This paper presents a brief history of Yugoslav psychology and a review of the current state of psychological research and practice in the former Yugoslav countries. Bibliometric mapping was used to ...explore the knowledge domain and international visibility of psychological research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Judging by the number of papers visible in Scopus, psychological research activity in these countries is similar to the other former communist countries. In a relative sense, it is even higher in Slovenia and Croatia. However, psychologists still rely heavily on national journals indexed in Scopus when publishing their papers. Regarding psychological practice, former Yugoslav countries are facing challenges that are more or less typical for all small countries in the global scientific and economic market. Keeping in mind all the obstacles and traumas in the past decades, it should be considered a success that psychology in the former Yugoslav countries is now a fully established profession and a recognized scientific discipline.
The paper presents seven consecutive public opinion polls in Serbia (in the period 2000–2011) on the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and its “partiality“ towards ...Serbs. The author connected changes in attitudes of citizens during the observed years with the public statements of the “national leaders“ about the Tribunal, as well as with the presentation of the facts of Serbian war crimes in Serbian media. Even though the observed correlation could not be interpreted in the terms of causal relation, the author pointed out to the importance of creators of the public opinion, and offered a possibility that the leading politicians and media in Serbia were not reactive to the attitudes of citizens (as they claimed) but vice versa – they created the public opinion of citizens by their statements or by presentation of the facts about Serbian war crimes.
The study sought to examine the possible indirect trauma indica-tors among refugee children’s drawings. We have analyzed draw-ings of refugee children and non-refugee children as controls (5 - 9 ...years old). The content and Pickard’s expressive strategies for mood depiction were analyzed on 464 drawings. The content analysis revealed different content-specific categories across groups, with the category of Violence/War appearing significantly more in the drawings of the refugee group. and being used as one of the trauma indicators. The analysis revealed that negative mood was depicted by more complex and detailed drawings in both groups. An expressive strategy, namely the literal strategy, appeared to be specific to the refugee group only (e.g., absence of facial characteristics), while different patterns of non-literal ex-pressive strategies were observed in conveying mood between the two groups. Our findings suggest that the drawings can be used as a triage tool to assess the emotional status of refugee children.
The goal of this study was to establish whether the SSST, a Serbian language scrambled sentences instrument, is a reliable measure of depressive cognitive bias, and whether it captures the ...suppression tendency as participants exert the additional cognitive effort of memorizing a six-digit number while completing the task. The sample consisted of 1071 students, randomly assigned into two groups. They completed the SSST divided into two blocks of 28 sentences, together with additional cognitive task during either the first or second block, and after that a number of instruments to establish validity of the SSST. The test was shown to be a reliable instrument of depressive cognitive bias. As a measure of suppression the SSST performed partly as expected, only when load was applied in the second half of the test, and fatigue and cognitive effort enhanced suppression. The advantages of the test versus self-description measures were discussed.
The paper presents seven consecutive public opinion polls in Serbia (in the period 2000–2011) on the International Criminal Tri-bunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and its “partiality“ towards ...Serbs. The author connected changes in attitudes of citizens dur-ing the observed years with the public statements of the “national leaders“ about the Tribunal, as well as with the presentation of the facts of Serbian war crimes in Serbian media. Even though the observed correlation could not be interpreted in the terms of caus-al relation, the author pointed out to the importance of creators of the public opinion, and offered a possibility that the leading politi-cians and media in Serbia were not reactive to the attitudes of citizens (as they claimed) but vice versa – they created the public opinion of citizens by their statements or by presentation of the facts about Serbian war crimes.
Security‐ and safety‐critical cyber‐physical systems Mashkoor, Atif; Sametinger, Johannes; Biro, Miklós ...
Journal of software : evolution and process,
February 2020, 2020-02-00, 20200201, Letnik:
32, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most popular instruments for
measuring intensity and symptoms of depression in clinical and general
population. The instrument has been translated into ...many languages and
validated in many different cultures, but there is still no published paper
on psychometric characteristics and the norms for the BDI in Serbian
language. In this paper, we checked psychometric characteristics of the
BDI-II on 400 students of the University of Novi Sad, Serbia. Descriptive
statistics (M=8.02; SD=7.10), internal consistency (?=.87), and test-retest
reliability (.63) are satisfactory and similar to the results of other
validation studies. Convergent and divergent validity of the instrument are
also supported by moderate to high correlations with the measures of similar
phenomena (r=.70 with Depression Symptoms Scale) and by low correlations with
unrelated constructs (i.e., r=.19 with Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale).
However, the divergent validity is not supported by a high correlation with a
measure of anxiety (r=.70), similar finding is commonly obtained in other
validation studies. Our results suggest cut-off scores which are similar to
those suggested by Canadian authors (Kappa coefficient=.85). Two-factor
structure of the inventory is also in concordance with other authors.
