Background
In recent years, it has been demonstrated that when the endothelial glycocalyx, composed of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, is altered or modified, this property is ...lost, playing a fundamental role in cardiovascular pathologies. Cardiovascular risk factors can destroy the endothelial glycocalyx layer. Exercise has a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors, but little is known about its direct effect on the integrity of the endothelial layer.
Methods
The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from their inception to June 30, 2022. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled effect size estimates and their respective 95% confidence intervals for the acute effect of exercise (within 24 h) on the endothelial glycocalyx and its components in healthy adults.
Results
Ten studies were included in the meta‐analysis, with a total of 252 healthy subjects. The types of exercise included were resistance training, interval training, resistance training and maximal incremental exercise, with a duration range of 30–60 min. Glycocalyx assessment times included ranged from 0 to 90 min post‐exercise. Our findings showed that endothelial glycocalyx increases after acute effect of exercise in healthy population (.56, 95% CI: .38, .74). The acute effect of exercise on endothelial glycocalyx components were .47 (95% CIs: .27, .67) for glycosaminoglycans, .67 (95% CIs: .08, 1.26) for proteoglycans and .61 (95% CIs: .35, .86) for glycoproteins.
Conclusions
In a healthy population, various types of exercise showed an acute improvement of the endothelial glycocalyx and its individual components.
Endothelial glycocalyx, comprising proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, influences vascular permeability. Currently it has been demonstrated that when the endothelial glycocalyx is altered, playing a fundamental role in cardiovascular pathologies. Our findings provide a synthesis of the evidence showing positive effects of acute exercise on the endothelial glycocalyx in a healthy population. These findings are of clinical importance, as strategies focused on improving endothelial function have recently emerged, as increasing evidence reveals the critical role of endothelial glycocalyx in cardiovascular pathologies.
Background
High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an alternative training method to increase brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, a crucial molecule involved in plastic ...brain changes. Its effect compared to moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) is controversial. We aimed to estimate, and to comparatively evaluate, the acute and chronic effects on peripheral BDNF levels after a HIIT, MICT intervention or a control condition in adults.
Methods
The CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to June 30, 2023. A network meta‐analysis was performed to assess the acute and chronic effects of HIIT versus control condition, HIIT versus MICT and MICT versus control condition on BDNF levels. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for RCTs using a random‐effects model.
Results
A total of 22 RCTs were selected for the systematic review, with 656 participants (aged 20.4–79 years, 34.0% females) and 20 were selected for the network meta‐analysis. Network SMD estimates were significant for HIIT versus control condition (1.49, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.38) and MICT versus control condition (1.08, 95% CI: 0.04, 2.12) for acutely BDNF increase. However, pairwise comparisons only resulted in a significant effect for HIIT versus control condition.
Conclusions
HIIT is the best training modality for acutely increasing peripheral BDNF levels in adults. HIIT may effectively increase BDNF levels in the long term.
Aim
To analyse, in schoolchildren, the relationship between daily steps with metabolic parameters; and to examine whether this association is mediated by cardiorespiratory‐fitness (CRF).
Methods
A ...cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from a feasibility trial was performed in children from two primary schools in Cuenca, Spain. Daily steps were measured using the Xiaomi MI Band 3. Lipid and glycaemic profiles were analysed from blood samples. CRF was assessed using the 20‐m shuttle run test. ANCOVA models were used to test the mean differences by daily steps quartiles. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether CRF mediates the association between daily steps and lipid and glycaemic parameters.
Results
A total of 159 schoolchildren (aged 9–12 years, 53% female) were included in the analysis. Schoolchildren in the highest daily steps quartiles (>10 000 steps) showed significantly lower triglycerides and insulin levels (p = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). This association did not remain after controlling for CRF. In mediation analyses, a significant indirect effect was observed through CRF in the relationship between daily steps with triglycerides and insulin.
Conclusion
Children who daily accumulate more than 10 000 steps have better lipid and metabolic profile, and CRF mediated their relationship in schoolchildren.
(1) Background: Previous evidence has indicated a connection between a Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence for subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease, such as ...arterial stiffness, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), as assessed by the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, and arterial stiffness, as assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity, in healthy adults and according to sex. (2) A cross-sectional study including 386 healthy participants was performed in the EVasCu study. Adjusted and unadjusted differences in adherence to the MD and arterial stiffness were determined using Student’s t test and ANCOVA for the total sample and according to sex. (3) Results: Our results showed that individuals with a high adherence to the MD had a greater arterial stiffness, both in the total sample and in females, although this difference was not significant after adjusting for possible confounding variables, such as age. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that, in the unadjusted analyses, healthy subjects with a high adherence to the MD showed a greater arterial stiffness. When these analyses were adjusted, no significant differences were shown in a-PWv according to the categories of MD adherence.
Abstract
Background
The concept of early vascular aging (EVA) represents a potentially beneficial model for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the early manifestations ...of cardiovascular disease. For this reason, the aims of this study were to verify by confirmatory factor analysis the concept of EVA on a single factor based on vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters in a healthy adult population and to develop a statistical model to estimate the EVA index from variables collected in a dataset to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: healthy vascular aging (HVA) and EVA.
