Both dietary and sleep patterns can influence both blood pressure levels and heart rate, but these associations have been understudied in adolescents. Furthermore, it is not known whether diet and ...sleep could exert a synergistic effect with respect to the maintenance of optimal BP levels in this population.
To investigate the relationship of blood pressure levels with the combination of higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the habit of siesta (daytime napping) in Spanish adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with data obtained through personal interviews and physical examination from a representative sample of 1,378 adolescents (12-17 years of age) from the
(Region of Murcia, Spain) selected using a simple random sampling technique. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents, and the frequency and duration of siesta were self-reported. Objective measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were obtained under standardized conditions. Statistical procedures were performed with SPSS software (v.25) and included logistic and generalized regression models adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, total energy intake, nighttime sleep duration, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Of the 698 adolescents finally studied (mean age 13.9 ± 1.5 years; 56.2% female), 37.1% (
= 259) had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 19.6% (
= 137) reported frequent siesta. In the completely adjusted models, compared to adolescents with low Mediterranean diet adherence and no or infrequent siesta, those with high Mediterranean diet adherence and frequent siesta were less likely to have high-normal blood pressure or hypertension (odds ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.88) and showed slightly lower systolic blood pressure (ß-coef. = -2.60; 95% CI: -5.18, -0.02).
Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and frequent siesta have a synergistic effect on maintaining lower blood pressure levels in adolescence. These findings reinforce that adherence to both Mediterranean lifestyle behaviors early in life may be an important strategy to prevent hypertension throughout adulthood.
Consumption of organic foods has increased recently, but evidence about their potential health benefits is still limited. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available scientific evidence ...on the association between organic egg consumption and human health. We searched for peer-reviewed articles on this subject indexed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from the inception date to April 13, 2022. This review was based on PRISMA guideline recommendations. Three studies on organic egg consumption in humans were included. After 8 weeks of consuming organic eggs, one randomized crossover trial found that participants had higher serum concentrations of the beta-carotene lutein compared to the period without consuming organic eggs. Moreover, in a cross-sectional study with nationally representative data from Americans over the age of 50, it was found that consumption of organic eggs was associated with lower levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and cystine C compared with conventional eggs. Finally, in a cohort of children aged 0 to 2 years, no significant association was observed between consuming organic eggs and the risk of eczema. In conclusion, the evidence about the potential benefits of organic egg consumption and human health is promising but still requires further research. A human research agenda is proposed based on laboratory studies pointing out that organic eggs have a more desirable nutritional profile than conventional eggs.
This study aimed to describe the variability in estimates of the association of daily steps and all-cause mortality in systematic reviews with meta-analyses, to identify the factors potentially ...responsible for it, and to provide an updated estimate.
Five databases were systematically searched up to May 2024 to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies. A qualitative synthesis of previous reviews and an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies were performed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.
Eleven systematic reviews with meta-analyses and 14 cohort studies were included, revealing considerable variability in result presentation. Our updated meta-analysis showed a nonlinear association, indicating a lower risk of all-cause mortality with increased daily steps, with a protective threshold at 3143 steps/day, and a pooled HR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.95) per 1000 steps/day increment. Physical activity categories consistently indicated progressively reduced mortality risk, with the highly active category (>12,500 steps/day) exhibiting the lowest risk (0.35 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.42)).
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed considerable variability in effect estimates due to different methods of quantifying exposure. Despite it, our study underscores the importance of increased daily steps in reducing all-cause mortality, with a minimum protective dose of 3000 steps/day, although the optimal dose differed according to age and sex. It is recommended that future studies categorise daily steps by physical activity category, perform dose-response analyses, and use increments of 1000 steps/day.
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•This umbrella review is the largest synthesis of daily steps and all-cause mortality in the general population.•Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published to date showed substantial variability in the effect estimates provided.•All-cause mortality risk decreases with more steps: minimum protection at 3143 steps/day, with the lowest risk for >12,500 steps/day.•Future research should categorise daily steps by activity level, analise dose-response, and use 1000 step/day increments.
The aim of this study was to know the influence of physical exercise programs (PEP) and their pre-scription characteristics on variables of cardiac rehabilitation in people with coronary artery ...disease (CAD). We conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, with articles published up to September 1, 2019. A total of 3902 articles were identified, of which 4 were selected. The studies presented a moderate and high quality. Evidence was found on the best ranges of the duration of high intensity interval training, and of the frequency, duration, intensity and session time of continu-ous moderate intensity training. More studies are needed to reach consistent conclusions about the characteristics of these and other PEP
El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la influencia de programas de ejercicio físico (PEF) y sus ca-racterísticas de prescripción sobre variables de la rehabilitación cardíaca en personas con enfermedad de las arterias coronaria (EAC). Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis, con artículos publicados hasta el 1 de setiembre de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 3902 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 4. Los estudios presentaron una calidad moderada y alta. Se encontró evidencia sobre los mejores rangos de la duración del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad, y de la frecuencia, duración, intensidad y tiempo de sesión del entrenamiento continuo de moderada intensidad. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan llegar a conclusiones consistentes sobre las características de estos y otros PEF
To estimate the association between daytime napping and cognitive and physical sport performance and fatigue after normal sleep and partial sleep deprivation (less sleep duration than necessary).
...Systematic review and meta-analysis.
The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, SportDiscus and PsycINFO databases.
Randomised controlled trials on the effect of daytime napping on sport performance and fatigue available from inception to 2 December 2022. Standardised mean differences (SMD) and their 95% compatibility intervals (CI) were estimated with the DerSimonian-Laird method through random effect models.
