The multi-trait reaction norm (MTRN) model was extended to beef cattle reared under tropical conditions with the following objectives: to compare multi-trait (MT) and MTRN models regarding the ...genetic parameters obtained; and to characterize G × E, the pattern of phenotypic expression, and the environmental sensitivity of animals for postweaning weight gain (PWG), scrotal circumference (SC), and annual average productivity of the cow (PRODAM). There was divergence in the estimates between the MT and MTRN models when the posterior probability intervals of additive genetic variances and heritability coefficients of PWG and PRODAM were analyzed. The MTRN model indicated an increase in heritability for PWG and PRODAM with improvement of the environmental conditions. For SC, heritability was practically the same, irrespective of the environmental conditions. The genetic correlations between the traits studied were low but varied over environments by the MTRN model. Considering genetic correlations obtained by the MTRN model for the same trait, lower estimates were obtained between extreme favorable and unfavorable environments. This finding suggest re-ranking of breeding values in different environments mainly for PWG and PRODAM. Thus, G × E is more important for PWG and PRODAM than for SC and should be included in the genetic evaluation of these traits. The traits PWG and PRODAM can be considered plastic traits, whereas SC is poorly plastic. The genetic trends in individual animal slopes indicate that the population is moving towards greater plasticity. This could be a matter of concern for breeders since greater plasticity seems to limit heritability and, consequently, the responses to selection.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o efeito da endogamia sobre a produção de leite e sua persistência durante a lactação, em bovinos Gir leiteiro, bem como determinar o impacto de se ...considerar ou não o efeito da endogamia na avaliação genética dessa característica. Utilizaram-se 89.490 registros de produção no dia do controle, de 11.675 vacas em primeira lactação. O coeficiente e o incremento de endogamia individuais e o número equivalente de gerações completas de cada indivíduo foram computados. A depressão por endogamia foi estimada pela inclusão do efeito do incremento individual de endogamia, em um modelo de regressão aleatória. As soluções para a depressão por endogamia, de acordo com a classe de incremento individual de endogamia e a quinzena da lactação, variaram entre -1,238 e -0,135 kg, o que indica a redução da produção de leite com o aumento da endogamia. Em níveis mais elevados, a endogamia reduziu a persistência da produção de leite. A inclusão do efeito da endogamia no modelo de avaliação genética não afetou as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e, praticamente, não alterou a predição dos valores genéticos e a classificação dos animais. Pode-se incluir o efeito da endogamia no modelo estatístico para a avaliação genética da característica produção de leite.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the effect of inbreeding on milk yield and its persistency during lactation, in Gyr dairy cattle, as well as to determine the impact of considering or not the effect of inbreeding on the genetic evaluation of this trait. Test-day records (89,490) for milk yield from 11,675 dairy cows at first lactation were used. The individual inbreeding coefficient, the individual increase of inbreeding, and the number of equivalent complete generations of each individual were computed. Inbreeding depression was estimated by including the effect of individual increase of inbreeding in a random regression model. The solutions for inbreeding depression, according to the class of individual increase of inbreeding and stage of lactation, ranged between -1.238 and -0.135 kg, which indicates a reduction of milk yield with the increase of inbreeding. At higher levels of inbreeding, the persistence of milk yield was reduced. The inclusion of the inbreeding effect in the genetic evaluation model did not affect the genetic parameter estimates, with practically no change of the predicted breeding values and rank of animals. The inbreeding effect can be included in the statistical model for the genetic evaluation of milk yield.