Methods
The EVasCu study, a cross-sectional study, was based on data obtained from 390 healthy adults. To examine the construct validity of a single-factor model to measure accelerated vascular aging, different models including vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters were examined. In addition, unsupervised clustering techniques (using both K-means and hierarchical methods) were used to identify groups of patients sharing similar characteristics in terms of the analysed variables to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: HVA and EVA.
Results
Our data show that a single-factor model including pulse pressure, glycated hemoglobin A1c, pulse wave velocity and advanced glycation end products shows the best construct validity for the EVA index
.
The optimal value of the risk groups to separate patients is K = 2 (HVA and EVA).
Conclusions
The EVA index proved to be an adequate model to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups, which could be valuable in guiding future preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A healthy diet and high health-related physical fitness levels may be part of an overall healthy lifestyle. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness levels ...has been analyzed in several studies. However, no studies have synthesized evidence on this relationship throughout adulthood. Moreover, in addition to the overall Mediterranean dietary pattern, the associations of individual components of the Mediterranean diet with physical fitness indicators are also unclear. This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols statement and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Systematic literature searches will be performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane CENTRAL databases to identify studies published up to 31 January 2022. The inclusion criteria will comprise observational studies and randomized controlled trials reporting the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness levels on general healthy or unhealthy adults (greater than or equal to18 years). When at least five studies addressing the same outcome are available, meta-analysis will be carried out to estimate the standardized mean difference of physical fitness according to the adherence to Mediterranean diet. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to the characteristics of the population, the individual dietary components of the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness parameters as long as there are sufficient studies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to increased inflammatory processes. The effects of resistance exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in T2DM are controversial. Our purpose was to determine ...the effectiveness of resistance exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in patients diagnosed with T2DM.
We searched four databases until September 2021. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of the effects of resistance exercise on inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein CRP, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10) in patients with T2DM. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the raw mean difference (MD) for CRP.
Thirteen RCTs were included in the review, and 11 in the meta-analysis for CRP. Lower CRP levels were observed when resistance exercise was compared with the control groups (SMD=-0.20; 95% confidence interval CI, -0.37 to -0.02). When conducting the MD meta-analysis, resistance exercise showed a significant decrease in CRP of -0.59 mg/dL (95% CI, -0.88 to -0.30); otherwise, in the control groups, the CRP values increased 0.19 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.21).
Evidence supports resistance exercise as an effective strategy to manage systemic inflammation by decreasing CRP levels in patients with T2DM. The evidence is still inconclusive for other inflammatory biomarkers.
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on ...adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm
) between groups (MD = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.026 to 0.009,
= 0.328;
= 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes.
•In people with cancer, exercise positively influences health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but it remains unclear which exercise modality produces the best results. Maintaining HRQoL for cancer ...survivors is a health challenge.•Exercise is the main nonpharmacological intervention for improving physical fitness, fatigue, and physical and psychological well-being—all of which are dimensions of HRQoL.•Combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise should be recommended as the best option to improve HRQoL during and after cancer treatment.
The positive influence of most types of exercise has been reported repeatedly, but what the most effective exercise approaches are for improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with cancer remains unknown. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence from intervention studies to assess the effects of different types of exercise on HRQoL during and after cancer treatment.
MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials aimed at testing the effects of exercise interventions meant to improve HRQoL in people with cancer. Separate analyses were conducted for HRQoL as measured by general and cancer-specific questionnaires. We also evaluated whether the effects of exercise were different during and after cancer treatment in both the physical and mental HRQoL domains.
In total, 93 studies involving 7435 people with cancer were included. Network effect size estimates comparing exercise intervention vs. usual care were significant for combined exercise (0.35, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.14–0.56) for HRQoL as measured by general questionnaires, and for combined (0.31, 95%CI: 0.13–0.48), mind–body exercise (0.54, 95%CI: 0.18–0.89), and walking (0.39, 95%CI: 0.04–0.74) for HRQoL as measured by cancer-specific questionnaires.
Exercise programs combining aerobic and resistance training can be recommended to improve HRQoL during and after cancer treatment. The scarcity and heterogeneity of these studies prevents us from making recommendations about other exercise modalities due to insufficient evidence.
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IntroductionPhysical fitness (PF) is an important indicator of health in children and adolescents. Internationally, test batteries have been used to assess overall PF. In Latin America, however, ...while PF has been widely measured, there is no accepted test battery, making it difficult to monitor and/or compare the PF levels of Latin children. The aim of this study, therefore, is to systematically review and potentially meta-analyse the peer-reviewed literature regarding the assessment of PF in Latin American children and adolescents.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols statement. The systematic literature search will be performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and Latindex (Spanish) to locate articles published up to April 2021. Eligible studies will include both descriptive and analytic study designs. Meta-analyses are planned for sufficiently homogeneous PF outcomes with regard to statistical and methodological characteristics. Narrative syntheses are planned for PF outcomes that are considered to be too heterogeneous. The statistical program STATA V.15 will be used for meta-analyses, with subgroup analyses performed according to the characteristics of included studies.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is designed to provide updated evidence on the PF of Latin American children and adolescents. Findings from this review may be useful for teachers, researchers and other professionals responsible for paediatric fitness and health promotion/surveillance. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications, conferences, educational talks and infographics.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189892.
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