Physical activity interventions have been a proven effective means of preventing or treating overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The results of these interventions in many cases are ...based on the determination of the effect they produce on anthropometric evaluations, which allow the calculation of health indices. However, the effects of physical activity interventions on anthropometric assessments in Chilean children and adolescents have not been systematized. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis that synthesizes the available evidence on the effect of physical activity interventions on anthropometric indicators and health indices in Chilean children and adolescents and identifies the field-based methods and health indices most used for body composition estimation.
This protocol was performed according to the PRISMA declaration. MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo databases will be systematically searched. Eligible studies will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs and pre-post studies.
This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is designed to provide up-to-date evidence that could significantly assist public health policy makers and implementers of physical activity interventions through evidence-based guidance and recommendations.
Evidence on the association between nut consumption and depression is mainly based on cross-sectional studies. This study aims to analyse whether nut consumption is prospectively associated with the ...risk of depression in adults.
This study was conducted using the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank resource. Data from middle-aged and older UK adults who participated in this cohort between 2007–2012 (baseline) and 2013–2020 (follow-up) were analysed. Baseline information on nut consumption was obtained with the Oxford WebQ 24-hour questionnaire. Depression, defined as a self-reported physician diagnosis of depression or antidepressant use, was assessed at baseline and follow-up. Hazard regression models estimating the predictive ability of nut consumption for the risk of developing depression were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health confounders.
A total of 13,504 participants (mean age 57.5 ± 7.2 years, 50.7% female) free of depression at baseline were included in the analyses. After a mean follow-up of 5.3 ± 2.4 years, 1,122 (8.3%) incident cases of depression were identified. Compared with no nut consumption, the daily consumption of >0 to 1 serving of 30 g of nuts was associated with a lower risk of depression (hazard ratio, HR=0.83; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.71–0.97) regardless of all potential confounders considered. In stratified analyses, a decreased risk of depression was more clearly observed in UK adults with adequate weight control, a healthy lifestyle, and better health status than in their counterparts (p < 0.05).
Low-to-moderate nut consumption (>0 to 1 serving of 30 g/day) was associated with a 17% lower risk of depression during a 5.3-year follow-up compared with no nut consumption in a large sample of middle-aged and older UK adults. This protective association is enhanced in the absence of other known risk factors for depression.
High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced risk of depression in prospective cohort studies, but whether MD interventions are effective among adults with ...depression is uncertain.
This study aimed to synthesize findings on the effects of MD interventions on the severity of depressive symptoms in adults with depression.
PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to March 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane recommendations were followed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes after MD interventions with outcomes for control conditions in adults with depressive disorders or depressive symptoms.
Two authors extracted the data independently. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator, the I2 metric, and the prediction interval were used to estimate between-study heterogeneity. To determine the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence from RCTs, we used the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2 and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools, respectively.
In total, 1507 participants (mean age range: 22.0 years-53.3 years) with depression were initially included in the 5 RCTs of this review. Compared with control conditions, MD interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms among young and middle-aged adults with major depression or mild to moderate depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference: -0.53; 95% confidence interval: -0.90 to -0.16; I2 = 87.1%). The prediction interval ranged from -1.86 to 0.81. The overall risk of bias was within the range of "some concerns" to "high," while the certainty of evidence was low.
MD interventions appear to have substantial potential for alleviating depressive symptoms in people experiencing major or mild depression. However, to establish robust recommendations, there remains a need for high-quality, large-scale, and long-term RCTs.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022341895.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and its dietary components and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a ...sample of Spanish adolescents. A total sample of 634 adolescents was included (mean age: 13.96 ± 1.54 years; 56.9% girls). The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED) and the KIDSCREEN-10 were used to assess adherence to the MedDiet and its components and HRQoL, respectively. Linear regression was applied to estimate the association between overall adherence to the MedDiet and HRQoL. Cluster analysis was used to establish subgroups according to different patterns of MedDiet component consumption. Higher overall adherence to the MedDiet was significantly associated with greater HRQoL (unstandardized beta coefficient β = 0.329; 95% CI: 0.108, 0.550;
p
= 0.004), even after adjustment for sociodemographic, physical and lifestyle covariates (β = 0.228; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.449;
p
= 0.043). When different clusters were established according to similar features of MedDiet component consumption, the cluster with a higher percentage of individuals who skipped breakfast had significantly lower scores on the HRQoL scale (
p
< 0.05)
Conclusions
: Our findings highlight the relevance of considering the specific patterns of food group consumption and MedDiet-related behaviors and not just the overall measure of MedDiet adherence for promoting HRQoL in adolescents.