Cognitive-Affective factor explains 29.27% of the variance and its structure
resembles those reported in other analyses. The second extracted factor
explains 7.76% of the variance and is saturated mostly with somatic items;
however, a significant contribution of some cognitive items has led us to
identify the factor as Exhaustion, specific to our student sample. The
two-factor solution is confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses once the
item related to sexual difficulties was eliminated. General conclusion is
that BDI-II has satisfactory psychometric characteristics and can reliably be
used with Serbian student population.
Bekova skala depresivnosti (BDI) je jedan od najpopularnijih instrumenata za
merenje intenziteta i simptoma depresivnosti u klinickoj i opstoj populaciji.
Mada prevedena na mnoge jezike i proverena na razlicitim kulturama, u Srbiji
nema objavljenih radova na temu psihometrijskih karakteristika skale, niti
postoje norme za bilo koju vrstu uzoraka. U ovom radu su na uzorku od 400
studenata Univerziteta u Novom Sadu proverene psihometrijske karakteristike
druge revizije ove skale (BDI-II). Deskriptivni pokazatelji (M=8.02;
SD=7.10), unutrasnja konzistentnost (?=.87) i test-retest pouzdanost (.63) su
zadovoljavajuci i slicni onima u drugim validacionim studijama. Konvergentna
i divergentna validnost instrumenta su takodje podrzani umerenim i visokim
korelacijama sa instrumentima koji mere slicne fenomene (r=.70 sa skalom
simptoma depresivnosti) i niskim i nepostojecim sa nepovezanim konstruktima
(r=.19 sa impulsivnim trazenjem senzacija). U korist divergentnoj valjanosti
ne ide visoka korelacija s merom anksioznosti (r=.70), iako je to rezultat
koji cesto dobijaju i drugi autori. Na osnovu nasih rezultata proizilaze
granicni skorovi koji razdvajaju nivoe disforicnosti na nacin koji je veoma
slican onom koji je za studentsku populaciju predlozen od strane kanadskih
autora (Kappa koeficijent=.85). Dvofaktorska struktura upitnika je najcesce
dobijana i potvrdjivana u literaturi, tako da nasi rezultati ni u tom smislu
nisu izuzetak. Kognitivno-afektivni faktor objasnjava oko 26% varijanse
odgovora i slicne je strukture sa istoimenim faktorom u inostranim
istrazivanjima. Drugi ekstrahovani faktor objasnjava 4.76% varijanse i slican
je somatskom, ali znacajne korelacije nekih kognitivnih ajtema sugerisu da bi
mogla biti u pitanju dimenzija iscrpljenosti, specificno vezana za studentski
uzorak. Konfirmativnom faktorskom analizom potvrdili smo dobijeno
dvofaktorsko resenje, ali uz odstranjivanje ajtema vezanog za seksualne
poteskoce. Generalni zakljucak je da BDI-II na uzorku srpskih studenata ima
zadovoljavajuce psihometrijske karakteristike slicne onima koje izvestavaju
americki, kao i autori iz drugih krajeva sveta.
PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179006: Nasledni, sredinski i psiholoski cinioci mentalnog zdravlja
Who are the victims of peer violence? Nedimovic, Tanja; Biro, Miklos
Zbornik Instituta za pedagoška istraživanja,
2013, Letnik:
45, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Peer violence is a very current problem in schools. There are plenty of
studies on the characteristics of perpetrators, while the characteristics of
victims have been explored much less frequently. ...This research was aimed at
determining the factors from the domain of upbringing and socio-demographic
characteristics of the victims that contribute to the exposure to peer
violence. The total sample comprised 504 primary school students. In order to
determine the effect of victimological factors, hierarchical regression
analysis was performed. The data obtained by the Questionnaire measuring the
manifestation forms and frequency of peer violence were processed by factor
analysis, which yielded the following three factors of exposure to peer
violence: direct, manipulative and social. Factor scores on these factors
were used as criterion variables. In the first step, the variable of gender
was entered into the regression, the second set included three
socio-demographic variables, and the third set of variables comprised
parental upbringing styles and violent behavior in the family. The cold
upbringing style of the mother was identified as an important predictor for
the exposure to direct peer violence; for the exposure to manipulative peer
violence - the cold upbringing attitude of the father and mother; and for the
exposure to social peer violence - gender (female) and the cold upbringing
attitude of the father. The results are discussed in the context of
pedagogical implications of the research, i.e. the guidelines for designing
prevention programmes in schools focused on enhancing parental educational
competences and students? social skills.
Vrsnjacko nasilje je veoma aktuelan problem u skolama. Dok o karakteristikama
nasilnika postoji obilje radova, karakteristike zrtve su mnogo redje
istrazivane. Cilj ovog istrazivanja bio je da utvrdi koji cinioci iz domena
vaspitanja i sociodemografskih karakteristika zrtve doprinose izlozenosti
vrsnjackom nasilju. Ukupan uzorak cinilo je 504 ucenika osnovnih skola. Da
bismo utvrdili uticaj viktimoloskih faktora, uradjena je hijerarhijska
regresiona analiza. Rezultati dobijeni Upitnikom pojavnih oblika i
ucestalosti vrsnjackog nasilja faktorizovani su i ekstrahovana su tri faktora
izlozenosti vrsnjackom nasilju, i to: direktno, manipulativno i socijalno.
