This paper documents the sixteenth data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the ...southern hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).
We have used polymorphic chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) to analyse levels of diversity and relationships within the genusZea. Between two and nine alleles were found at 15 polymorphic ...loci and combining the data from these loci gave 32 haplotypes in the 37 accessions studied. Genetic differentiation between the two sections within the genus was calculated using theρST statistic which showed that ∼70% of the total variation was found to exist between the sections. A phylogenetic analysis based on theδμ2 distance metric showed a large split between the two sections and suggested multiple origins of modern cultivated maizeZea mays subsp.mays. The agreement of the phylogenetic tree with other molecular, morphological and karyological studies suggests that cpSSRs may have value in phylogenetic studies in plants.
Primary caregivers should be aware of recent progress in the genetics of Alzheimer disease (AD) and of the clinical and ethical considerations raised regarding the introduction of genetic testing for ...purposes of disease prediction and susceptibility (risk) analysis in asymptomatic individuals and diagnosis in patients who present clinically with dementia. This statement addresses arguments for and against clinical genetic testing.
The 20 participants were selected by the investigators (S.G.P., T.H.M., A.B.Z., and P.J.W.) to achieve balance in the areas of genetics, counseling, ethics, and public policy, and to include leadership from related consensus projects. The consensus group met twice in closed meetings and carried on extensive correspondence over 2 years (1995-1997). The project was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
All 4 involved chromosomes were discussed in group meetings against a background of information from several focus group sessions with AD-affected families. The focus groups comprised volunteers identified by the Cleveland Area Chapter of the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association and represented a variety of ethnic populations.
The first draft was written in April 1996 by the principal investigator (S.G.P.) after the consensus group had met twice. The draft was mailed to all consensus group members 3 times over 6 months for extensive response and redrafting by the principal investigator until all members were satisfied.
Except for autosomal dominant early-onset families, genetic testing in asymptomatic individuals is unwarranted. Use of APOE genetic testing as a diagnostic adjunct in patients already presenting with dementia may prove useful but it remains under investigation. The premature introduction of genetic testing and possible adverse consequences are to be avoided.
Laser treatment of retinal angiomatosis LANE, C. M; TURNER, G; GREGOR, Z. J ...
Eye (London),
01/1989, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We have treated 26 retinal angiomas of less than 4.5 mm in size in 15 eyes using repeated applications of contiguous argon blue green laser burns. All except one of the angiomas regressed without a ...massive exudative response of treatment. Haemorrhage occurred in two cases but only affected the visual outcome in one eye. Traction retinal detachment persisted in 50% of the large angiomas, despite regression of the tumour.
This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the ...Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2);new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).
Author summary: Why was this study done? Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an important risk factor for various birth complications and childhood overweight. It is not clear whether this increased ...risk is also present if mothers smoke during the first trimester only or reduce the number of cigarettes during pregnancy. The associations of paternal smoking with birth and childhood outcomes also remain unknown. What did the researchers do and find? We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis using data from 229,158 families from 28 pregnancy and birth cohorts from Europe and North America to assess the associations of parental smoking during pregnancy, specifically of quitting or reducing smoking and maternal and paternal smoking combined, with preterm birth, small size for gestational age, and childhood overweight. We observed that smoking in the first trimester only did not increase the risk of preterm birth and small size for gestational age but was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, as compared to nonsmoking. Reducing the number of cigarettes during pregnancy, without quitting, was still associated with higher risks of these adverse outcomes. Paternal smoking seems to be associated, independently of maternal smoking, with the risks of childhood overweight. What do these findings mean? Population strategies should focus on parental smoking prevention before or at the start of, rather than during, pregnancy. Future studies are needed to assess the specific associations of smoking in the preconception and childhood periods with offspring outcomes. Background: Fetal smoke exposure is a common and key avoidable risk factor for birth complications