The implementation of fish breeding programs in Brazil has brought significant results in the productivity of tilapia. However, the insertion of native species with great potential (such as Tambaqui ...Colossoma macropomum) in these programs is still recent, and thus requires genetic information for monitoring and enabling their consolidation into the programs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the parental generation (G0) and two consecutive generations (G1 and G2) in the C. macropomum genetic improvement program, located in the municipality of Sorriso, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Ninety caudal fin samples were collected (30 samples per generation) for DNA extraction. The genetic study implemented seven microsatellite markers (Cm1A8, Cm1A11, Cm1D1, Cm1E3, Cm1F4, Cm1F5, and Cm1H8). A total of 17 alleles were amplified, with variations in the mean number between four to two alleles per locus. The size per locus ranged from 170 to 360 bp. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.126 (G0), -0.040 (G1), and 0.131 (G2). No null or exclusive alleles were found. The observed heterozygosity values for G1 and G2 demonstrated the preservation of genetic variability (0.453 and 0.409, respectively). In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the parental generation (G0) and the two progenies generations (G1 and G2) were adequate, which demonstrates that the genetic improvement program was conducted correctly; however, it is important to continue to evaluations the genetic diversity of the future progeny.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os fatores que afetam a altura da garupa em diferentes idades, em bovinos Nelore, e estimar a herdabilidade e as correlações genéticas entre esse caractere e ...as características reprodutivas e de crescimento. Os caracteres avaliados foram: altura da garupa à desmama, altura da garupa ao sobreano, peso à desmama, peso ao sobreano, perímetro escrotal e idade ao primeiro parto. Os fatores considerados foram: ano e mês de nascimento, rebanho, sexo, idade da vaca ao parto e idade do bezerro. Os componentes de variância e covariância foram estimados pela metodologia de máxima verossimilhança restrita, tendo-se utilizado um modelo animal. Todos os efeitos foram significativos para altura de garupa nas diferentes idades. As estimativas de herdabilidade quanto ao efeito genético direto indicaram que as características de crescimento e reprodutivas respondem à seleção, exceto a idade ao primeiro parto. As correlações genéticas entre as características de crescimento foram todas positivas e elevadas, de 0,42 a 0,90, o que indica que são determinadas em grande parte pelos mesmos conjuntos de genes de ação aditiva. Em razão das baixas magnitudes das estimativas de correlação genética (entre -0,14 e 0,16), a eficiência reprodutiva é pouco influenciada pela seleção quanto à altura de garupa.
Jewel tetra (
) is a freshwater fish found in several rivers and basins in South America. The present study is the first study to create a panel of microsatellite markers for detecting genetic ...diversity in
and evaluating the application of these markers in
. In total, 44 individuals were genotyped from the natural (WIL,
= 20) and stock in captivity (CAP,
= 24) population. Moreover, 19 microsatellite markers were obtained, of which only 8 loci presented a high degree polymorphism. In total, 45 alleles were detected, ranging from 126 bp (Hype2G2) to 420 bp (Hype2E2). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (
< 0.05) revealed significant difference in one locus in WIL (Hype1G4) and three loci in CAP (Hype1F4, Hype2C3, and Hype2G2). Null alleles (
< 0.05) were present in only one locus (Hype1G4). The WIL and CAP populations revealed high genetic diversity during F
analysis. The cross-amplification test for
revealed that only two loci (Hype2C3 and Hype2G2B) presented satisfactory transferability results. The developed microsatellite primers will be useful in studying the genetic diversity and population structure of
in wild populations and fish farms in the Brazilian and other South American basins.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para ocorrência da mastite clínica (MC) e para a produção de leite acumulada até 305 dias (PR305) e estudar as ...associações genéticas entre elas, usando informações de 11.738 lactações de 5.084 vacas de um rebanho da raça Holandesa, paridas entre 1995 a 2010. Os componentes de covariância foram obtidos por abordagem Bayesiana, sob modelo animal. As estimativas de herdabilidade para a PR305 e para a MC foram de 0,16 (0,02) e 0,11 (0,02), respectivamente, e as repetibilidades foram 0,34 (0,012) e 0,21 (0,02), para PR305 e MC, respectivamente. A correlação genética entre a PR305 e a MC foi negativa e de baixa magnitude (-0,21±0,13). As estimativas de herdabilidade para PR305 e MC indicam que estas características são influenciadas por fatores ambientais, entretanto há suficiente variabilidade genética para obtenção de ganhos através da seleção.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for the occurrence of clinical mastitis (MC) and milk production during lactation (PR305) and study the genetic associations between them, using information from 11,738 lactations of 5,084 Holstein herd cows, that calved from 1995 to 2010. The covariance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using the animal model. Heritability estimates for the PR305 and the MC were 0.16 (0.02) and 0.11 (0.02), respectively and repeatability were 0.34 (0.012) for PR305 and 0.21 (0.02) for MC. The genetic correlation between the PR305 and the MC was negative and of low magnitude (-0.21±0.13). Heritability estimates for PR305 and MC indicate that these characteristics are influenced by environmental factors, however there is enough genetic variability to obtain gains through selection.