IntroductionPhysical fitness (PF) is an important indicator of health in children and adolescents. Internationally, test batteries have been used to assess overall PF. In Latin America, however, ...while PF has been widely measured, there is no accepted test battery, making it difficult to monitor and/or compare the PF levels of Latin children. The aim of this study, therefore, is to systematically review and potentially meta-analyse the peer-reviewed literature regarding the assessment of PF in Latin American children and adolescents.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols statement. The systematic literature search will be performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and Latindex (Spanish) to locate articles published up to April 2021. Eligible studies will include both descriptive and analytic study designs. Meta-analyses are planned for sufficiently homogeneous PF outcomes with regard to statistical and methodological characteristics. Narrative syntheses are planned for PF outcomes that are considered to be too heterogeneous. The statistical program STATA V.15 will be used for meta-analyses, with subgroup analyses performed according to the characteristics of included studies.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is designed to provide updated evidence on the PF of Latin American children and adolescents. Findings from this review may be useful for teachers, researchers and other professionals responsible for paediatric fitness and health promotion/surveillance. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications, conferences, educational talks and infographics.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189892.
Uruguay was enrolled in the fourth edition of the Global Matrix on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents with the aim of producing its second Report Card and analyses on ...the ten core indicators.
A harmonized development process proposed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was followed. The best available scientific and grey literature was systematically searched for all the indicators included in the Report Card (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). A grading scale ranging from A to F was used. A new approach was used to grade the Government indicator according to the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance guidance.
New information was identified and 7 out of 10 indicators were graded, while there were 3 out of 10 indicators with incomplete information to be graded. An gender-based analysis was included in this second Report Card, providing separate grades for 5 of the indicators girls/boys: Overall Physical Activity F/F, Organized Sport Participation F/D, Active Transportation C/C, Sedentary Behavior D+/D+, and Community and Environment D+/C-. The comparison between 2018 and 2022 analysis showed a decrease in Overall Physical Activity and Organized Sport Participation, while the sources of influence School and Government obtained a higher grade in comparison with the previous Report Card.
Uruguay has developed its second version of the Report Card on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents. The gender analysis showed inequalities between girls and boys. In summary, behavioral indicators have decreased while sources of influence have risen along the time.
Aim: to compare the influence of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) with aerobic training on relevant
variables of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with heart failure (HF). ...Method: we conducted a review of systematic
reviews and meta-analyzes in PubMed and Web of Science up to March 2020. The ‘Assessment of Multiple Systematic
Reviews 2’ (AMSTAR-2) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Results: a total of 600 articles
were identified, of which 5 were selected for this review. In the included studies a total of 16 different interventions were
identified with 409 patients (mean age range = 51-70 years) with HF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. One
study had a high level of confidence and 4 studies had a moderate level of confidence (AMSTAR-2). The CART showed
significant improvements on quality of life and muscle strength compared to aerobic training. No significant differences
were found when comparing the effects of trainings on aerobic capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction and minute
ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope. Conclusions: CART is an adequate exercise intervention in the CR of
patients with HF, enhancing improvements in quality of life and muscle strength compared to aerobic training. Studies
are necessary to analyze the effects of CART according to characteristics of training, age, severity of HF and medical
treatment.
Objetivo: comparar la influencia del entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza combinados (EAFC) con el entrenamiento
aeróbico sobre variables relevantes de la rehabilitación cardíaca (RC) en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC).
Método: Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en PubMed y Web of Science hasta marzo
de 2020. Se utilizó la herramienta ‘Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2’ (AMSTAR-2) para evaluar la calidad
metodológica de los estudios. Resultados: se identificaron un total de 600 artículos, de los cuales 5 se seleccionaron
para esta revisión. En los estudios incluidos se identificaron un total de 16 intervenciones diferentes con 409 pacientes
(rango edad media = 51-70 años) con IC y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo reducida. Un estudio presentó
nivel de confianza alto y 4 estudios presentaron nivel de confianza moderado (AMSTAR-2). El EAFC presentó mejoras
significativas sobre la calidad de vida y la fuerza muscular en comparación al entrenamiento aeróbico. No se
encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar los efectos de los entrenamientos sobre la capacidad aeróbica,
fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo y pendiente de ventilación minuto/producción dióxido de carbono.
Conclusiones: El EAFC es una intervención de ejercicio adecuada en la RC de pacientes con IC, potenciando las
mejoras sobre calidad de vida y fuerza muscular en comparación al entrenamiento aeróbico. Son necesarios estudios
que analicen los efectos del EAFC según característica del entrenamiento, edad, severidad de la IC y tratamiento
farmacológico.