and seems to influence later risk of overweight. It is unclear whether this increased risk is also present if mothers smoke during the first trimester only or reduce the number of cigarettes during pregnancy, or when only fathers smoke. We aimed to assess the associations of parental smoking during pregnancy, specifically of quitting or reducing smoking and maternal and paternal smoking combined, with preterm birth, small size for gestational age, and childhood overweight. Methods and findings: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis among 229,158 families from 28 pregnancy/birth cohorts from Europe and North America. All 28 cohorts had information on maternal smoking, and 16 also had information on paternal smoking. In total, 22 cohorts were population-based, with birth years ranging from 1991 to 2015. The mothers' median age was 30.0 years, and most mothers were medium or highly educated. We used multilevel binary logistic regression models adjusted for maternal and paternal sociodemographic and lifestyle-related characteristics. Compared with nonsmoking mothers, maternal first trimester smoking only was not associated with adverse birth outcomes but was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight (odds ratio OR 1.17 95% CI 1.02-1.35,Pvalue = 0.030). Children from mothers who continued smoking during pregnancy had higher risks of preterm birth (OR 1.08 95% CI 1.02-1.15,Pvalue = 0.012), small size for gestational age (OR 2.15 95% CI 2.07-2.23,Pvalue < 0.001), and childhood overweight (OR 1.42 95% CI 1.35-1.48,Pvalue < 0.001). Mothers who reduced the number of cigarettes between the first and third trimester, without quitting, still had a higher risk of small size for gestational age. However, the corresponding risk estimates were smaller than for women who continued the same amount of cigarettes throughout pregnancy (OR 1.89 95% CI 1.52-2.34 instead of OR 2.20 95% CI 2.02-2.42 when reducing from 5-9 to <= 4 cigarettes/day;OR 2.79 95% CI 2.39-3.25 and OR 1.93 95% CI 1.46-2.57 instead of OR 2.95 95% CI 2.75-3.15 when reducing from >= 10 to 5-9 and <= 4 cigarettes/day, respectively Pvalues < 0.001). Reducing the number of cigarettes during pregnancy did not affect the risks of preterm birth and childhood overweight. Among nonsmoking mothers, paternal smoking was associated with childhood overweight (OR 1.21 95% CI 1.16-1.27,Pvalue < 0.001) but not with adverse birth outcomes. Limitations of this study include the self-report of parental smoking information and the possibility of residual confounding. As this study only included participants from Europe and North America, results need to be carefully interpreted regarding other populations. Conclusions: We observed that as compared to nonsmoking during pregnancy, quitting smoking in the first trimester is associated with the same risk of preterm birth and small size for gestational age, but with a higher risk of childhood overweight. Reducing the number of cigarettes, without quitting, has limited beneficial effects. Paternal smoking seems to be associated, independently of maternal smoking, with the risk of childhood overweight. Population strategies should focus on parental smoking prevention before or at the start, rather than during, pregnancy.
Forty families submitted to Genetic Analysis Workshop 8 are described. These are the families in the Seattle data set which have been typed for at least one genetic marker from the centromeric region ...of chromosome 21 or the q arm of chromosome 19. Thirteen of these families have average ages of onset below age 61 and are therefore considered to be early onset families. Seven of the families are of Volga German descent. Thirty-four of the families have autopsy documented Alzheimer's disease, including all 13 of the early onset pedigrees. The data set includes both the clinical and pedigree information available on the portions of the pedigrees used in the linkage analyses, genotype data on three loci on chromosome 19 and four loci on chromosome 21, and more extended family data on individuals who have not been included in the linkage analyses.
Describes a symposium on "Population Health Education" held at the University of California Davis on May 9-11, 2002. Its objectives were to assess the market needs and opportunities presented by the ...users of population medicine veterinarians, determine the degree to which veterinary colleges are producing professionals who meet these needs, identify programs that can prepare veterinarians for these challenges, and discuss an implementation strategy for such programs. (EV)
The Australian federal Parliament introduced civil penalties into company law in 1993 with the expectation of more effective enforcement of directors' duties. The regulation of directors' duties in ...Australia is primarily governed by the Corporations Law, which is administered and enforced by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.
The Australian federal Parliament introduced civil penalties into company law in 1993 with the expectation of more effective enforcement of directors' duties. The regulation of directors' duties in ...Australia is primarily governed by the Corporations Law, which is administered and enforced by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.
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