased mitochondrial activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduced quiescence, increased cycling, and reduced the self-renewal and regenerating potential of dormant CML stem cells. We, therefore, identified the HIF-1-mediated inhibition of OXPHOS and ROS and maintenance of CML stem cell dormancy and repopulating potential as a key mechanism of CML stem cell adaptation to TKI treatment. Our results identify a key metabolic dependency in CML stem cells persisting after TKI treatment that can be targeted to enhance their elimination.
Objective
To assess the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of triple-drug dapagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin (DSM) compared with FDC of two-drug sitagliptin and metformin ...(SM), in Indian adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
A multicentric, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, Phase 3 study (CTRI/2021/10/037461) was conducted on 274 Indian adult patients with T2D. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either an FDC of triple-drug (
n
= 137) dapagliflozin propanediol 10 mg, sitagliptin phosphate 100 mg, and metformin hydrochloride 1000 mg extended-release (DSM) or FDC of two-drug (
n
= 137) sitagliptin phosphate 100 mg and metformin hydrochloride 1000 mg sustained-release (SM), for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in HbA1c, while the secondary endpoints were changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), body weight, and safety.
Results
Both DSM and SM FDCs reduced HbA1c significantly (-1.45% and -1.00%, respectively, both
p
< 0.0001), however, HbA1c lowering was superior with DSM (∆ -0.45%;
p
= 0.0005) compared to SM, at week 16. Similarly, both DSM and SM FDCs reduced FPG and PPG significantly, however, FPG (∆ -12.4 mg/dl;
p
= 0.003) and PPG reduction (∆ -18.45 mg/dl;
p
= 0.01) were significantly superior to DSM compared to SM, respectively. No significant reduction in body weight was observed between the two arms. Both FDCs were well tolerated.
Conclusion
FDC of DSM was superior to SM in reducing HbA1c, FPG, and PPG in Indian adults with T2D. Both triple and dual FDCs had optimal safety profiles.
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