What is Known:
•
Previous studies have shown that some lifestyle behaviors, such as dietary habits, could be associated with health-related quality of life.
•
According to our results, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern was associated with greater health-related quality of life in adolescents.
What is New:
•
Skipping breakfast seems to have a crucial role in health-related quality of life among adolescents.
•
These results could lead to the development of more specific dietary strategies for increasing health-related quality of life in adolescents.
Abstract
Objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes the evidence on prospective bidirectional associations between sleep-related problems (SRP) and chronic musculoskeletal pain ...(CMP).
Methods
A literature search for cohort studies available in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases as of 19 July 2022 was performed. Pooled odds ratios and effect sizes were calculated through random effects meta-analysis. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore differences by follow-up time, proportion of each sex and mean age. The Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were strictly followed.
Results
Twenty studies with a total of 208 190 adults (aged 34.4–71.7 years) were included, with 17 of them being used in the meta-analysis. Individuals with SRP at baseline had a 1.79-fold higher incidence (odds ratio OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.55, 2.08; I2 = 84.7%; P < 0.001) and a 2.04-fold higher persistence (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.94; I2 = 88.5%; P < 0.005) of CMP than those without SRP. In the subgroup analysis of the association between SRP and CMP, the longer the follow-up time of the studies, the higher the heterogeneity between them. In the corresponding meta-regression, no significant effect was observed for follow-up time, sex proportion or age. Individuals with CMP at baseline had a 2.02-fold higher incidence of SRP (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.62, 2.53; I2 = 90.0%; P < 0.001) than those without CMP.
Conclusion
This study provides robust evidence concerning the longitudinal association between SRP and incidence-persistence of CMP in adults. In addition, the available prospective studies support the existence of a bidirectional relationship between CMP and SRP.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020212360
Objective: to determine the influence of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and the effects of its prescription elements (frequency, intensity, type, time) on aerobic capacity in patients ...with heart failure (HF).
Method: We conducted a review of systematic reviews and Meta-analyzes in PubMed and Web of Science up to March 1, 2020. The 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2) tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.
Results: 4764 articles were identified, of which 3 were selected for this review. 94 interventions with 12282 patients (mean age range = 49-81 years) with HF were examined. Two studies had a high level of confidence and 1 study reported a low level of confidence (AMSTAR-2). The MICT showed significant improvements on aerobic capacity in patients with heart failure. MICT with intensity between 60-85% VO2peak, a session time between 35-60 minutes, weekly energy expenditure greater than 450 kcal and a total energy expenditure of 2548 J.kg-1 reported the greatest improvements in aerobic capacity of this population.
Conclusions: Energy expenditure is the main determinant of improvements in the aerobic capacity of this population and the recommendations for physical exercise in patients with HF should be based on this element. More studies are needed to allow consistent conclusions about the effects of ECMI characteristics in patients with HF.
Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del entrenamiento continuo de moderada intensidad (ECMI) y los efectos de sus elementos de prescripción (frecuencia, intensidad, tipo, tiempo) sobre la capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC).
Método: Se realizó una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en PubMed y Web of Science hasta el 1 de marzo de 2020. Se utilizó la herramienta ‘Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2’ (AMSTAR-2) para evaluar la calidad de los estudios.
Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 4764 artículos, de los cuales 3 se seleccionaron para esta revisión. Se examinaron un total de 94 intervenciones con 12282 pacientes (rango edad media= 49-81 años) con IC. Dos estudios presentaron nivel de confianza alto y 1 estudio reportó nivel de confianza bajo (AMSTAR-2). El ECMI presentó mejoras significativas sobre la capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. El ECMI con una intensidad entre 60-85% VO2pico, un tiempo de sesión entre 35-60 minutos, un gasto de energía semanal mayor a 450 kcal y un gasto de energía total de 2548 J.kg-1 reportaron las mayores mejorías sobre la capacidad aeróbica de esta población.