This study aimed to examine the associations between physical fitness components and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adults stratified by sex and age. In addition, we aimed to examine ...whether these associations change based on socioeconomic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics.
A total of 297 participants aged 47.41 (standard deviation: 9.08) years from the "Validity of a Model of Accelerated Vascular Aging as a Cardiovascular Risk Index in Healthy Adults: the EVasCu cross-sectional study" were included in this analysis. HRQoL, physical fitness, socioeconomic status (SES), waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Additionally, blood samples were extracted to determine cholesterol, triglyceride, and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were estimated to test mean differences in physical and mental health-related health measures (HRQoL) between fitness categories (fixed factors) by sex and age categories.
The physical HRQoL was related to the levels of fitness parameters among women, independent of age, while for men, it was related to better levels of general fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness among men aged < 50 and men aged ≥ 50, respectively. In contrast, mental HRQoL was related to cardiorespiratory fitness only among women aged < 50 years; speed/agility and flexibility among men aged < 50 years; and general fitness, strength, and flexibility among men aged ≥ 50 years. These data did not change when SES, clinical variables, or biochemical determinations were included in the analyses, neither for the physical nor for the mental HRQoL.
Gender and age are important factors to be considered when analysing health indicators and influences in the population. In addition, SES, clinical characteristics, and biochemical parameters do not seem to influence the relationship between HRQoL and fitness.
Background
Heart diseases, particularly heart failure, significantly impact patient quality of life and mortality rates. Functional capacity assessment is vital for predicting prognosis and risk in ...these patients. While the cardiopulmonary exercise test is considered the gold standard, the 6-minute walk test has emerged as a more accessible alternative. However, the screening accuracy and optimal cut-off points of the 6-minute walk test for detecting severely reduced functional capacity in cardiac pathologies, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, are unclear. The study aimed to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of the 6-minute walk test for detecting reduced functional capacity, defined as VO
2max
< 14 ml/kg/min, compared with the cardiopulmonary exercise test in participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using data from the “Ejercicio en Insuficiencia Cardiaca con Fracción de Eyección Preservada” (ExIC-FEp) trial; and to compare these results with previous studies investigating the screening accuracy for assessing functional capacity of the 6-minute walk test in participants with other chronic cardiac pathologies through a meta-analysis.
Results
The ExIC-FEp trial involved 22 participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, who were not treated with beta-blockers, using the cardiopulmonary exercise test, specifically VO
2max,
as the reference test. The 6-minute walk test had a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 80%, and an area under the curve of 76% in the ExIC-FEp trial. Five studies were included in the meta-analysis showing a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 78%, and an area under the curve of 85%.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the 6-minute walk test holds promise as a screening tool for assessing functional capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and chronic heart diseases, with a VO
2max
< 14 ml/kg/min as a reference point. It demonstrates moderate to good screening accuracy. However, the screening accuracy and optimal cut-off points of the 6-minute walk test for detecting severely reduced functional capacity, regardless of aetiology, are unclear.
Trial Registration
NCT05726474. Registered 16 February 2023,
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05726474
.
Key Points
• The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) shows promise as a screening tool for assessing functional capacity in participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and other chronic cardiac pathologies.
• The screening accuracy of the 6MWT was analysed in comparison to the gold standard cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in participants with HFpEF from the ExIC-FEp trial. The 6MWT demonstrated a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 80%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 76%.
• A meta-analysis comparing the screening accuracy of the 6MWT for detecting severely reduced functional capacity across various cardiac pathologies revealed consistent results. The pooled estimates showed a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 78%, and an AUC of 85%.
• The 6MWT offers a cost-effective and easily implementable alternative to the CPET for assessing functional capacity. Its moderate to good screening accuracy and widespread availability make it a valuable screening tool in the screening evaluation of participants with HFpEF and other chronic cardiac pathologies.
El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar la influencia del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) con el entrenamiento continuo de moderada intensidad (MICT) sobre la capacidad ...aeróbica y otras variables relevantes en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronaria (EAC). Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en PubMed hasta el 04 de junio de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 22 artículos, de los cuales 6 se seleccionaron finalmente para esta revisión. La calidad metodológica se evaluó utilizando la herramienta ‘Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2’ (AMSTAR-2). Todos los estudios analizaron los efectos del HIIT y MICT en pacientes adultos (rango edad media: 52-76 años). La calidad general de los estudios incluidos fue moderada-alta (AMSTAR-2). El HIIT presentó mayores mejorías sobre el consumo de oxígeno pico y la frecuencia cardíaca pico en comparación al MICT. Esta revisión agrega evidencia adicional que el HIIT presenta mejoras clínicamente significativas sobre la capacidad aeróbica en comparación al MICT. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan establecer conclusiones consistentes de los efectos del HIIT y MICT sobre otras variables relevantes.
