Background
Tension-type headache (TTH) has been ranked the second most prevalent health condition worldwide. Non-pharmacological treatments for TTH are widely used as a supplement or an alternative ...to medical treatment. However, the evidence for their effects are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the evidence for manual joint mobilisation techniques, supervised physical activity, psychological treatment, acupuncture and patient education as treatments for TTH on the effect of headache frequency and quality of life.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted from February to July 2020 for clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, and individual randomised controlled trials (RCT). The primary outcomes measured were days with headache and quality of life at the end of treatment along with a number of secondary outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed on eligible RCTs and pooled estimates of effects were calculated using the random-effect model. The overall certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach (GRADE). In addition, patient preferences were included in the evaluation.
Results
In all, 13 RCTs were included. Acupuncture might have positive effects on both primary outcomes. Supervised physical activity might have a positive effect on pain intensity at the end of treatment and headache frequency at follow-up. Manual joint mobilisation techniques might have a positive effect on headache frequency and quality of life at follow-up. Psychological treatment might have a positive effect on stress symptoms at the end of treatment. No relevant RCTs were identified for patient education. The overall certainty of evidence was downgraded to low and very low. No serious adverse events were reported. A consensus recommendation was made for patient education and weak recommendations for the other interventions.
Conclusion
Based on identified benefits, certainty of evidence, and patient preferences, manual joint mobilisation techniques, supervised physical activity, psychological treatment, acupuncture, and patient education can be considered as non-pharmacological treatment approaches for TTH. Some positive effects were shown on headache frequency, quality of life, pain intensity and stress symptoms. Few studies and low sample sizes posed a challenge in drawing solid conclusions. Therefore, high-quality RCTs are warranted.
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The main objective of this review is to answer the following research question: What are the effects of the ...FRIENDS preventive programme on anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents? Further, the review will attempt to answer if the effects differ between participant age groups, participant socio‐economic status, type of prevention (universal, selective or indicated), type of provider (lay or mental health provider), country of implementation (Australia or other countries) and implementation issues in relation to the booster sessions and parent sessions (implemented, partly implemented or not at all).
The aim was to conduct a meta-aggregation of qualitative studies on the interplay between playful learning, digital materials and physical activity in higher education. A literature search was ...performed across multiple databases and web pages up until May 2022. A critical appraisal following the JBI checklist for qualitative studies was conducted, and the GRADE-CERQual tool was used to evaluate confidence in the cumulative evidence. Three eligible studies were identified. We extracted 81 findings and 44 illustrations and synthesised them into six categories: (1) experience of playful approaches to learning; (2) interplay between play and learning; (3) experience with digital materials; (4) experience of collaboration; (5) experience with space significance; and (6) experience of getting a reward for participating in the activity. The synthesis showed that the benefits of interplay between playful learning, digital materials and physical activity in higher education were that students were motivated by gamified learning activities, including themes such as competitive spirits, receiving rewards, collaboration and creativity. Both students and educators experience that game-based learning strategies provide meaningful practice because they may facilitate the learning and retention of information by highlighting key information and breaking down information. The synthesis showed that the constraints of the interplay were time as a resource, frustration with using digital materials and that it challenges traditional learning strategies and learning spaces. Confidence in the evidence is low due to moderate concerns regarding methodological limitations and serious concerns regarding the adequacy of the data. Therefore, we highlight the need to expand the field both in practice and research.
Based on epidemiological and animal studies, the rationale for using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) seems promising. Here, the ...objective was to systematically identify and critically assess the evidence from clinical trials. The primary outcome was ADHD core symptoms. The secondary outcomes were behavioral difficulties, quality of life, and side effects. We performed a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library up to June 2020. The overall certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). We identified 31 relevant randomized controlled trials including 1755 patients. The results showed no effect on ADHD core symptoms rated by parents (k = 23; SMD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.32, -0.02) or teachers (k = 10; SMD: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.31, 0.19). There was no effect on behavioral difficulties, rated by parents (k = 7; SMD: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.17, 0.14) or teachers (k = 5; SMD: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.35, 0.26). There was no effect on quality of life (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.31). PUFA did not increase the occurrence of side effects. For now, there seems to be no benefit of PUFA in ADHD treatment; however, the certainty of evidence is questionable, and thus no conclusive guidance can be made. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO ID: CRD42020158453.
Hip precautions are routinely prescribed to patients with osteoarthritis to decrease dislocation rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a posterior approach. However, recommendations have ...been based on very low certainty of evidence. We updated the evidence on the influence of hip precautions on early recovery following THA by this systematic review.
We performed systematic searches for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized (NRS) studies in MEDLINE, Embase, PEDro, and CINAHL published from 2016 to July 2022. 2 reviewers independently included studies comparing postoperative precautions with minimal or no precautions, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Random effects meta-analyses were used to synthesize the results. The certainty of the evidence was rated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Evaluation approach. The critical outcome was the risk of hip dislocations within 3 months of surgery. Other outcomes were long-term risk of dislocation and reoperation, self-reported and performance-based assessment of function, quality of life, pain, and time to return to work.