Conclusiones: El gasto de energía es el principal determinante de mejoras sobre la capacidad aeróbica de esta población y las recomendaciones de ejercicio físico en pacientes con IC deben basarse en este elemento. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan establecer conclusiones consistentes sobre los efectos de las características del ECMI en pacientes con IC.
El objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer la influencia del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) sobre capacidad aeróbica en personas con enfermedad de las arterias coronaria. ...Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en PubMed hasta el 04 de junio de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 23 artículos, de los cuales 3 se seleccionaron para esta revisión. La calidad de los estudios incluidos fue alta (AMSTAR-2). El HIIT presentó mejoras significativas sobre capacidad aeróbica en esta población. El HIIT con una duración entre 7-12 semanas y una intensidad superior a 90% FCpico - 80% VO2pico reportaron mayores mejorías sobre capacidad aeróbica. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan establecer conclusiones consistentes sobre los efectos de otros elementos de la prescripción del HIIT en esta población.
The aim of this review was to know the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic capacity in people with coronary artery disease. We conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes in PubMed up to 4 June 2019. A total of 23 articles were identified, of which 3 were finally selected for this review. The quality of the included studies was high (AMSTAR-2). The HIIT presented significant improvements in aerobic capacity in this population. The HIIT with duration between 7-12 weeks and intensity higher than 90% HRpeak - 80% VO2peak reported greater im-provements in aerobic capacity. Further studies are necessary to establish consistent conclusions about the effects of other elements of HIIT prescription in this population.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between the consumption of different types of meat and the muscle strength index (MSI) and to examine whether this relationship is ...mediated by total protein intake (TPI) and lean mass percentage (LM%) in young adults.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with first-year university students from Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Different types of meat consumption (total, red, processed, and white and fish) were separately evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. MSI was determined from the handgrip and standing long jump tests. ANCOVA models were used to test the mean differences in MSI by categories of meat consumption. Serial multiple mediation models were used to explore the mediating role of TPI and LM% in the relationship between meat consumption and MSI. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic level, identified through a directed acyclic graph. Additional analyses were performed with a small subsample including alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and total energy intake as covariates in the multiple mediation models.
Results
A total of 230 students (mean age 21.1 ± 2.1 years, 66.5% women) were included in the analysis. Young adults with higher meat consumption (total, red, and white and fish) had higher MSI adjusted means than their peers with lower meat consumption (
p
< 0.05). These associations did not remain after controlling for TPI and LM%. In adjusted mediation analyses, a significant indirect effect was observed through TPI and LM% in the associations between each of the types of meat consumption and MSI. In the additional analyses, a greater effect of white and fish meat consumption on muscle strength through mediation of TPI and LM% was reported compared to red or processed meat consumption, and no significant effects were observed between processed meat consumption and MSI.
Conclusion
Higher consumption of total, red, and white and fish meat was associated with increased MSI in young adults. TPI and LM% mediated this relationship.
Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to ...synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middle-aged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9–86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259.
Statement of Significance: This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive picture of the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood.
The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement between estimation equations with the 1RM method in a sample of 30 experienced young people. Four exercises were performed: barbell squat ...(SQ), horizontal bench press (BP), dead weight (DW), and military press (MiP), with a minimum and a maximum of 1 to 7 repetitions respectively. Six prediction equations were considered: Brzycki (1993), Epley (1995), Lander (1985), Cummings and Finn (1998), O'Conner et al. (1989), and Abadie et al. (1999). The mean and standard deviation were calculated, as well as the level of intraclass correlation and the Bland-Altman method to study the association. The mean values of 1RM obtained very good correlation in the equations of Brzycki (1993) and O'Conner et al. (1989) in the SQ, Epley (1995) in the BP exercise, and Cummings and Finn (1998) in the DW exercise. *He predictive equation of Cummings and Finn (1998) and Epley (1995) can also be used to calculate 1RM in MiP. To improve the dosage of loads, it is recommended to use the predictive equations according to the exercise to be performed.