Faktorski skorovi na ovim faktorima su korisceni kao kriterijumske varijable.
U prvom koraku u regresiju je ukljucena varijabla pola, drugi set cinile su
tri sociodemografske varijable, a treci set varijabli cinili su vaspitni
stavovi roditelja i nasilje u porodici. Kao bitan prediktor za izlozenost
direktnom vrsnjackom nasilju izdvojio se ogranicavajuci vaspitni stav majke;
za izlozenost manipulativnom vrsnjackom nasilju - hladan vaspitni stav oca i
majke; a za izlozenost socijalnom vrsnjackom nasilju - pol (zenski) i hladan
vaspitni stav oca. Rezultati su diskutovani u kontekstu pedagoskih
implikacija istrazivanja, odnosno mogucnosti izrade preventivnih programa u
skolama fokusiranih na unapredjivanje vaspitnih kompetencija roditelja i
socijalnih vestina ucenika.
Vršnjačko nasilje je veoma aktuelan problem u našim školama. Cilj ovog istaživanja je da utvrdi koji prediktori – faktori rizika iz domena vaspitanja i uslova odrastanja i u kojoj meri doprinose ...nastanku i ispoljavanju vršnjačkog nasilja u osnovnim školama. Ukupan uzorak činilo je 504 ispitanika, učenika osnovnih škola od trećeg do osmog razreda. U istraživanju su korišćeni sledeći instrumenti: Upitnik vaspitnih stavova, Upitnik za merenje pojavnih oblika i učestalosti vršnjačkog nasilja i Upitnik za učitelje (razredne starešine). Od varijabli obuhvaćenih ovim istraživanjem, kao bitni prediktori za ispoljavnje direktnog vršnjačkog nasilja (verbalno i fizičko) izdvojili su se pol (muški), nasilje u porodici i dominantno hladan vaspitni stav oca i majke, a za ispoljavanje indirektnog vršnjačkog nasilja (manipulativno i socijalno) izdvojili su se pol (muški), materijalno stanje u porodici i hladan vaspitni stav majke. Dobijeni rezultati mogu predstavljati značajne smernice za izradu preventivnih programa u našim školama sa ciljem uključivanja svih interesnih grupa (učenika, nastavnika, roditelja), kao i unapređivanja vaspitnih kompetencija roditelja.
U ovom istraživanju bavili smo se neuralnim korelatima efekata placebo i 'anti-placebo' poruka putem merenja moždanih talasa (ERP). Umjesto uobičajenog termina nocebo, koristili smo termin ...'anti-placebo', budući da poruke koje smo zadavali ispitanicima nisu trebale da proizvedu negativne efekte, već da umanje ili ponište efekat placeba. Primenili smo termalnu draž intenziteta 45 stepeni Celzijusa na kožu podlaktice. Ukupno je 29 studenata uzelo učešća u četiri eksperimentalne situacije: bez analgezije, nakon primene analgezije (korišćenjem EMLA kreme), nakon primene neutralne kreme koja je prezentovana kao analgetik (placebo situacija) i nakon primene EMLA kreme koja je prezentovana kao herbalna krema koja nije zvanično prihvaćena kao medikament ('anti-placebo' situacija). Neposredno nakon stimulacije, od ispitanika je zatraženo da procene nivo neprijatnosti na subjektivnoj skali osetljivosti 1–10, a nakon toga im je zadat kognitivni eksperiment, tokom koga su mereni ERP odgovori. Rezultati su pokazali tri glavna ERP efekta. U ranom efektu, sve tri eksperimentalne situacije koje su podrazumevale primenu anelgezije (tj. dve situacije sa farmako-anelgezijom + situacija sa placebo-aneglezijom) pokazale su različite profile ERP efekata u odnosu na situaciju u kojoj nije primenjena anelgezija. Ovaj rezultat smo interpretirali kao rano očekivanje da bilo koja vrsta anelgezije (uključujući placebo) treba da proizvede nekakav efekat, za razliku od situacije u kojoj nije bilo primene analgezije. Središnji ERP efekat je demonstrirao duže trajanje ERP efekata u situaciji sa 'anti-placebom' i u situaciji bez analgezije, dok su u situaciji sa primenom analgezije i u placebo situaciji ovi efekti bili mnogo kraći. Ovaj nas je rezultat naveo na zaključak da, na neuralnom planu, sugerisanje da je neki lek 'anti-placebo' proizvodi sličan profil ERP ili sličnu mentalnu aktivnost kao u situaciji bez leka. Ovaj rezultat poziva na preispitivanje preporuka lekara da neki lekovi nisu baš dobri, jer ovakve sugestije mogu potencijalno i nesvesno da umanje inače pozitivan efekat koji placebo ima tokom tretmana. Na kraju, u poznom efektu smo takođe uočili razlike između četiri eksperimentalne situacije, ali su ove razlike u vezi sa redosledom izlaganja eksperimentalnih situacija, te smo ih interpretirali kao artefakt eksperimentalnog dizajna.
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