In the 22 included trials, 291 male participants (164 trained athletes and 127 physically active adults) aged between 18 and 35 years were studied. When performed after a normal night of sleep, napping from 12:30 hours to 16:50 hours (with 14:00 hours being the most frequent time) improved cognitive (SMD=0.69, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.00; I
=71.5%) and physical performance (SMD=0.99, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.31; I
=89.1%) and reduced the perception of fatigue (SMD=-0.76, 95% CI: -1.24 to -0.28; I
=89.5%). The positive effects of napping were also confirmed after partial sleep deprivation. Overall, the benefits were higher with a nap duration between 30 and <60 min and when the time from nap awakening to test was greater than 1 hour.
After a night of normal sleep or partial sleep deprivation, a daytime nap between 30 and <60 min has a moderate-to-high effect on the improvement of cognitive performance and physical performance and on the reduction of perceived fatigue.
CRD42020212272.
Only a few studies have assessed the association between a proinflammatory diet and the risk of depression in older adults, and they have rendered weak results. The present study analysed the ...association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and incident self-reported diagnosis or symptoms of depression in two cohorts of community-dwelling older adults in Spain.
We used data from the Seniors-ENRICA-I (SE-I) and Seniors-ENRICA-II (SE-II) cohorts. In both cohorts, the baseline DII was calculated from habitual food consumption estimated with a validated computer-based diet history. The incidence of both physician self-reported diagnosis of depression and mild-to-major depressive symptoms (≥3 on the 10-item Geriatric Depression Scale) was analysed. Logistic regression models were adjusted for the main potential confounders, such as sociodemographics, lifestyles, and comorbidities. The results of both cohorts were pooled using a random effects model.
Among the 1627 participants in SE-I (mean age 71.5 ± 5.5 y, 53.1% women) and the 1579 in SE-II (mean age 71.4 ± 4.2, 46.7% women), 86 (5.3%) and 140 (8.9%) incident cases of depression were identified after a mean 3.2-y and 2.3-y follow-up, respectively. The fully adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of incident depression for the highest (the highest proinflammatory diet) versus the lowest quartile of DII was 2.76 (1.25–6.08, p-for-trend = 0.005) in the SE-I, 1.90 (1.04–3.40, p-for-trend = 0.005) in the SE-II and 2.07 (1.01–3.13) in the pooled cohorts. The results were consistent across strata defined by sex, age, physical activity, loneliness/poor social network, and morbidity.
A proinflammatory dietary pattern is associated with depression risk in older adults. Future research should evaluate whether reducing the inflammatory component of diet leads to reduced depression symptoms in this population.
Tree nuts and peanuts have shown cardioprotective effects through the modulation of blood lipid levels. Despite the abundance of scientific evidence available, it remains uncertain whether the type ...of nut consumed influences these changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate and rank the effects of six types of nuts on total cholesterol (total-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels through a systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA), and the estimation of SUCRA values. A total of 76 RCTs were ultimately analyzed. The total c for pistachios, almond, and walnuts; LDL-c for cashews, walnuts, and almond; and TG for hazelnuts and walnuts significantly decreased, while only peanuts exhibited a significant increase in HDL-c levels. According to the rankings, the most effective type of nut for reducing total cholesterol was pistachio, cashew for LDL-c, hazelnut for TG, and peanut for increasing HDL-c levels. It should be noted that every type of nut analyzed exhibited a significant positive impact on some parameters, and specific types demonstrated enhanced advantages for particular blood lipids. These results endorse the use of personalized nutritional strategies to address and prevent dyslipidemia.
: PROSPERO database CRD42021270779.
(1) Background: Previous evidence has indicated a connection between a Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence for subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease, such as ...arterial stiffness, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), as assessed by the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, and arterial stiffness, as assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity, in healthy adults and according to sex. (2) A cross-sectional study including 386 healthy participants was performed in the EVasCu study. Adjusted and unadjusted differences in adherence to the MD and arterial stiffness were determined using Student’s t test and ANCOVA for the total sample and according to sex. (3) Results: Our results showed that individuals with a high adherence to the MD had a greater arterial stiffness, both in the total sample and in females, although this difference was not significant after adjusting for possible confounding variables, such as age. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that, in the unadjusted analyses, healthy subjects with a high adherence to the MD showed a greater arterial stiffness. When these analyses were adjusted, no significant differences were shown in a-PWv according to the categories of MD adherence.
Introducción. Personas con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) encuentran afectadas su calidad de vida, capacidad funcional y función cardíaca. Objetivo. Comparar la influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza ...(EF) versus un grupo control (GC) respecto de variables de la rehabilitación cardíaca (RC) en pacientes con IC. Método. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de meta-análisis y revisiones sistemáticas en PubMed y Web of Science hasta marzo de 2020. Se identificaron un total de 545 artículos, entre los cuales se seleccionaron cinco para esta revisión. Se utilizó la herramienta ‘Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2’ (AMSTAR-2) para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados. En los estudios incluidos se identificaron un total de 13 intervenciones dife- rentes con 329 pacientes (rango de edad media = 48-77 años) con IC y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo reducida. Un estudio presentó nivel de confianza alto y cuatro estudios presentaron nivel de confianza moderado (AMSTAR-2). El EF indujo mejoras significativas en la calidad de vida, la capacidad aeróbica, la frecuencia cardíaca pico y la fuerza muscular en comparación al GC. No se encontraron diferencias significa- tivas en la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo ni en el volumen diastólico final ventricular izquierdo. Conclusiones. El EF es una intervención de ejercicio adecuada y necesaria en la RC de pacien- tes con IC. Son necesarios estudios que analicen los efectos del EF según características del entrenamiento, edad, severidad de la IC y tratamiento farmacológico.
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