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for the occurrence of clinical mastitis (MC) and milk production during lactation (PR305) and study the genetic ...associations between them, using information from 11,738 lactations of 5,084 Holstein herd cows, that calved from 1995 to 2010. The covariance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using the animal model. Heritability estimates for the PR305 and the MC were 0.16 (0.02) and 0.11 (0.02), respectively and repeatability were 0.34 (0.012) for PR305 and 0.21 (0.02) for MC. The genetic correlation between the PR305 and the MC was negative and of low magnitude (-0.21 + or - 0.13). Heritability estimates for PR305 and MC indicate that these characteristics are influenced by environmental factors, however there is enough genetic variability to obtain gains through selection. Key words: bayesian inference, genetic correlation, heritability. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parametros geneticos e fenotipicos para ocorrencia da mastite clinica (MC) e para a producao de leite acumulada ate 305 dias (PR305) e estudar as associacoes geneticas entre elas, usando informacoes de H.738 lactacoes de 5.084 vacas de um rebanho da raca Holandesa, paridas entre 1995 a 2010. Os componentes de covariancia foram obtidos por abordagem Bayesiana, sob modelo animal. As estimativas de herdabilidade para a PR305 e para a MC foram de 0,16 (0,02) e 0,11 (0,02), respectivamente, e as repetibilidadesforam 0,34 (0,012) e 0,21 (0,02), para PR305 e MC, respectivamente. A correlacao genetica entre a PR305 e a MC foi negativa e de baixa magnitude (-0,21 + or - 0,13). As estimativas de herdabilidade para PR305 e MC indicam que estas caracteristicas sao influenciadas por fatores ambientais, entretanto ha suficiente variabilidade genetica para obtencao de ganhos atraves da selecao. Palavras-chave: correlacao genetica, herdabilidade, inferencia bayesiana.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for the occurrence of clinical mastitis (MC) and milk production during lactation (PR305) and study the genetic ...associations between them, using information from 11,738 lactations of 5,084 Holstein herd cows, that calved from 1995 to 2010. The covariance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using the animal model. Heritability estimates for the PR305 and the MC were 0.16 (0.02) and 0.11 (0.02), respectively and repeatability were 0.34 (0.012) for PR305 and 0.21 (0.02) for MC. The genetic correlation between the PR305 and the MC was negative and of low magnitude (-0.21 + or - 0.13). Heritability estimates for PR305 and MC indicate that these characteristics are influenced by environmental factors, however there is enough genetic variability to obtain gains through selection.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield, stayability, and the occurrence of clinical mastitis in Holstein cows, as well as studying the genetic relationship ...between them, in order to provide subsidies for the genetic evaluation of these traits. Records from 5,090 Holstein cows with calving varying from 1991 to 2010, were used in the analysis. Two standard multivariate analyses were carried out, one containing the trait of accumulated 305-day milk yields in the first lactation (MY1), stayability (STAY) until the third lactation, and clinical mastitis (CM), as well as the other traits, considering accumulated 305-day milk yields (Y305), STAY, and CM, including the first three lactations as repeated measures for Y305 and CM. The covariance components were obtained by a Bayesian approach. The heritability estimates obtained by multivariate analysis with MY1 were 0.19, 0.28, and 0.13 for MY1, STAY, and CM, respectively, whereas using the multivariate analysis with the Y305, the estimates were 0.19, 0.31, and 0.14, respectively. The genetic correlations between MY1 and STAY, MY1 and CM, and STAY and CM, respectively, were 0.38, 0.12, and −0.49. The genetic correlations between Y305 and STAY, Y305 and CM, and STAY and CM, respectively, were 0.66, −0.25, and −0.52.
The aim of this study was to explore the pattern of genetic lactation curves of Guzera cattle using cluster analysis. Test-day milk yields of 5,274 first-lactation Guzera cows were recorded in a ...progeny test. A total of34,193 monthly records were analyzed with a random regression animal model using Legendre polynomials to fit additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects and mean trends. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses were performed based on the EBVs for monthly test-day milk yield, peak yield, lactation persistency, and partial cumulative and 305-day yields. The heritability estimates for testday milk yields ranged from 0.24 to 0.52. Cluster analysis identified animals in the population that belong to different groups according to milk production level and lactation persistency. Key words: breeding values, lactation curve, random regression. Objetivou-se neste estudo explorar o padrao das curvas de lactacao geneticas de bovinos da raga Guzera, empregando analises de agrupamento. Os 34.193 registros mensais deproducao de leite foram provenientes de 5.274 vacas da raga Guzera, participantes do teste de progenie. As analises foram realizadas com um modelo de regressao aleatoria com polinomios de Legendre, composto pelos efeitos aleatorios genetico aditivo, de ambiente permanente e o residual, e a curva media de lactacao da populacao. Analise de agrupamento hierarquico e nao hierarquico foram realizados com base nos VG para a producao acumulada ate os 305 dias, pico e persistencia da lactacao, e periodos parciais da lactacao. As estimativas de herdabilidade para producao de leite no dia do controle variaram entre 0,24 a 0,52. A analise de agrupamento identificou os animais da populacao que pertencem a diferentes grupos de acordo com o nivel de producao de leite e persistencia da lactacao. Palavras-chave: curva de lactacao, regressao aleatoria, valores geneticos.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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