4 RCTs and 5 NRSs, including 8,835 participants, were included. There may be no or negligible difference in early hip dislocations (RCTs: risk ratio RR 1.8, 95% confidence interval CI 0.6-5.2; NRS: RR 0.9, CI 0.3-2.5). Certainty in the evidence was low for RCTs and very low for NRSs. Finally, precautions may reduce the performance-based assessment of function slightly, but the evidence was very uncertain. For all other outcomes, no differences were found (moderate to very low certainty evidence).
The current evidence does not support routinely prescribing hip precautions post-surgically for patients undergoing THA to prevent hip dislocations. However, the results might change with high-quality studies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: provide an overview of the existing evidence base by identifying available systematic reviews and primary ...effectiveness studies, identify clusters of evidence suitable for a systematic review and identify gaps in evidence where primary research is needed.
•Patients in need of surgical treatment with a mid-urethral sling for SUI should be offered a TVT procedure to avoid procedure related groin pain.
To compare the efficacy, complications and ...re-operations after bottom-up tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and inside-out tension-free vaginal tape - obturator (TVT-O) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in adult women.
A systematic literature search and review was performed limited to randomized controlled trials. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Guideline International network (GIN), Trip Database and NICE (UK). The certainty in the estimates of the included outcomes was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) method.
We included 22 randomized controlled trials. The overall certainty in the evidence was moderate across all outcomes. TVT and TVT-O significantly improved the incontinence regarding number of incontinence episodes, subjective patient reported effect and incontinence related quality of life, and there was no difference between TVT and TVT-O. Leg or groin pain was significantly less common 6 months after TVT than TVT-O with RR 0.27 (CI 95 % 0.11 – 0.66), 9 studies, n = 1312. In absolute numbers 83 patients more developed chronic leg or groin pain per 1000 operations with TVT-O compared to TVT. We found no statistically significant differences between chronic pelvic or lower abdominal pain 6 months after TVT and TVT-O. Bladder perforations were significantly more common after TVT with RR 4.53 (CI 95 % 2.32–8.86), 21 studies, n = 3308. In absolute numbers this meant 5 more bladder perforations after TVT per 1000 operations. No statistically significant differences were noted in de novo urgency, re-operations, infection, hematoma, pain during sexual intercourse or sexual function.
Bottom-up TVT and inside-out TVT-O showed equal efficacy, but leg and groin pain were much more common with TVT-O. The authors would recommend TVT instead of TVT-O as first line operation in patients who need surgery for SUI.
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer can have several debilitating side effects. Supervised exercise is recommended to ameliorate these negative effects.
To ...systematically evaluate the effect of supervised exercise therapy compared to no exercise therapy in patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT, primarily according to the patient critical outcomes, 'disease-specific quality of life' and 'walking performance' measured at end of treatment.
We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl and Pedro, to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which investigated the effect of supervised exercise therapy compared to no exercise therapy in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT, last search: June 2021. Two independent reviewers extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE-method.
Eigthteen RCTs (n = 1477) comprised patients with prostate cancer stages T1-T4 were included in the meta-analyses. Compared to no exercise therapy, supervised exercise therapy showed clinically relevant improvements in 'disease-specific quality of life' and 'walking performance'. The standardised mean differences were 0.43 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29, 0.58) and -0.41 (95% CI: -0.60, -0.22), respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate due to serious risk of bias.
Evidence of moderate quality shows that supervised exercise therapy probably is superior to no exercise therapy in improving 'disease-specific quality of life' and 'walking performance' in patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT. The results apply to all patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy regardless of cancer stage. The results support a strong recommendation for supervised exercise therapy for managing side effects in this population.
NKR-38-Focused-questions-PICOs-for-updating1.ashx (sst.dk).
Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been debated for 20 years. In our systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we addressed the ...following: Should patients with COPD and a blood eosinophil count (EOS) of, respectively, a) < 150 cells/μl, b) 150–300 cells/μl, and c) > 300 cells/μl continue treatment with ICS? Protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020178110) and funded by the Danish Health Authority.
We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Central on 22nd July 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of ICS treatment in patients with COPD (≥40 years, no current asthma), which analyzed outcomes by EOS count and where >50% of patients used ICS prior. We used the GRADE method. Meta-analyzes for the outcomes were divided into EOS subgroups and analyzed for differences.
We identified 11 RCTs with a total of 29,654 patients. A significant difference (p < 0.00001) between the three subgroups’ reduction of risk of moderate to severe exacerbation was found. Rate ratios for EOS counts: <150 cells/μL was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.83, 0.94); 150–300 cells/μL was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.69, 0.94); >300 cells/μL was 0.57 (95%CI: 0.49, 0.66). Overall, the certainty of the effect estimates was low to very low due to risk of bias, unexplained heterogeneity, few RCTs, and wide confidence intervals.
A clear correlation was demonstrated between effect of continued ICS treatment (number of exacerbations, lung function, and quality of life) and increasing EOS count. Our meta-analyses suggested that treatment with ICS seemed beneficial for everyone except patients with EOS count below 150 cells/μl.
•In COPD patients exists a correlation between effect of ICS and eosinophil.•ICS might not be beneficial for COPD patients with eosinophil count <150 cells/μl.•Exacerbation risk increased in patients with high eosinophil count when stopping ICS.
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