Alcohol consumption is related to the risk of developing different types of cancer. However, unlike other alcoholic beverages, moderate wine drinking has demonstrated a protective effect on the risk ...of developing several types of cancer.
To analyze the association between wine consumption and the risk of developing cancer.
We searched the MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird methods. I2 was used to evaluate inconsistency, the τ2 test was used to assess heterogeneity, and The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale were applied to evaluate the risk of bias. This study was previously registered in PROSPERO, with the registration number CRD42022315864.
Seventy-three studies were included in the systematic review, and 26 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR for the effect of wine consumption on the risk of gynecological cancers was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08), that for colorectal cancer was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.03), and that for renal cancer was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.04). In general, the heterogeneity was substantial.
The study findings reveal no association between wine consumption and the risk of developing any type of cancer. Moreover, wine drinking demonstrated a protective trend regarding the risk of developing pancreatic, skin, lung, and brain cancer as well as cancer in general.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022315864, identifier CRD42022315864 (PROSPERO).
(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of all patients with HF. In the absence of pharmacological treatments that have been ...successful in reducing mortality or morbidity in this pathology, physical exercise is recognized as an important adjunct in the treatment of HF. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of combined training and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on exercise capacity, diastolic function, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in participants with HFpEF. (2) Methods: The ExIC-FEp study will be a single-blind, 3-arm, randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted at the Health and Social Research Center of the University of Castilla-La Mancha. Participants with HFpEF will be randomly assigned (1:1:1) to the combined exercise, HIIT or control group to evaluate the efficacy of physical exercise programs on exercise capacity, diastolic function, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness. All participants will be examined at baseline, at three months and at six months. (3) Results: The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. (4) Conclusions: This RCT will represent a significant advance in the available scientific evidence on the efficacy of physical exercise in the treatment of HFpEF.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el nivel de concordancia entre ecuaciones de estimación con el método de 1 RM en una muestra de 30 jóvenes experimentados. Se ejecutaron cuatro ejercicios: ...sentadilla con barra libre (SEN), press en banco horizontal (PB), peso muerto (PMu) y press militar (PMi) teniendo un mínimo y un máximo de 1 a 7 repeticiones respectivamente. Se consideraron 6 ecuaciones de predicción: Brzycki (1993), Epley (1995), Lander (1985), Cummings y Finn (1998), O´Conner et al. (1989), y Abadie et al. (1999). Se calculó la media y desviación estándar, así como el nivel de correlación intraclase para estudiar el nivel de la asociación y el método Bland-Altman. Los valores medios de 1RM obtuvieron muy buena correlación en las ecuaciones de Brzycki (1993) y O´Conner et al. (1989) en el ejercicio de SEN, Epley (1995), Brzycki (1993), O´Conner et al. (1989) y Cumming y Finn (1998) en el ejercicio de PB, y Cummings y Finn (1998) en el ejercicio de PMu. La ecuación predictiva de Cummings y Finn (1998) y Epley (1995) también puede ser usada para calcular 1RM en el PMi. Para mejorar la dosificación de cargas, se recomienda utilizar las ecuaciones de predicción de acuerdo con el ejercicio que se quiera llevar a cabo.
The first Uruguay's Report Card in 2018 based on the Global Matrix initiative showed the lack of information on physical activity in children and adolescents. This study mapped and examined the ...available evidence on physical activity-related indicators based on Uruguay's 2022 Report Card.
The scoping review was reported using the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed for the period between 2018 and 2021, including electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, and Latindex), gray literature (Google Scholar, open access thesis, relevant websites of State-agencies and International Organizations), national and regional relevant journals, and reference lists of key texts. Two researchers independently conducted both the selection and data-charting process. Data items from each paper were charted based on the Population, Concept, and Context elements reflected in the objective of the review. A narrative synthesis and network plots were conducted to summarize the evidence.
A total of 20 papers were included in this review, consisting of four peer-reviewed scientific papers, three bachelor's theses, four official documents of State-agencies, four Government reports, of which three included national surveys, and five laws. Strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge gaps were identified from the available evidence. We synthesized main challenges such as publishing scientific studies, establishing cross-national and cross-sectoral collaborations in research projects, generating high-quality data, reporting information on social inequality indicators that influence equitable distribution, or increasing access to public information. Our results support early emerging and growth research on this topic. However, despite existing papers on physical activity-related indicators in Uruguayan youths, the lack of high-quality evidence remains clear.
The findings of this scoping review provide the best available evidence for identifying and overcoming the challenges of physical activity-related indicators research in Uruguay. The methodological framework used could be useful for countries involved in future editions of the Global Matrix initiative.
Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/hstbd/.
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