The environment of a city is influenced by global and local climate changes, pollution load from transport, industry and local heat sources. Green spaces as part of the urban green infrastructure ...fulfil multiple ecosystem services and improve the environmental and residential quality of a city. The level of positive effects of green spaces depends on their area, distribution within the city and the proportion of trees. The aim of the paper was to evaluate land cover structure in a selected segment of the housing estate Klokočina in Nitra, Slovakia. The evaluation focused on the share of biologically active and inactive surfaces, as well as the parameters of woody plant structure in green spaces. Green areas account for 58.70%, while built-up areas, parking lots and roads cover in total 41.30%. Biologically inactive anthropogenic horizontal and of building envelope areas represent 67.30%. Biologically active green areas represent 32.70%. The share of areas with tree crown overlap on horizontal areas is 20.82%, other areas are paved surfaces or grassland. We calculated the indices of the quality of green spaces from the individual categories of areas: proportional green area index (PGAI), effective green area index (EGAI) and tree shade index (TSI). The tree species composition consists of 36 deciduous and 11 coniferous tree species, and 20 shrub species. We evaluated the biometric traits of trees as the tree height, crown width, stem girth and tree vitality class (TVC). The correlations between tree traits were statistically tested with a significant result. In the group of biologically active areas of greenery, we propose to increase the proportion of trees, to establish more natural lawns and xerophyte flower beds. In the category of inactive areas, we propose the reconstruction of parking lots to grass paved surfaces.
The high concentration of inhabitants and economic activities in urban areas are increasing pressure on the green elements in cities and suburban zones, and these are now under pressure to retain ...their original functions and benefits for society. While urban development helps society meet its demands for a higher living standard, citizen life quality is decreasing because of the loss of natural green areas. In addition, societal development already highlights the future trends which must be addressed in planning and managing urban growth. Recreation and leisure-time are most important for healthy human life, but these needs must be incorporated and satisfied within the green areas of the cities and suburbs. This paper therefore provides a basic overview of the best ways to design and create successful zones for everyday recreation for the city inhabitants – especially concentrating on activities in public parks and our open green areas.
The Paper presents analyses of the strategies and projects that have been implemented and realised in landscape architecture, environmental protection, and sustainable design in the chosen cities in ...Poland and Slovakia. There are several levels of evaluation: the first one is policy approach (which includes strategic documents, conceptions, plans which have been elaborated), the second one is the level of landscape design and sustainability (including architectural competitions and project realisation) and the third one is public participation (involvement of the public in urban planning, bottom-up initiatives, support of the communities). Ten cities in Poland and ten cities in Slovakia have been chosen. (The Paper brings an overview what are the current topics, with a great emphasis on what are the trends in landscape architecture and what are the obstacles, which need to be overcome.
The aim of the study was to summarize the use of synanthropic vegetation in public green areas of selected Polish cities. The study included issues related to phytosociology and landscape ...architecture. For this purpose, a literature study was performed. Part 1 identified possible ways of using synanthropic vegetation in the design of public green areas, Part 2 showed examples of such areas from Warsaw. The authors suggested species that can help enrich urban lawns, part 3 contains proposition of plant species composition for more natural lawns in city parks, including synanthropic plants typical for Poland (prepared by the authors). The process of gradual introduction of synanthropic vegetation in Poland was summarized and compared to the trends in Western European countries. The urban policy of Warsaw regarding the mowing of lawns and the use of flower meadows was briefly described, which influences the presence of synanthropic species in the urban environment. A watershed moment for the use of synanthropic species in Poland was identified, as well as the authors‘ predictions for their future use.
Abstract
The sacral objects have great meaning in the cultural landscape in Slovakia. There are several types according to the significance, size and location, which could be identified in the ...countries, where the major religion is Christianity. The paper deals with the assessment of the sacral objects from architectural and urban point of view and also according to the presence of greenery accompanying the object. The surveyed area was the Senica region, located in the western part of Slovakia. The hidden symbolism and meaning of these objects could be find in their formation and precise placement. The greenery, which was planted by them – the type and number – has also significant meaning. The group of trees draws attention to a small sacral object, which could be noticed from distance, they protect it and support it. There are descriptions and explanations in stories and memories. Obviously, in the past, these objects did not have only symbolic meaning, but also a concrete spiritual significance for society. The field survey was carried out in 2017. Several criteria were evaluated: the location of the objects, the architectural background and the trees inventory.
Allotment gardens have played a significant role in Czech and Slovak society for decades, building upon a rich history of gardening. This article elaborates on Czech and Slovak allotments in the ...European context and identifies their core functions, services, and benefits. We provide a thorough historical review of allotments in this region, reaching back to the eighteenth century to trace significant periods and historic events that shaped society in general and urban gardening in particular. We analyze the development of allotments until and after 1989 and illustrate key aspects of their present situation using case studies and examples. The article provides a complex historical narrative as a good basis for discussions on contemporary trends, challenges, and visions for the future of urban allotment gardening in both countries.
Recreation is an important social, health and cultural phenomenon, but it is also a reflection of lifestyle and the result of long-term societal development. The development processes inherit the ...traditions and habits which now form part of the life of the nation; the family, friendly relationships, group interests and interpersonal communications. The social activities include trips to nature, camping, collecting natural elements and mushrooms, and also the social communication with specialised knowledge of the recreational areas and their past cultural history and way of life. There are also the accompanying folk festivals with local food, wine, music and skill competitions; and a further important contemporary part of modern recreation is performance of sports activities at an amateur level. The social aspects of recreation create the demand category, and the natural and technical background constitutes the supply category. This background for recreational activities comprises a wide range of natural circumstances and anthropogenic artefacts created by the development of social systems and formations, and it therefore establishes the recreational potential of the landscape at different quality levels and determines the recreational value of the landscape.
The woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree ...species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia:
L.,
(Mill.) Swingle, and
L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species
L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree
×
had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were
L.,
L.,
L.,
L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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